Civil 713-2020 Assignment solution

Design selected elements of an Single Storey Long Span Commercial building in Auckland.

Amir ShahMohammadi (main designer)

Associate Professor Charles Clifton

1 June 2020

1
Brief:

A long span, single storey portal frame building with a footprint of 36m x 49m is planned for Auckland. It will accommodate retail activity.
See Figure 1 showing a sketch plan view of the building’s footprint.
See changes from all versions in red type.
Key features of the building are:
1. The building comprises a series of clear span portal frames in the transverse (36m span) direction with the end frames being the same as
the inner frames.
2. In the longitudinal direction, the building is to have a braced bay at each end.
3. Roof pitch for the rafters to be 3 Degrees. The canopy is to also have a pitch of 3 Degrees sloping upwards from the building line; ie the
outer edge of the canopy is higher than where it is attached to the structure.
4. Internal clear height to the underside of the rafter at the portal frame knee joints to be 6 metres.
5. The roof is to be long run steel sheeting supported on proprietary purlins spanning between the portal frames. The permanent loads on the
roof should be taken as: G = 0.2 kPa for the roofing and insulation + 0.1 kPa for the purlins as a UDL Gs = 0.2 kPa for building services and
suspended ceiling
6. The walls on each side are to be the following: a. Side 1 walls are long run steel sheeting supported on girts running from roof line to
100mm above the base of the walls. Side 1 wall also accommodates a 6m wide by 4m high roller door for deliveries.
b. Side 2 walls are same as side 1, but side 2 accommodates a 16m wide by 3m high entrance door and windows into the shop, which is
protected from rain by a cantilever canopy with the underside of the canopy beams 3.5m above ground level. The canopy extends 3m out
from the face of the building as shown in the sketch
c. Side 3 walls are long run steel sheeting supported on girts running from roof line to 100mm above the base of the walls and with no
openings.
d. Side 4 walls are singly reinforced precast concrete panels, 2.4 m wide and 0.15m thick, spanning from a pinned support at the base to a
horizontal eaves support at the top of the knee.

7. The roof is defined as R2 from AS/NZS 1170.1.

8. The building is of Importance Level 2 (IL2) to AS/NZS 1170.0 and has a design working life of 50 years. This requires the following
return periods for determination of wind and earthquake loading: a. For SLS1 earthquake loading: Required annual probability of
exceedance = 1/25 for NZS 1170.5 Table 3.5 or the Student Loadings Standard Table 3.5
b. For ULS earthquake loading: Required annual probability of exceedance = 1/500 for NZS 1170.5 Table 3.5 or the Student Loadings
Standard Table 3.5
c. For SLS wind loading R = 25 years for application of AS/NZS 1170.2 Table 3.1 or the Student Loadings Standard Table 3.1
d. For ULS wind loading R = 500 years for application of AS/NZS 1170.2 Table 3.1 or the Student Loadings Standard Table 3.1

9. For wind loading determination to AS/NZS 1170.2 or the Student Loadings Standard use the following location parameters: Building is
located in Region A6 for wind loading and the any direction wind direction multiplier shall be used. Location is Terrain Category 3, 50m
above sea level and with no shielding from adjacent objects. The side 1, 2, 3 walls are considered permeable to AS/NZS 1170.2; side 4 is
impermeable.
10. For earthquake loading determination to NZS 1170.5 use the following parameters: Building is located on Soil Class C in Auckland.
Recommended structural ductility factor for initial determination of seismic load = 1.0 and structural performance factor, Sp = 0.9. From
NZS 3404, for steel structures, Sp = 0.9 is used for category 4 structures, not Sp = 1 as calculated from the equation in NZS 1170.5. This is
because all steel structures to NZS 3404 are detailed to have some ductility and Sp is related to the detailing for ductility that is supplied. 11.
The building is located on the ground, with a pinned base portal frame. Slab on grade is to be designed by others. Ground ULS bearing
pressure = 100 kPa.
12. For design purposes, the centreline columns in the transverse direction can be taken as 0.5m in from the external envelope of the
building (ie from sides 2 and 4 in Figure 1) and the centreline of the end frames can be taken as 0.5m in from the end walls (ie from sides 1
and 3 in Figure 1)
13. The design Fire Load Energy Density (FLED) for this commercial use is 1200 MJ/m2 floor area and the area of windows in side 2 of the
building is 50 m2.

