LIFE BEFORE THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Before we delve into our discussion let’s have a look at the following video that
briefly highlights and explains the first industrial revolution
 INDUSTRY 1.0
Key Characteristics of the First Industrial Revolution

• Technological
• Social and Cultural
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRY 1.0

Technological

• The use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel

• The use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such
as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-
combustion engine.
• The invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power
loom that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of
human energy.
• A new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed
increased division of labor and specialization of function.
• Important developments in transportation and communication, including
the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and
radio.
• The increasing application of science to industry. These technological
changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural resources
and the mass production of manufactured goods.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRY 1.0

Social and Cultural

• Agricultural improvements that made possible the provision of food for a

larger non-agricultural population
• Economic changes that resulted in a wider distribution of wealth, the decline
of land as a source of wealth in the face of rising industrial production, and
increased international trade
• Political changes reflecting the shift in economic power, as well as new state
policies corresponding to the needs of an industrialized society.
• Sweeping social changes, including the growth of cities, the development of
working-class movements, and the emergence of new patterns of authority.
• Cultural transformations of a broad order. Workers acquired new and
distinctive skills, and their relation to their tasks shifted; instead of being
craftsmen working with hand tools, they became machine operators, subject
to factory discipline.
• Finally, there was a psychological change: confidence in the ability to use
resources and to master nature was heightened.
 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

INDUSTRY 2.0
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRY 2.0

• The Second Industrial Revolution was as period of tremendous economic,

industrial, and technological advancement taking place between the end of
the American Civil War and the start of World War I.
• Considered to have been triggered by the invention of the Bessemer process
for the cost-effective production of steel and the associated expansion of the
U.S. railroad system, the period resulted in an unprecedented increase in
industrial production.
• Advancements in factory workflow, such as mass production, electrification,
and automation contributed to economic growth.
• The Second Industrial Revolution also gave rise to the first workplace safety
and work hours laws, including the prohibition of child labor.
 INDUSTRY 3.0

The Third Industrial Revolution, or Digital Revolution, began in the late

1900s and is characterized by the spread of automation and digitization
through the use of electronics and computers, the invention of the
Internet, and the discovery of nuclear energy. This era witnessed the rise
of electronics like never before, from computers to new technologies that
enable the automation of industrial processes. Advancements in
telecommunications led the way for widespread globalization, which in
turn enabled industries to offshore production to low-cost economies and
radicalize business models worldwide.
INDUSTRY 4.0 – THE PRESENT AGE
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Key Characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a way of describing the blurring of

boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.

It’s a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of

Things (IoT), 3D printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other
technologies.

It’s the collective force behind many products and services that are fast
becoming indispensable to modern life.

Think GPS systems that suggest the fastest route to a destination, voice-
activated virtual assistants such as Apple’s Siri, personalized Netflix
recommendations, and Facebook’s ability to recognize your face and tag you in
a friend’s photo
 INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by
machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert
systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.
HOW DOES AI WORK
 BIASES IN AI

• Coding Bias
• Social factors
• Historical data skewing the output of AI
• Rogue users or Troll’s
BIASES IN AI
 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMANS AND COMPUTERS

AI as it states is artificial; it does not have the ability to teach itself new
concepts or learn new things. The intelligence it was developed or built with
remains its intellectual level until it is redesigned or upgraded.

Human beings on the other hand has the ability to adjust and adapt to new
things and learn new things as and when they feel the need to . . .

This hurdle in computer sciences and technological evolutions gave birth to

what is now known as Machine Learning . . .
MACHINE LEARNING