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Chapter 7

I � 8 I lTRcl ii" ;sfur fciffl I


<f>eflljOj ►

ltl'1d :«lltWI al1T �


(Human Health and Disease)

i
� 1. �-�ftd\r-r�-��f�311tt Qtfi,qqi -O"rr'$��-�ai�"q�?

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�: �d>litd> � aft � � � faftr-:t aFl'-idl� JqJtr
(Various Public health measures to prevent Infectious Diseas�s)
(1) � 'U'Tf cfft 'Uq;� � @T{ a14il4i{UI en� cfiT � �I
c2> WT,�� am 'fflR � fclf'A � "tf{� Jr1TicJ � � � "1'1ijii.fl..:i.f cfil � cf;vlll
-e
(3) � wen cJiT � J:fcfiT{ f.rcR:m � (disposal of organic waste) cllFcl> c:llttlc:1<01 cli1' �
� '{lgf � m, �WT���� ma i,
-e
(4) \9ffl ����cf� 'SrcfiR ffl-� � 'ft;JQ: "1'1ijii.fl..:i.f qi)� �I �lffcfficfi �
cl ijl5;�i!'l1cfi � cfiT � �I
ya
(5) -0•1c:11gq,1· � � � � (�-l'FG1ft a� 1'R: 1lFft chl � � � �, � � � cfiT �
qivlJ ame'.) � 'SI@ '11;,ijji.fj;.q chl � �,
*� �
,AA -e
cfft d4cld:ldl t(Hf?l-cld cfwfll � &JU � 'U1U GfqfcJ ml '1fT �q;ffi f
� 2. � ai � � Qtfijqq; uiif 'i.1,1 f.tc.1f;=;ca cm- -q fin« 1fc6R'-gim\ (iijlc.ldl cfit t?
� = ;;ftq mR�Wl@ am; -e �m� Rm*��� p:@ � t, �<�> *
� am
id
sara:t'(ftq,,to, 4i,da,4t ���am;� -urn: cf;J -iu o<i � � cfK w:rr 1FU t, � <�>
* � � �, am � � m
�CtellRc.11, 91111f.tc.11 am; � q;) q;rqft lG'. acn FfllFS@ 'en\
mT 1FU ft ��-sfte.')fllifal (itllfi�cHl�\l1l) 1::RT �-� 3lR � �lffif � iRR � � w:lm«J tt
.Slfa�ftiibf (antibiotics)��� � chl ffl � 'TI� m ��ctn � Jrl11cit � ft
;;ftq���-etl °
<l•i'11.,cfi1 *���lllta��3ll�"tf{�chl���
*�
eV

� '1fT � t, t(l-,')��M Q,,oa1iiii:g\Gt q;r fct'q;ra, $.:e{QH,., q;r � ,:fi � "U'Ti -q: �
'ffi t,
� a. Pt�Rwt�a «irr'4iTlfcRUT�1@1't?
(cn)311fti@r (W) qtwfflc.11
( '1T) �4>Rttdl ( 'Q') .:,_111Ptc.111
�: (en)311fti@r (Amoebiasis)-� � 3'1ft1ft' a1ftR:nt (amoebic dysentery) q;r � �
�cf�*m:R�ilcflfl
(W) q#lflc.11 (Malaria)-'ffl' WT lfreJ q4N,c41i# � "$ � -e � ft
( '1T) ��Rttdl (Ascariasis)-� � i-tcl�lf qpf (faeco-oral route) � ft a:{lT,g 'Ulfi "$ �
� m!f ��fl@ °'11'@ i, � � -e � -e
fflU qiJ � � � �� lsAT l§R -e � mm t,
t
( 'Q') .:,_G1f.tc.11 (Pneumonia)-� €4i�Hd � '11T � ��i:f-lH (droplet infection) a� wit�
� * -e t,
w:rrir ilcfl

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4. {l'i"1'1qi � � ifR � llllRr (exposure) 'fflffl ti � � Jl� mJRT � lR a:rq� �
JJT�
� i:hl�lcfil���I �lfffitlaflG������lR'fflsf
���trmt1
s. � cf � JlfcR� 'it f,w;rn � mm �cf� JITTR:en 'if 1'lFrn mm t
< Q,UG1a.i:!1"'
t-�t-� "'R)
a«IMUl-lU'1cf 'if � � � � W{ 'if ffl 'q;1' ac{,6(01 :i:fRq 'if � 'qIT iffinu t" � JlRRe.ff1
"{tq,ffl ti� cfft �, � � 31R1. ��
cfft cf.; q;) ( tJ.U21atT�1"' cf� c:61�tc6t�)
"{fqffifl

<u> � 31R Plf�tsc.4 srfman 113RR

i
(Difference between Active and Passive Immunity)

rth
ino �� ��
li'o - (Active Immunity) (Passive Immunity)
1. � � � mR q,1 3Jq;ft c:61'1ltc6t� 'U1lJUj ��qij"{e.fft"�fcnm�;;ftq
t- JJftJ 'SITTR� � cfi«ft tm � Jlim qIT "SffiRlffl t-mR 'iraR�m�tt� qi)� '1fffi'i=m
���t, ����ti
2. � "SffiRlffl � mm t, � "SJ'lJcffl@t � � lffiRlffl � Jlcqfq � t,
� � 'it alf� � W@T t i
ya
3. ��qiTfct;litaFJ�cf;JmlRJ�cfwfT � "fflR qi) cfi\'ft-d q,fd'1i�<fi cf;J llllRr � �
�fl � t; �-�,
4. � 1il � � cfi«ft i-1 ( ct\efcti1dl1) �Jl\llq��t-�mart1
hS t-
a« <Ul-1Wlcl lf � afiilm JITa Jl@'{lffll a«,1<01 :qfJq � � �, fwR:r, �, �
aTifc{ 'U'T � ili:filiji<Of. IDU JffiRlffll
�9. �( 51fftfqug·)3tuJcnTar-sdttR1 :uqiFcfia ftar�1
*aft (wfa�os) 31UJ
id
'affl":
(Antibody Molecule)
ANTIGEN
BONDING SITE
eV