Tasks

No Task Marks

1 Determine the design layout for the portal frame structural system, to achieve the following: 15
1. The portal frames span the clear distance in the transverse direction.
2. There is a braced bay at each end of the structure.
3. Space the portal frames an equal distance apart along the length of the building
4. Make sure the spacing is such that there are at least 2 columns available to support the cantilever
beams for the canopy over the entrance
5. Space the purlins evenly along the rafters. The first purlin should be over the centreline of the column
and there should be two purlins 200 mm away from the apex on the rafter on each side of the apex.
6. The braced bays at each end should have the following details in the roof plane:
a. Be divided into a number of bays so that the diagonal braces are at an angle between 35 Degrees
and 55 Degrees from the plane of the portal frames
b. Comprise diagonal tension bracing and a compression strut so that they provide effective truss
action for loads acting along the longitudinal axis in either direction
c. The braced bay members will be connected into the web of the portal frame rafters as close as
practicable to the top flange of the rafter while allowing for fabrication access for welding and bolt
tightening

2
 7. The braced bays at each end should have the following details in the wall plane:
a. Be divided into a number of bays so that the diagonal braces are at an angle between 35 Degrees
and 55 Degrees from the plane of the portal frames
b. Comprise diagonal tension bracing and a compression strut so that they provide effective truss
action for loads acting along the longitudinal axis in either direction
c. The braced bay members will be connected into the web of the portal frame columns as close as
practicable to the outside flange of the column while allowing for fabrication access for welding and
bolt tightening

2 This task relates to the analysis and determination of design actions on one of the portal frames that 20 if computer
supports the cantilever canopy beams. If there are three portal frames supporting the canopy, take the analysis of the portal
middle frame for this task, frame is undertaken.
Analyse the portal frame in the plane of the frame using SAP or a similar program for the following two This option must be
Ultimate Limit State (ULS) load cases: used if you have
1) Maximum factored vertical loading [1.2G + 1.5Q] access to SAP or
2) Maximum combination of lateral loading from ULS earthquake or wind and vertical loading [1.0G + another suitable
Eu + ψEQ] or [1.2G + Wu + ψcQ] or [0.9G + Wu +ψcQ] program.
Analyse the portal frame in the plane of the frame for the following Serviceability Limit State (SLS) 10 if computer
load case: analysis is not done
3) [Ws + ψlQ] and the model actions
See AS/NZS 1170.0 for these cases. on the frame are used
For this analysis use rigid connections between the rafter and the knee and the appropriate rotational instead
spring stiffness at the column base for the nominally pinned column base connection and the
appropriate limit state.
3 Design the portal frame to resist these three load cases, including determining the restraint forces 15
required from the roofing system to provide resistance against lateral buckling of the portal frame. Use
the Student Steel Standard or NZS 3404. For the ULS cases, the structure must have sufficient strength
to resist the design action effects arising from the critical ULS load case.
If twist restraint to the portal frame columns at the location of the canopy is required for your column
design, design a suitable twist restraint member and the connection to the column
For the SLS cases, the vertical deflection at the apex must not exceed [portal frame span]/360. For the
permanent load case G, the portal frame may be precambered to stay within this limit. If this is needed,
specify a precamber amount needed to achieve this.
4 Design the cantilever beam supporting the canopy for the critical actions from either permanent load + 5
wind or maximum factored vertical loading

5 Analyse and design the roof bracing in an exterior bay to resist the greater of 1) the applied wind actions 10
on the gable end wall or 2) the longitudinal seismic actions on the building or 3) the restraint forces
required from providing restraint to the rafters. Note you are only required to design the roof bracing,
not the portal frames of the exterior bay which are the chords for the truss action developed in this
braced bay. This includes the tension members (use the Reidbrace charts) and the compression members
(use the SHS charts)

