GHG Emissions from Iron and Steel Production

Version 2.0, December 2007

Introduction

This guideline is written for plant managers and site personnel to facilitate the measurement and reporting of gr
Steel manufacturing. A step-by-step approach is presented to cover every phase of the calculation process from
should be applied by the industries whose operations involve Iron and Steel production.This document is to be u
documents:
1) ‘Guide to calculation worksheets – Calculating GHG emissions from the production of Iron and Steel and
2) ‘GHG Protocol Reporting Standard and Guidance’.

Brief Overview of Methodologies

This tool offers a series of spreadsheets that allow the calculation of the CO 2 and CH4 emissions from the princ
production. These sources include stationary combustion (including flares), offsite and onsite metallurgical coke
Reduced Iron (DRI) and of non-direct reduced Iron and Steel, and also of onsite and offsite lime production. Th

Tab 1: Introduction
Tab 2: Stationary Combustion CO2. Calculating CO2 emissions from stationary combustion (Worksheet 1)
Tab 3: Appendix A. Default values for fuel carbon contents and heating values
Tab 4: Non-CO2 Stationary Combustion (Worksheet 2)
Tab 5: Appendix B. Default N2O and CH4 emission factors
Tab 6. Onsite coke production (Worksheet 3). Calculating GHGF emissions from onsite coke production
Tab 7. Offsite coke production (Worksheet 4). Calculating HG emissions from offsite coke production
Tab 8. Flaring (Worksheet 5). CO2 and CH4 emissions from flaring
Tab 8. Sinter production (Worksheet 6). Calculating GHG emissions from sinter production
Tab 9. DRI production (Worksheet 7). Calculating GHG emissions from Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) production
Tab 10. Iron and Steel production (Worksheet 8). Calculating GHG emissions from Iron and Steel production
Tab 11. Appendix C. Default carbon contents for process materials
Tab 12. Onsite lime CO2 (Worksheet 9). Calculating CO2 emissions from onsite lime production
Tab 13. Offsite lime CO2 (Worksheet 10). Calculating CO2 emissions from offsite lime production
Tab 14. Summary of calculated emissions
Tab 15. Version history

Acknowledgements

The methods and default values provided in this tool come from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. To view this docum
nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl.

All intellectual property rights belong to GHG Protocol Initiative. Please cite the original reference whenever us
self explanatory, for questions or suggestions on their contents, please contact Stephen Russell at stephen.russel
Initiative at www.ghgprotocol.org for other GHG calculation tools.
self explanatory, for questions or suggestions on their contents, please contact Stephen Russell at stephen.russel
Initiative at www.ghgprotocol.org for other GHG calculation tools.
ment and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from Iron and
alculation process from data gathering to reporting. This sector guideline
This document is to be used in conjunction with two additional

of Iron and Steel and

missions from the principal GHG sources associatyed with Iron and Steel
onsite metallurgical coke production, the production of sinter, Direct
site lime production. This tool is arranged in the following order:

tion (Worksheet 1)

coke production
ke production

ion
Iron (DRI) production
and Steel production

oduction
production

nes. To view this documentation please go to http://www.ipcc-

l reference whenever using this tool. While the worksheets are largely
Russell at stephen.russell@wri.org. Please visit the GHG Protocol
Russell at stephen.russell@wri.org. Please visit the GHG Protocol
 Worksheet 1: Calculating CO2 emissions from stationary combustion

User-entered values
Auto-calculated non-editable values

Please refer to Appendix A for the default heating value and carbon content values for a range of fuels