VARIABLE REGION OF LIGHT CHAIN


CONSTANT REGION OF LIGHT CHAIN

C C
ftBJ-s.1 :dR&ft�ilft�I

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� 10. cl'c6R-"«��f�&m1'Acr'q�ftrtnvj(�o 3lllocfto )cfiT�
llffit?
'a'ffl' : �oanfocfto cfiT � (Transmission of HIV)-Hi:ifutf&ct -mm' 3leJcfl � � ffl t­
(ci) � � � "$1 � �,
(lsl) ��� am:tf��% 3ll't1R (t:ransfusion ofcontaminated blood and its products) �,
('JJ) .. � (contaminated needles) ���-a�
fcf; a:Rr:mu IDU l1J (drug's) cir�
cm � % lJJ1@ -q,
(ef) �-i:nffl��%'@{il��-q1
� 11. 'cl'6'cf,'\-;r-m fa;q1fc1fll t°ftin:m�'fcrtnvj t1dif&id ����cfiT�cfmlTt?
'a'ffl': � % wtR -q Jr«ffl q;f.r % if1c:: � � � (macrophages) -q Jr«ffl 'q;UfT t, � �

i
3Tf{o1Ffo-q:o �, � 4i+11'aittG1 � qft � � lf���H mu �qiujcillf 61011:{o-q:o °GR@T t, "lffl' �

th
61011:{o-q:o' � chl�% �o1Ffo-q:o �m2f ���at qiT � q;uy � ffl cir��
t1 �-q�atq;y�'T1Rffl�t,���o�oqlocfilraR��-qq;mc6fflft�m2Jm
t
"Q;qo�oqlo �cft- M4'chluj311'-q � -� � aR@T t �ml@�� 'q;UfT "ti�ml@�
�� -q Wffi � � � f, � � ctm
ir-l1-E11cnluj� -q"{ � c6ffl �I � Rill ifR-ifR � � t �
� � � � -q ir-l1�1cntujdU (T-lymphocytes) qft � qiift ffl � t1 "lffl' chlNicfil� m&� a;:;r
qij q�-tq'{\Jf '1TTT �I � 'it-{14\i:hiujat q,1 �--q qiift 'WR� q;f{VJ oqfc@ �, fcllrroj, � cf2fl �
m � t, m � t ���-a
q('1fffq<-O. % � qij fflcfiR
ffl -q �� m � t, �
Q.Ui\iff-s1"1 � if{ 1llffll
y

ar
-itiit qft •� � � q;q
�at qft qiift ���alt qij � q � � 'tl@T arcr: �

� 12. Sl+I1q1...q itil�lchl fi"ffi cM�lchl fcfm 1l'cfiR' ftr-1'


'3TR: � �-q�� oITT: �� ��� oITT:��tl � ailfelchl3rr
m � t, �
(cancerous cells) -q � � �� �
i?
m
fcf;

chlNii:hl� � � (contact
3ltFft '{1ijf

inhibition) 'T1T qi)� q;un �I � 'T1T � cfiRlJT � ��alt�� 'ffllm 01Ch1 �A'-lf.:Sld � qi)
� � t, � mm t
�an-q � � fcf� 'ffilT ����at qij �if{�
t, �
��mm��� mm t,
� q��-q � aRr( ��-
id
• � � -q -q
t����
��mm t
• � � q21�me � q;un ci(ffl1
• � � -q ���an -q lJ1Gl q �,
-
• -� c:f>1Nli:hl� � � (apoptosis) � ";JID � �� chlr-<li:hi� ci«ft �I
w-t 13. qe.1� Ri� qif cflfT � t?
cEm§QT �·
eV

� : � � (Malignant tumours)- � � cf,1 chlNli:hl� � � � ffl t am: �


cfi«ft 't1 � Jrq;R % � (tumours) cfft c:f>lNlcfil� ��cl� IDU � � lR *��I � chlNii:hl�
��"tR;;nmf, �lR��aAAT���'tl �'T11 qa1�fli+1 (metastasis)�"t1 "l:J6�
��cf>T��'T1tfl
w-t 14. �N,'hffMI ��&RT� cm;)�� g1r.tchHch srqrcff cfit � �I
�: �cd>)ttiM/Ff � ttd?tct>i(d> R11Ta
(Harmful effects caused by Alcohol/Drugs)
t-
�-a ma
��&Tl1� � &IHcfil{cfi sr'1Jcl H"i�roid
�&:i,l�t-t,�� ollfcRt lR 3ffi �, �, &lc.itiR•id JN1cl �I��� �lliiMcfi cf�
JN1c1 ,n � � � er� q;) ,n 'W'IIfcm q;{ij ti � �
�-,,uf'1ii:h ct � �air q;y � 'i:h«fT ti
(1) Q.�&idt� % dltq;lfuti:h � JJ'lJcf 01eif�d "&Jcfffl, � am: mil�� -q �I cqc@ffl
(2) � �� � � -acR � � � {{Wl�{c!il -q;m), ��(mi�) 312Jcfl "l'ff51'1™1 &:fi
"'"""""",....

,t,N«,llq (� �) % 'cfiR11l �,�am:� -g) � t,


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