6 Design purlins for the following two load cases and locations and chose the case that requires the largest 5
purlin size or thickness from these two cases:
Case No 1: A purlin adjacent to the compression strut of the braced bay that lies close to or at mid-way
between the apex and the knee, for the downwards load case 1.2G + 1.5Q plus any axial restraining
forces on that purlin as it provides restraint to the rafters for this load case.
Case No 2: A purlin within the high local wind zone near the knee of the windward wall side given in
AS/NZS 1170.2 Figure 5.3 top left (wind blowing against the long side b of the building) for the 0.9G +
Wu,uplift case, including local area effects from RA1.
7 Design the portal knee connection between the rafter and the column and show the details. Use the MEP 15
tables to size the endplate for the rafter and then use the design procedure in section 2.2 of the notes to
determine the connection requirements for the column.

8 Sketch the connection concepts for the following two cases, showing key details on sizing and location 5
of components: i) Purlin to rafter connection; ii) the connection between the rafter, braced frame
tension diagonals and braced frame compression strut and where this gusset plate is in
relation to the purlin line above

9 Present a plan drawing of the structure and an elevation of the portal frame and canopy support beam 10
designed in step 4

Total if the computer analysis is undertaken using SAP or similar 100

Total if the model answer frame actions are used in Task No 3 instead of doing an analysis 90
I hope no-one is using this option.

3
 Task 1

3°

7.5
6.6

3.5
35

Grids D

1 2
35

0.5
8

B
8

side view 2
8

D
48
8

E
8

F
8

G
0.5

0.5 0.5

Figure 1a: Roof plan and elevation of the building

The roofing system over the braced bays has no openings or translucent sheeting and so is an effective
diaphragm for taking the restraint forces into the braced bay.

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 0.25
2.16 2.16 2.16
2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16
0.25 2.16

FB FB
FB FB
FB FB

2.16
Precast Wall

restraining channel restraining channel

Figure 1b: Purlins and Fly braces location

Task 2
Wind Load calculation on Grid D

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.1 =>

𝑉𝑉𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 45 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴6 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉500 )
𝑉𝑉𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 37𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴6 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉25 )

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.2 =>

𝑀𝑀𝑑𝑑 = 1 (𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑)

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 4.1 => 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚: 𝑀𝑀𝑧𝑧,𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑀𝑀6,3 = 0.83

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 4.3 => 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚: 𝑀𝑀𝑠𝑠 = 1 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑆𝑆 > 12)

BAS/NZS/NZS/NZSic wind pressure:

𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 𝑀𝑀𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀𝑧𝑧,𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑀𝑀𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑡𝑡 = 0.83 × 45 = 37𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈)

𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 30.4 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆)

𝑞𝑞𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 0.0006𝑉𝑉𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 2 = 0.6 × 372 = 0.82 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾

𝑞𝑞𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 0.0006𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 2 = 0.6 × 30.42 = 0.55 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾

Wind load on the elements

𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹: 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑞𝑞. �𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 𝐾𝐾𝑎𝑎 . 𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐,𝑒𝑒 − 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐,𝑖𝑖 � × 8𝑚𝑚

( 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝐾𝐾𝑎𝑎 . 𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐 = 0.8 ) , For Ka and Kc, see 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.4 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 5.5

5
Ka=0.8 and Kc=0.8~1=> 0.64 <Ka.Kc<0.8=> Ka.Kc=0.8
=> 𝑃𝑃 = 0.8 𝑞𝑞. �𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 − 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 � × 8𝑚𝑚

𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶: 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑞𝑞. 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑛𝑛 . 𝐾𝐾𝑎𝑎 × 8𝑚𝑚 , 𝐾𝐾𝑎𝑎 = 0.9 => 𝑃𝑃 = 0.9𝑞𝑞. 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑛𝑛 × 8𝑚𝑚

External pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 ) for Cross wind

-For windward wall �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.2(𝐴𝐴)�: 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = 0.7

-For leeward wall �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.2(𝐵𝐵)�: 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.5