User must ensure that units and basis of heating values are consistent and properly cancel across Steps!
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Direct Measurement Verification
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
Quantity of Basis of Energy content Carbon Unit Is direct CO2 CO2 Difference between
Units for Heat / Calorific Units for Units for Units for Oxidation CO2 emissions in
fuel Heating of fuel content conversion CO2 emissions in kg measurement data Emissions Direct measurement Data source of direct measurement data
A Value of fuel C F H factor metric tons
Fossil Fuels Only combusted Values combusted factor factor to kg available? metric tons and calculation
L=F*H*J*K*
Source Fuel type (GCV or NCV) F=A*C M = L / 1000 (Y or N) P = (O - M) / O
44/12
0 Example: Source 1 Natural gas 1,000.00 kg 0.051 GJ/kg GCV 51.00 GJ 14 kg C/GJ 100% 1.00 2,618 2.62 Y 2.61 -0.3% Stack CEM data using U.S. 40CFR Part 75
1 0.00 0 0.00 NA
2 0.00 0 0.00 NA
3 0.00 0 0.00 NA
4 0.00 0 0.00 NA
5 0.00 0 0.00 NA
6 0.00 0 0.00 NA
7 0.00 0 0.00 NA
8 0.00 0 0.00 NA
9 0.00 0 0.00 NA
10 0.00 0 0.00 NA
11 0.00 0 0.00 NA
12 0.00 0 0.00 NA
13 0.00 0 0.00 NA
14 0.00 0 0.00 NA
15 0.00 0 0.00 NA
16 0.00 0 0.00 NA
17 0.00 0 0.00 NA
18 0.00 0 0.00 NA
19 0.00 0 0.00 NA
20 0.00 0 0.00 NA
To insert more records, copy row above this line and insert "Copied cells" here.
Note: The direct emissions associated with stationary combustion should be reported in scope 1 as direct emissions from stationary sources. TOTAL 0 0.00 TOTAL 0.00 NA

Biomass Fuels Only

1 0.00 0 0.00 NA
2 0.00 0 0.00 NA
3 0.00 0 0.00 NA
4 10.00 11.00 12 12.00 14.00 120.00 15.00 0 0.00 NA
5 0.00 0 0.00 NA
6 0.00 0 0.00 NA
7 0.00 0 0.00 NA
8 0.00 0 0.00 NA
9 0.00 0 0.00 NA
10 0.00 0 0.00 NA
To insert more records, copy row above this line and insert "Copied cells" here.
TOTAL 0 0.00 TOTAL 0.00 NA
Appendix A: Default Values for fuel carbon contents and heating values

This appendix should be used with Spreadsheet 1: Calculating CO2 emissions from stationary combustion

Fuel
% basis (% w/w)

Crude oil and Crude oil 0.85

derived Orimulsion 0.58
substances Natural Gas Liquids 0.77
Motor Gasoline 0.84
Aviation Gasoline 0.85
Jet Gasoline 0.85
Jet Kerosene 0.86
Other Kerosene 0.86
Shale oil 0.76
Gas/.Diesel oil 0.87
Residual Fuel oil 0.85
Liquified Petroleum Gases 0.81
Ethane 0.78
Naphtha 0.89
Bitumen 0.88
Lubricants 0.80
Petroleum coke 0.86
Refinery feedstocks 0.86
Refinery Gas 0.78
Paraffin waxes 0.80
White Spirit & SBP 0.80
Other petroleum products 0.80
Coal and derived Anthracite 0.72
products Coking coal 0.73
Other bituminous coal 0.67
Sub-bituminous coal 0.50
Lignite 0.33
Oil shale and tar sands 0.26
Brown coal briquettes 0.55
Patent fuel 0.55
Coke oven coke / lignite coke / coke breeze 0.82
Gas coke 0.82
Coal tar 0.62
Gas works gas 0.47
Coke oven gas 0.47
Blast furnace gas 0.17
Oxygen steel furnace gas 0.35
Natural Gas Natural Gas 0.73
Non-biomass Municipal wastes (non-biomass fraction) 0.25
waste Industrial wastes NA
Waste oils 0.80
Peat Peat 0.28
Biomass waste Wood/Wood waste 0.48
Sulphite lyes (Black liqour) 0.31
Other primary solid biomass fuels 0.32
Charcoal 0.90
Biogasoline 0.52
Biodiesels 0.52
Other liquid biofuels 0.59
Landfill gas 0.75
Sludge gas 0.75
Other biogas 0.75
Municipal wastes (biomass fraction) 0.32

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The IPCC values were originally on a NC
using rule of thumb. Gross calorific (higher heating) values are preferred because they are more closely related to
values.
tionary combustion

Carbon content Heating values

Energy basis (=carbon content / heating value) Higher Heating Values
(HHV) / Gross Calorific
Values (GCV) units
Lower Heating Value (LHV) / Net Higher Heating Value (HHV) / Gross (thousand Btu / lb)
Calorific Value (NCV) basis (kg/GJ) Calorific Value (GCV) basis (kg/GJ)

20 19.00 21.31
21 19.95 13.85
17.5 16.63 22.26
18.9 17.96 22.31
19.1 18.15 22.31
19.1 18.15 22.31
19.5 18.53 22.21
19.6 18.62 22.06
20 19.00 19.19
20.2 19.19 21.66
21.1 20.05 20.35
17.2 15.48 25.15
16.8 15.12 24.67
20 19.00 22.41
22 20.90 20.25
20 19.00 20.25
26.6 25.27 16.37
20 19.00 21.66
15.7 14.13 24.93
20 19.00 20.25
20 19.00 20.25
20 19.00 20.25
26.8 25.46 13.45
25.8 24.51 14.20
25.8 24.51 12.99
26.2 24.89 9.52
27.6 26.22 5.99
29.1 27.65 4.48
26.6 25.27 10.43
26.6 25.27 10.43
29.2 27.74 14.20
29.2 27.74 14.20
22 20.90 14.10
12.1 10.89 20.58
12.1 10.89 20.58
70.8 63.72 1.31
49.6 44.64 3.75
 15.3 13.77 25.52
25 23.75 5.04
39 NA NA
20 19.00 20.25
28.9 27.46 4.92
30.5 28.98 7.86
26 24.70 5.94
27.3 25.94 5.84
30.5 28.98 14.86
19.3 18.34 13.60
19.3 18.34 13.60
21.7 20.62 13.80
14.9 13.41 26.80
14.9 13.41 26.80
14.9 13.41 26.80
27.3 25.94 5.84

ues were originally on a NCV (LHV) basis and have been converted to a GCV (HHV) basis
are more closely related to the carbon content of fuels than net calorific (lower heating)
Heating values Carbon oxidation factor (%)
Lower Heating
Values (LHV) / Net
Calorific Values
(NCV) units MJ/kg /
TJ/Gg

42.3 100
27.5 100
44.2 100
44.3 100
44.3 100
44.3 100
44.1 100
43.8 100
38.1 100
43 100
40.4 100
47.3 100
46.4 100
44.5 100
40.2 100
40.2 100
32.5 100
43 100
49.5 100
40.2 100
40.2 100
40.2 100
26.7 100
28.2 100
25.8 100
18.9 100
11.9 100
8.9 100
20.7 100
20.7 100
28.2 100
28.2 100
28 100
38.7 100
38.7 100
2.47 100
7.06 100
 48 100
10 100
NA 100
40.2 100
9.76 100
15.6 100
11.8 100
11.6 100
29.5 100
27 100
27 100
27.4 100
50.4 100
50.4 100
50.4 100
11.6 100
 Worksheet 2: Calculating CH4 and N2O emissions from stationary combustion

User-entered values
Auto-calculated non-editable values

Please refer to Appendix B for default emission factors for a range of fuels

User must ensure that units and basis of heating values are consistent and properly cancel across Steps!
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Quantity of Basis of Energy content CH4 N2O Unit
Units for Heat / Calorific Units for Units for Units for Units for CH4 emissions N2O emissions
fuel Heating of fuel Emission Emission conversion
A Value of fuel C F H J in kg in kg
combusted Values combusted factor factor factor to kg

Source (Combustion unit / facility) Fuel type (GCV or NCV) F=A*C M=F*H*L N=F*J*L
1,000.00 kg 0.051 GJ/kg GCV 51.00 GJ 0.0010 kg CH4/GJ 0.0020 kg N2O/GJ 1.00 0.05 0.10
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Note: Insert rows for additional records. Number of rows in this table should match number of rows in "CO2 Worksheet Year (1)" sheet.

Biomass Fuels
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 10.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 120.00 15.00 0.00 0.00
5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Note: Insert rows for additional records. Number of rows in this table should match number of rows in "CO2 Worksheet Year (1)" sheet.
TOTAL 0.00 0.00

GWP Values 21 310

Total GWP-weighted Emissions (kg CO2-equivalents) 0.00 0.00

Note: The direct emissions associated with stationary combustion should be reported in scope 1 as direct emissions from stationary sources.
Appendix B: Default N2O and CH4 emission factors

Please note: If you have information on the specific type of combustion technology used please