-For roof in cross upward wind �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.3(𝐴𝐴)�:

0−ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.9

ℎ − 2ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.5
2ℎ − 3ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.3
3ℎ > 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.2
6.6 + 7.5
ℎ= ≈ 7𝑚𝑚
2
-For roof in cross downward wind �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.3(𝐴𝐴)�:

0−ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.4

ℎ − 2ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = 0
2ℎ − 3ℎ 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = 0.1
3ℎ > 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = 0.2

External pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 ) for Longitudinal wind

- For side wall �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.2(𝐶𝐶)�: Frame D is at 24m which is >3h therefore 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.2

For design of interior frame in bracing bays the average of -0.65 and -0.5 should be use.

-For roof �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.3(𝐴𝐴)�: Frame D is at 24m which is >3h therefore:

𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 0.2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.2

Net pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑛𝑛 ) on the Canopy

(𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐷𝐷8): 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑛𝑛 = −0.3 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑛𝑛 = 0.5

Internal pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 )

sides 1 to 3 are considered permeable and side 4 considered impermeable

(𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.1(𝐴𝐴)): 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.2

(𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.1(𝐴𝐴)): 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = −0.3

6
Cross wind upward (ULS):
Load 1: 0.8 × 0.82(0.7-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 × 6.5𝑚𝑚/2 =8.5 kN
Load 2: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.9-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-5.8 kN/m
Load 3: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.5-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-3.7 kN/m
Load 4: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.3-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-2.6 kN/m
Load 5: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.2-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-2.1 kN/m
Load 6: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.5-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-3.7 kN/m

Load 7: 0.9 × 0.82(-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-1.2 kN/m

Cross wind downward (ULS):
Load 8: 0.8 × 0.82(0.7+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =16.9 kN
Load 9: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.4+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-0.5 kN/m
Load 10: 0.8 × 0.82(0+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =1.6 kN/m
Load 11: 0.8 × 0.82(0.1+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =2.1 kN/m
Load 12: 0.8 × 0.82(0.2+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =2.6 kN/m
Load 13: 0.8 × 0.82(-0.5+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-1 kN/m
Load 14: 0.9 × 0.82(0.5) × 8𝑚𝑚 =2.6 kN/m
Longitudinal wind upward (ULS):
Load 15:0. 8 × 0.82(−0.2-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-6.8 kN/m
Load 16:0. 8 × 0.82(−0.2-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-2.1 kN/m
Load 17:0. 8 × 0.82(−0.2-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-2.1 kN/m
Load 18: 0.9 × 0.82(-0.2) × 8𝑚𝑚 =-1 kN/m
Longitudinal wind downward (ULS):
Load 19:0. 8 × 0.82(−0.2+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =1 kN

Load 20:0. 8 × 0.82(0.2+0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =1.3 kN/m

Load 21:0. 8 × 0.82(−0.2-0.3) × 8𝑚𝑚 =0.3 kN/m
Load 22: 0.9 × 0.82(0.5) × 8𝑚𝑚 =2.6 kN/m
wind (SLS)
Cross wind upward (SLS)=0.67. Cross wind upward (ULS)
Cross wind downward (SLS)=0.67. Cross wind downward (ULS)
Longitudinal wind upward (SLS)=0.67. Longitudinal wind upward (ULS)
Longitudinal wind downward (SLS)=0.67. Longitudinal wind downward (ULS)
Frictional drag in the longitudinal direction is calculated on page 21.

7
 7 7 7

load 2 load 3 load 4

load 5
load 1
load 7

load 6

Cross wind upward

7 7 7

load 9 load 10 load 11

load 12
load 8
load 14

load 13

Cross wind downward

load 16

load 15
load 18

load 17

Longitudinal wind upward

load 20

load 19
load 22

load 21

Longitudinal wind downward

* Concrete wall spans the wind load to its top and bottom then the wind load should be applied to the knee joint as shown

Figure 2: Wind load on Grid D

8
 Column base rotational stiffness

Model 1: For working out the moments in the columns, rafters and foundation for any loading condition at the
ultimate limit state
0.2𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 0.2 × 2𝑒𝑒8 × 7.61𝑒𝑒 − 4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾𝜃𝜃 = = = 4832
𝐿𝐿 6.3 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Model 2: For vertical load induced deflections at the serviceability limit state
0.4𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾𝜃𝜃 = = 9664
𝐿𝐿 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Model 2: For lateral load induced deflections at the serviceability limit state
1.67𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝐾𝜃𝜃 = = 40347
𝐿𝐿 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Seismic Load calculation on Grid D

0.2𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐿
=> T=0.94 (ULS)

𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.5, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.1 => Ch(T)=1.25

𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.5, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.3 => Z=0.13
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.5, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.5 => Ru=1 , Rs=0.25
D>20Km=> N(T,D)=1
Sp=0.9 (ULS) and Sp=0.7 (SLS)
C(T)=Ch(T)ZRN(T,D)=1.25x0.13x1 x1=0.163 (ULS)

C(T)=Ch(T)ZRN(T,D)=1.25x0.13x0.25 x1=0.041 (SLS)

Cd(T)=C(T)Sp/Kµ=0.163 x0.9/1=0.147 (ULS)

Cd(T)=C(T)Sp/Kµ=0.041 x0.7/1=0.029 (SLS)

FE=Seismic mass x Cd(T)

Seismic weight: Seismic weights are lumped at the joints according to the following loads.
G load (4kN/m) + frame self weight (1 kN/m) + upper half of the concert panel (95 kN) + upper half of the metal clad (8 kN)

9
 Loads Display

Figure 3a: Seismic load (Eu)

Eu/Es =0.147/0.029=>Es=0.2Eu

*Self-weight is excluded. Self-weight is added automatically by software

Figure 3b: Dead Load

L=25m

∗ 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.5, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 3.2 => L=200/(35x8)x35=25m

Figure 3c: Live Load (Q)

10
 Figure 3d: Wind Cross up
Ws=0.67Wu

Figure 3e: Wind Cross down

Ws=0.67Wu

Figure 3f: Wind Longitudinal up

Ws=0.67Wu

11
 Figure 3g: Wind Longitudinal down
Ws=0.67Wu

Second Order actions diagrams

P-delta analysis is performed using SAP2000. In compliance with NZS 3404 Appendix E, this
takes into account the following:
• Changes to the effective stiffness of the members due to the compression loads in them
(implementing stability functions); and
• Changes in the frame geometry under the design loads and the resulting changes in the
design actions due to the changing frame geometry (large displacement analysis)
• The appropriate setting must be made in SAP to generate these results.
• An alternative is to undertake a first order elastic analysis (which is the default SAP
option) and to then apply the moment magnification provisions of NZS 3404 Clause
4.4.3.3.2 (a) (iii) for load combinations including earthquake and Clause 4.4.3.3.2 (b) for
the load combinations including earthquake. (In the latter case P-delta is not required to
be considered from NZS 1170.5 for this building due to the category 4 seismic design).
0.2𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
* 𝐾𝐾𝜃𝜃 = is used for working out the action diagrams
𝐿𝐿

Load combinations:
1) 1.2G+1.5Q (This was the critical case)
2) 1.2G+Wind cross down
3) 1.2G+Wind longitudinal down
4) 0.9G+Wind cross up
5) 0.9G+Wind longitudinal up
6) G+E