Table 1: Tier 1 default values

Lower Heating Value(LHV)/Net Calorific Value (NCV) Basis

kg GHG / TJ fuel kg GHG / ton fuel
Fuel CH4 N2O CH4
Crude oil and Crude oil 3.000 0.600 0.134
derived Orimulsion 3.000 0.600 0.087
substances Natural Gas Liquids 3.000 0.600 0.140
Motor Gasoline 3.000 0.600 0.140
Aviation Gasoline 3.000 0.600 0.140
Jet Gasoline 3.000 0.600 0.140
Jet Kerosene 3.000 0.600 0.139
Other Kerosene 3.000 0.600 0.138
Shale oil 3.000 0.600 0.120
Gas/.Diesel oil 3.000 0.600 0.136
Residual Fuel oil 3.000 0.600 0.128
Liquified Petroleum Gase 1.000 0.100 0.053
Ethane 1.000 0.100 0.052
Naphtha 3.000 0.600 0.141
Bitumen 3.000 0.600 0.127
Lubricants 3.000 0.600 0.127
Petroleum coke 3.000 0.600 0.103
Refinery feedstocks 3.000 0.600 0.136
Refinery Gas 1.000 0.100 0.055
Paraffin waxes 3.000 0.600 0.127
White Spirit & SBP 3.000 0.600 0.127
Other petroleum products 3.000 0.600 0.127
Coal and derived Anthracite 1.000 1.500 0.028
products Coking coal 10.000 1.500 0.297
Other bituminous coal 10.000 1.500 0.272
Sub-bituminous coal 10.000 1.500 0.199
Lignite 10.000 1.500 0.125
Oil shale and tar sands 10.000 1.500 0.094
Brown coal briquettes 10.000 1.500 0.218
Patent fuel 10.000 1.500 0.218
Coke oven coke & lignite 10.000 1.500 0.297
Gas coke 1.000 0.100 0.030
Coal tar 10.000 1.500 0.295
Gas works gas 1.000 0.100 0.043
Coke oven gas 1.000 0.100 0.043
Blast furnace gas 1.000 0.100 0.003
Oxygen steel furnace gas 1.000 0.100 0.008
Natural Gas Natural Gas 1.000 0.100 0.053
Non-biomass Municipal wastes (non-bio 30.000 4.000 0.316
waste
Non-biomass
waste Industrial wastes 30.000 4.000 N/A
Waste oils 30.000 4.000 1.269
Peat Peat 2.000 1.500 0.021
Biomass waste Wood/Wood waste 30.000 4.000 0.493
Sulphite lyes (Black liqour 3.000 2.000 0.037
Other primary solid bioma 30.000 4.000 0.366
Charcoal 200.000 4.000 6.211
Biogasoline 3.000 0.600 0.085
Biodiesels 3.000 0.600 0.085
Other liquid biofuels 3.000 0.600 0.087
Landfill gas 1.000 0.100 0.056
Sludge gas 1.000 0.100 0.056
Other biogas 1.000 0.100 0.056
Municipal wastes (biomass 30.000 4.000 0.366

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The IPCC values were originally on a NC
been converted to a GCV (HHV) basis using rule of thumb.Gross calorific (higher heating) values are preferred bec
closely related to the carbon content of fuels than net calorific (lower heating) values.

Table 2: Tier 3 equipment-specific default values

When the type of combustion technology is known, the following defaults should be used for N 2O

LHV/NCV basis: kg/TJ

Technology fuel
Basic Technology Configuration CH4 N2O
Liquid fuels Residual fuel oil/ Shale oil boilers 3.000 0.300
Gas/Diesel oil boilers 0.200 0.400
Large stationary diesel
oil engines >600hp
(447kW) 4.000 N/A
Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG) boilers 0.900 4.000
Solid fuels Other bituminous /Sub-
bituminous overfeed
stoker boilers 1.000 0.700
Other bituminous /Sub-
bituminous underfeed
stoker boilers 14.000 0.700
Other bituminous/sub-
bituminous pulverised Dry bottom, wall 0.700 0.500
Dry bottom, tang 0.700 1.400
Wet bottom 0.900 1.400
Other bituminous
spreader stokers 1.000 0.700
Other bituminous/sub-
bituminous fluidised bed
combustor Circulating bed 1.000 61.000
Bubbling bed 1.000 61.000
Natural Gas Boilers 1.000 1.000
Natural Gas
Gas-fired gas turbines
>3MW 4.000 1.000
Natural gas-fired
reciprocating engines 2-Stroke lean b 693.000 N/A
4-Stroke lean b 597.000 N/A
4-Stroke rich bu 110.000 N/A
Wood/wood waste
Biomass boilers 11.000 7.000

Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The IPCC values were originally on a NC
been converted to a GCV (HHV) basis using rule of thumb.Gross calorific (higher heating) values are preferred bec
closely related to the carbon content of fuels than net calorific (lower heating) values.
on technology used please use the CH 4 and N2O emisison factors in Table 2.

alorific Value (NCV) Basis Basis

kg GHG / ton fuel kg GHG / TJ fuel kg GHG / ton fuel
N2O CH4 N2O CH4 N2O
0.027 2.850 0.570 0.127 0.025
0.017 2.850 0.570 0.083 0.017
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.133 0.027
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.133 0.027
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.133 0.027
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.133 0.027
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.132 0.026
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.131 0.026
0.024 2.850 0.570 0.114 0.023
0.027 2.850 0.570 0.129 0.026
0.026 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.005 0.900 0.090 0.047 0.005
0.005 0.900 0.090 0.046 0.005
0.028 2.850 0.570 0.134 0.027
0.025 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.025 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.021 2.850 0.570 0.098 0.020
0.027 2.850 0.570 0.129 0.026
0.006 0.900 0.090 0.050 0.005
0.025 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.025 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.025 2.850 0.570 0.121 0.024
0.042 0.950 1.425 0.027 0.040
0.045 9.500 1.425 0.282 0.042
0.041 9.500 1.425 0.258 0.039
0.030 9.500 1.425 0.189 0.028
0.019 9.500 1.425 0.119 0.018
0.014 9.500 1.425 0.089 0.013
0.033 9.500 1.425 0.207 0.031
0.033 9.500 1.425 0.207 0.031
0.045 9.500 1.425 0.282 0.042
0.003 0.950 0.095 0.028 0.003
0.044 9.500 1.425 0.280 0.042
0.004 0.900 0.090 0.039 0.004
0.004 0.900 0.090 0.039 0.004
0.000 0.900 0.090 0.002 0.000
0.001 0.900 0.090 0.007 0.001
0.005 0.900 0.090 0.051 0.005
0.042 28.500 3.800 0.300 0.040
 N/A 28.500 3.800 N/A N/A
0.169 28.500 3.800 1.206 0.161
0.015 1.900 1.425 0.020 0.015
0.066 28.500 3.800 0.468 0.062
0.025 2.850 1.900 0.035 0.024
0.049 28.500 3.800 0.348 0.046
0.124 190.000 3.800 5.900 0.118
0.017 2.850 0.570 0.081 0.016
0.017 2.850 0.570 0.081 0.016
0.017 2.850 0.570 0.082 0.016
0.006 0.900 0.090 0.050 0.005
0.006 0.900 0.090 0.050 0.005
0.006 0.900 0.090 0.050 0.005
0.049 28.500 3.800 0.348 0.046

C values were originally on a NCV (LHV) basis and have

heating) values are preferred because they are more
es.

aults should be used for N 2O and CH4:

HHV/GCV basis: kg/TJ

fuel
CH4 N2O
2.850 0.285
0.190 0.380

3.800 #VALUE!
0.855 3.800

0.950 0.665

13.300 0.665

0.665 0.475
0.665 1.330
0.855 1.330

0.950 0.665

0.950 57.950
0.950 57.950
0.900 0.900
 3.600 0.900

623.700 N/A
537.300 N/A
99.000 N/A

10.450 6.650

C values were originally on a NCV (LHV) basis and have

heating) values are preferred because they are more
es.
 Worksheet 3: Calculating GHG emissions from onsite coke production

User entry required

Non-editable cells

CO2 emissions

Please note that default values for the carbon contents of process materials are available in App

Process materials Blast Furnace gas consumed at facility*

Facility Fuel Amount Carbon content (tonnes / Amount
(tonnes) unit fuel)

Example Facility A Coking coal 200 0.73

using Natural gas 120 0.73
defaults: Residual fuel 90 0.85

310.1 60

* The units in which the amount and carbon content of any given fuel or other material must be consistent with eac
 CH4 emissions
Total CH4 emissions
Facility Amount of coke CH4 emission factor*# Uncorrected for GWP
produced (g CH4 / unit (kg CH4)
onsite* coke)
factor Facility A 120 0.1 0.012
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

* The units in which coke production are expressed must be consistent with those used in the CH4 emis
#
The default value for the CH4 emission factor for coke production is: 0.1g CH4/metric tonne coke
e coke production

ess materials are available in Appendix C.