Figure 4a: Moment diagram under 1.2G+1.5Q

12
 Figure 4b: Shear force diagram under 1.2G+1.5Q

Figure 4c: Axial force diagram under 1.2G+1.5Q

Figure 5a: Moment diagram under 0.9G+Wind cross up

Figure 5b: Shear diagram under Wind cross up

13
Figure 5c: Axial diagram under Wind cross up

Figure 6a: Moment diagram under G+E

Figure 6b: Shear diagram under G+E

Figure 6c: Axial diagram under G+E

14
 Figure 7a: Moment diagram under 1.2G+Wind cross down

Figure 7b: Shear diagram under 1.2G+Wind cross down

Figure 7c: Axial diagram under 1.2G+Wind cross down

Figure 8a: Moment diagram under 1.2G+Wind longitudinal down

15
 Figure 8b: Shear diagram under 1.2G+Wind longitudinal down

Figure 8c: Axial diagram under 1.2G+Wind longitudinal down

Deflection Check

Table 1: Deflection check

From the
Critical cases model with Displacement (mm) Limit
Kθ=…

1 wind cross up (SLS) 1.67EI/L 3 Spacing/200=40mm

1 Es (SLS) 1.67EI/L 4 Spacing/200=40mm
1 Eu (ULS) 0.2EI/L 33 0.025xheight=165mm
2 wind cross up (SLS) 0.4EI/L 56 Span/360=100mm
-145
2 G 0.4EI/L Span/360=100mm
(at least 45mm preset must be applied)
3 wind cross down (SLS) 0.4EI/L -17 L/150=20mm
-21
3 G 0.4EI/L L/360=8mm
(at least 13mm preset must be applied)

16
 Figure 9a: Deflected shape due to G

Figure 9b: Deflected shape due to Wind cross up

17
 Task3
Design of the rafter adjacent to the knee

18
19
***SAP result is almost 5% over because SAP checks the Combined actions check irrespective
of considering the axial force significance according to NZS3404 clause 8.1.4. Check with
MemDes for more accurate result.

Design of the rafter adjacent to the apex

20
Column design

21
22
Design of twist restraint for the column at the canopy level

Twist restraint is not required as the capacity ratio doesn’t change in column design check when
Lx=Ly=6m compared to Lx=6m and Ly=2.4m. However, a twist restraint is designed in this
tutorial using PFC section to indicate how to design a twist restraint when fly bracing cannot
be applied adjacent to the concrete walls.

(Clause 5.4.3.2 NZS3404)

M=420 kN.m
Fcritical flange= 0.025x420000/(602-15)=715 kN
Frestraint= 0.025x715=18 kN
Mx,restraint= 18 x (602-15)/2=5.3 kN.m (due to the column twist)
My,restraint= 0.18(kN/m) x 8m2/8=1.5 kN.m (due to the PFC self-weight)
Bolt shear=Vb=M/s=5.3x1000/100=53 kN=>M20
s=bolt spacing=100mm

23
24
 Task 4
Design of the Canopy beam

25
 Task 5

Design of the bracing bay

Forces on the bracing bays due to wind load on end walls (Pe)

Pe3 Pe2 Pe1 Pe2 Pe3

+ + + + +
Pf3 Pf2 Pf1 Pf2 Pf3

working out end wall forces

tributary areas for
Ae3 Ae2 Ae1 Ae2 Ae3
7.5

6.8

7.3
6.6

7.3

6.8

6.6

4.45 8.85 8.85 8.85 4.45

working out frictional drag forces

d-4h=21m

tributary areas for

Af4 Af4 Af2 Af1 Af2 Af3

Wall roof

Cf=0.01 Cf=0.02 Cf=0.02 Cf=0.02 Cf=0.02 Cf=0.02

6.6 6.6
Metal clad
Precast wall
(corrugated)

Figure 10: Tributary areas for working out end wall and frictional drag forces

External pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 ) for leeward wall �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.2(𝐴𝐴)�: 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 = −0.5

External pressure coefficient (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 ) for leeward wall �𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.1(𝐴𝐴)�: 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 = 0.2

26
*The wind in leeward wall (suction) is producing compression in the inner rafter of the bracing bay
therefore it is more critical than the windward wall.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑞𝑞. �𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑒𝑒 − 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑖𝑖 � × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/2

65
𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒1 = 0.82(−0.5 − 0.2) × = 19𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2
63
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃2 = 0.82(−0.5 − 0.2) × = 18𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2
30
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃3 = 0.82(−0.5 − 0.2) × = 9𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2

Forces on the bracing bays due to frictional drag (Pf)