Coke oven gas transferred Coke-oven byproducts trans

rnace gas consumed at facility* Coke produced at facility* offsite* offsite*
Carbon content (tonnes Amount Carbon content Amount Carbon content Byproduct
/ unit gas) (tonnes / unit coke) (tonnes / unit gas)

0.17 20 0.82 10 0.47

material must be consistent with eachother

 Total CH4 emissions
GWP corrected
(metric tonnes CO2-e.)

0.000252
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ent with those used in the CH4 emission factor
s: 0.1g CH4/metric tonne coke
Coke-oven byproducts transferred CO2 emissions
offsite* (tonnes)
Amount Carbon content
(tonnes / unit
byproduct)

0 299.2

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0
0
 Worksheet 4: Calculating GHG emissions from offsite coke production

User entry required

Non-editable cells

CO2 emissions

Please note that default values for the carbon contents of process materials are available in App

Process materials Coke produced offsite*

Facility Fuel Amount (tonnes) Carbon content Amount
(tonnes / unit fuel)

Example Facility A Coking coal 200 0.73

using Natural gas 120 0.73
defaults: Residual fuel 90 0.85

310.1 20

* The units in which the amount and carbon content of any given fuel or other material must be consistent with eac
 CH4 emissions
Total CH4 emissions
Facility Amount of coke CH4 emission factor* Uncorrected for
#

produced offsite* (g CH4 / unit coke) GWP (kg CH4)

factor Facility A 120 0.1 0.012

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* The units in which coke production are expressed must be consistent with those used in the CH4 emis
#
The default value for the CH4 emission factor for coke production is: 0.1g CH4/metric tonne coke
ffsite coke production

r entry required
-editable cells

process materials are available in Appendix C.

Coke oven gas produced

Coke produced offsite* offsite* Coke-oven byproducts produced offsite*
Carbon content Amount Carbon content Byproduct Amount Carbon content
(tonnes / unit coke) (tonnes / unit gas) (tonnes / unit
byproduct)

0.82 10 0.47 0

0
0
her material must be consistent with eachother
 Total CH4 emissions
GWP corrected
(metric tonnes CO2-
e.)
0.000252
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
onsistent with those used in the CH4 emission factor
ction is: 0.1g CH4/metric tonne coke
CO2 emissions
(tonnes)

289

0
0
 Worksheet 5: Calculating CO2 and CH4 emissions from flaring

Hydrocarbon profile of flared gas

Facility Volume gas Hydrocarbon Ratio of weight of Ratio of weight of carbon in
flared in flared gas hydrocarbon to weight of the hydrocarbon to the
(standard flared gas (lbmole weight of hydrocarbon
cubic feet) HC/lbmole flared gas) (lbmoles C/lbmole HC)

0
0
ons from flaring

User entry required

Non-editable cells

Amount of methane CO2 emissions CH4 emissions Total emissions

in the flared gas (tonnes) (tonnes CO2-e.) (tonnes CO2-e.)
(lbmoles CH4/lbmole
flared gas)

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
 Worksheet 6: Calculating GHG emissions from sinter production

CO2 emissions

Please note that default values for the carbon contents of process materials are available in Ap

Facility Process material

Amount (metric Carbon content (%
Material tons) weight/weight)
Facility A Coke breeze 100 0.82
Example using default Coke oven gas 90 0.47
values Blast furnace gas 10 0.17
Other
126

* The units in which the amount and carbon content of any given fuel or other material must be consis

CH4 emissions
Total CH4 emissions
Facility Amount of Sinter CH4 emission Uncorrected for GWP (kg
produced* factor*# (kg CH4 / CH4)
unit sinter)

Example using default

emission factor Facility A 123 0.07 8.61
0
0
0
0
0
 0
0
0

* The units in which the amounts of sinter produced must be consistent with the units in which the CH
#
The default value for the CH4 emission factor for sinter production is: 0.07kg/metric tonne sinter
production

s materials are available in Appendix C. These defaults are expressed on both energy and mass bases.

Sinter off gas transferred offsite CO2

Amount (metric tons) Carbon content (% emissions
weight/weight) (tonnes)

100 0.11 421.6666667

0
0
or other material must be consistent with eachother

Total CH4 emissions

GWP corrected (metric
tonnes CO2-e.)

0.18081
0
0
0
0
0
 0
0
0
0
nt with the units in which the CH4 emission factors are expressed
: 0.07kg/metric tonne sinter
 Worksheet 7: Calculating GHG emissions from Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) produc

CO2 emissions

Please note that default values for the carbon contents of process materials are available in App

Natural gas consumption Coke breeze consumption

Facility Amount (tonnes)* Carbon content* Amount (tonnes)* Carbon content*
Example using
default values Facility A

* The units in which the amount and carbon content of any given fuel or other material must be consiste

CH4 emissions
Total CH4 emissions
Facility Amount of DRI CH4 emission Uncorrected for GWP corrected
produced* factor*# (kg/unit GWP (kg CH4) (metric tonnes
DRI) CO2-e.)
factor Facility A 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
* The units in which the amounts of sinter produced must be consistent with the units in which the CH4
The default value for the CH4 emission factor for DRI production is: 0.048 kg/ metric tonne DRI
#

or: 1kg/TJ DRI

Both values are on a NCV (LHV) basis.
uced Iron (DRI) production

erials are available in Appendix C.

Metllaurgical coke consumption CO2 emissions

Amount (tonnes)* Carbon content* (tonnes)

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
er material must be consistent with eachother

the units in which the CH4 emission factors are expressed

kg/ metric tonne DRI
 Worksheet 8: Calculating GHG emissions from Iron and Steel production

CO2 emissions from Iron and Steel production

Please note that default values for the carbon contents of process materials are available in App

Facility Resource consumed in Iron and steel production

Resource Amount* Carbon content*

Coke
Coal injected into blast furnace
Example using Limestone
default values Dolomite
Carbon electrodes
Coke oven byproduct A
Coke oven byproduct B
Coke oven gas
0
Coke
Coal injected into blast furnace
Limestone
Dolomite
Carbon electrodes
Coke oven byproduct A
Coke oven byproduct B
Coke oven gas
0
Coke
Coal injected into blast furnace
Limestone
Dolomite
Carbon electrodes
Coke oven byproduct A
Coke oven byproduct B
Coke oven gas
0
Coke
Coal injected into blast furnace
Limestone
Dolomite
Carbon electrodes
Coke oven byproduct A
Coke oven byproduct B
Coke oven gas
0
 * The units in which the amount and carbon content of any given fuel or other material must be consiste

CH4 emissions from Pig Iron production

Total CH4 emissions
Facility Amount of Pig Iron produced* CH4 emission factor* Uncorrected for
Example using (kg CH4/ unit pig GWP (kg CH4)
default emission iron)
factor Facility A 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

* The units in which the amounts of sinter produced must be consistent with the units in which the CH4

Please note:
No default CH4 emission factor is available for pig iron production.
Facilities need not calculate their CH4 emissions from steel production as these are assume
teel production

aterials are available in Appendix C.

Blast furnace gas transferred

Steel produced at facility Iron not converted into steel offsite
Carbon
Amount* content* Amount* Carbon content* Amount* Carbon content*
 0
her material must be consistent with eachother

Total CH4 emissions

GWP corrected
(metric tonnes
CO2-e.)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
h the units in which the CH4 emission factors are expressed

oduction as these are assumed to be negligible.

CO2 emissions
(tonnes)

0
0
Appendix C: Default carbon contents for process materials

Carbon content (kg

Process material C/ kg material)
Blast Furnace Gas 0.17
Charcoal 0.91
Coal 0.671
Coal tar 0.62
Coke 0.83
Coke Oven gas 0.47
Coking Coal 0.73
Direct reduced Iron (DRI) 0.02
Dolomite 0.13
EAF Carbon Electrodes 0.822
EAF Charge Carbon 0.833
Fuel Oil 0.864
Gas Coke 0.83
Hot Briquetted iron 0.02
Limestone 0.12
Natural Gas 0.73
Oxygen Steel Furnace Gas 0.35
Petroleum Coke 0.87
Purchased pig Iron 0.04
Scrap Iron 0.04
Steel 0.01
 Worksheet 9: Calculating CO2 emissions from onsite lime production
This spreadsheet should be used to calculate the emissions fom onsite lime production. If plants
they should use Worksheet 10 instead.

User entry required

Non-editable cells

Please note that default values are listed at the bottom of this page

Carbonate Properties

Carbonate-
specific emission Amount of carbonate
Facility Unit Carbonate factor used (tonnes)
Example using default
values Facility A Unit I CaCO3 0.44 100

Total: 0

Default Values*

Fraction calcination achieved for carbonate: 1.0

Fraction calcination achieved for LKD 1.0
Weight fraction of original carbonate in the LKD: default derived as fraction of the raw

The default values for carbonate-specific emission factors are as follows:

 Carbonate Mineral name(s)
CaCO3 Calcite or aragonite
MgCO3 Magnesite
CaMg(CO3)2 Dolomite
FeCO3 Siderite
Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2 Ankerite
Na2CO3 Rhodochrosite
MnCO3 Sodium carbonate or soda ash

*, Source: IPCC 2006. mVolume 3, Chapter 2.

 lime production
site lime production. If plants do not have sufficient data to allow the use of this method

om of this page

Properties Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) Properties

Weight fraction of original Fraction calcination

Fraction calcination achieved Amount of LKD carbonate in the LKD achieved for LKD
for carbonate (fraction) (tonnes) (fraction) (fraction)

1 80 0.9 1

derived as fraction of the raw material feed that was comprised of CaCO 3

rs are as follows:
 Emission factor
(tonnes CO2/
Formual weight tonne carbonate)
100.0869 0.44
84.3139 0.52
184.4008 0.48
115.8539 0.38
185.0225 - 215.6160 0.40 - 0.48
114.947 0.38
106.0685 0.41
CO2 emissions
(tonnes)

44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 Worksheet 10: Calculating CO2 emissions from offsite lime production

This spreadsheet should be used to calculate the emissions associated with lime that is produced offsit
It may alternatively be used to estimate the CO2 emissions from onsite lime production, but only when i

User entry required

Non-editable cells

Please note that default values are listed at the bottom of this page

Lime properties

Amount produced
Facility Unit Lime type (tonnes)
High calcium
Example: Facility A Unit I lime 1200

Total: 0

Default Values*

Proportion of hydrated lime: 0.1

Water content of hydrated lime: 0.28
Lime Kiln Dust correction factor: 1.02

The default values for the stoichiometric ratio and the CaO/CaO

Stoichiometric Range of CaO content

Lime type ratio (fraction) (%)
High-calcium lime 0.785 93-98
Dolomitic lime 0.913 55-57

Hydraulic lime 0.785 65-92

Please note that custom values for the LKD correction factor can be calculated in th

*, Source: IPCC 2006. mVolume 3, Chapter 2.

 lime production

ed with lime that is produced offsite from the Iron and Steel production plant.
te lime production, but only when insufficient data exists to allow the use of the onsite-specific method (Worksheet 9)

Lime properties Correction for hydrated lime

CaO / CaO∙MgO content Stoichiometric ratio Proportion of hydrated lime

(fraction) (fraction) produced (fraction)

0.95 0.785 0.1

the CaO/CaO∙MgO content are lime-type specific and are as follows:

Default Value for
CaO / Cao·MgO
Range of MgO content (%) content (fraction)
0.3-2.5 0.95
38-41 0.95 (developed countries)
0.85 (developing countries)
NA 0.75
ction factor can be calculated in the tab (Appendix A)
nsite-specific method (Worksheet 9)

Correction for hydrated lime

Water content of hydrated lime Correction for Lime Kiln CO2 emissions
(fraction) Dust (LKD) (tonnes)

0.28 1.02 887.239656

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Summary of calculated emissions

This sheet summarises the calculated emissions from across the various components of the Iron and Steel manufa

GHG emissions (metric tonnes CO2-e.)

CO2 (biomass
Component CO2 (non-biomass) derived) CH4 N2O
Stationary combustion 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Flaring 0 - 0 -
Offsite coke production 0 - 0 -
Onsite coke production 0 - 0 -
Sinter production 0 - 0 -
DRI production 0 - 0 -
Iron and Steel production 0 - 0 -
Offsite lime production 0 - - -
Onsite lime production 0 - - -
Total across components: 0 0 0 0
nts of the Iron and Steel manufacturing process.

c tonnes CO2-e.)

Total emissions from component

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Calculating GHG emissions from Iron and Steel production: Version history

Version 1.0. June 2002.

Version 2.0. December 2007.

Version 2 is based on the methods and data contained in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for for National Greenhouse G
These Guidelines can be viewed at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl.
Version 2 introduces separate methods for calculating the GHG emissions from distinct components of the overall
manufacturing process, including metallurgical coke, sinter, DRI, and Iron and Steel production. Version 2 also now
of N2O emissions and the GHG emissions associated with stationary combustion and flaring.
or National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

omponents of the overall Iron and Steel

uction. Version 2 also now enables the calculation