Frictional drag force is split in either direction of the building

h= 7m, b=36, d=48

(𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴/𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁1170.2, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 5.9): d/h>4 or b/h>4=> Frictional Drag shall be calculated

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 0.5(𝑞𝑞. 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴)

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃2 = 0.5(0.82.0.02 × 186) = 1.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃3 = 0.5(0.82.0.01 × 162) = 0.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃4 = 0.5(0.82.0.01 × 93) + 0.5(0.82.0.01 × 69) = 1.1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

P= Pe+Pf
P1=19+1.5=21 kN
P2=18+1.5=20 kN
P3=9+average(1.1,0.7)=10 kN

27
Seismic Load calculation on bracing bay

Seismic force is split in between the two braced bays at either end of the building
The period T1 must be calculated for the longitudinal direction. This can be done using the empirical
equation for a braced frame structure from NZS 1170.5 Supplement Clause C4.1.2.1. The relevant
equation is T1 = 1.25*0.05*hn0.75 where hn = height to centreline of knee = 6.3 m. This gives T1 =
0.25 seconds. This will be slightly lower than that from SAP but means you don’t need to do a full
analysis of the building in the longitudinal direction from SAP. (The period from SAP for this design
is 0.35 seconds).

From the NZS 1170.5 spectrum for soil class C, both are at the flat peak of the curve so Cn(T = 0.25
seconds or 0.35 seconds) = 2.36.
𝑇𝑇 = 0.35 𝑆𝑆 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2000) => Ch(T)=2.36

C(T)=Ch(T)ZRN(T,D)=2.36x0.13x1 x1=0.307 (ULS)

Cd(T)=C(T)Sp/Kµ=0.307 x0.9/1=0.276 (ULS)

Seismic weight: Seismic weights are:

Roof: G load (0.5kPa) + frame self weight (0.125 kPa) =0.625 kPa

Metal wall: G load (0.3kPa) + frame self weight (0.1 kPa) =0.4 kPa

Concrete wall: G load (3.6kPa) + frame self weight (0.1 kPa) =3.7 kPa

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Roof seismic weight=0.625x49x36=1102 kN

Metal wall (side and ends) seismic weight (upper half) =0.5x0.4x(48x6.6+36/2 x 6.6)=87 kN

Concrete wall plus half of end walls seismic weight (upper half) =(0.5x3.7x48x6.6)+(0.5x36/2 x 6.6)=645 kN

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fe=Seismic mass x Cd(T)
(0.276×1102)
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹1 = 0.5 × =39kN
4

(0.276×1102)
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹2 = 0.5 × + 0.5 × (0.276 × 87)=31kN
8

(0.276×1102)
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹3 = 0.5 × + 0.5 × (0.276 × 645)=108kN
8

Fe3 Fe1 Fe1 Fe1 Fe2

28
Restraint Forces Required and Braced Bay Design Actions

For 1.2G+1.5Q:
A) Restraint force due to bending
Considering 4330mm effective length for bending and 8660mm for axial force, the capacity ratio of
the section is almost equal to 1 (see Memdes result). For the length of rafter between two adjacent fly
braces we need one lateral restraint in the middle of that length to develop phiMbx > M* but we have
purlins at half that spacing, so the restraint force of 33kn can be shared between two purlins in either
side of the frame (16.5 kN each). For the other quarter of the rafter the values are declined to 16.5/2
and 16.5/4 as the moment is less.

For the moment and forces diagram see Figure 4

The building has 6 bays then=> (0.025 + 0.025/2 + 0.025/4)N <0.1 N:

Restraining forces due to purlin lines providing lateral restraint in bending:
= (0.025 + 0.025/2 + 0.025/4)xM/(d-t)= 0.044x 441000/(602-14)=33 KN

Over the central region of high and constant uniform moment, the restraints against bending are
required at 4330 mm; however restraints are at half that so two purlin lines participate in providing
the lateral restraint against bending=>Maximum restraining force required per purlin line = 33/2 =
16.5 kN. The apex double line of purlins are one purlin line for restraining force; shared over two
purlins.

16.5
16.5/2 16.5 16.5. 16.5 16.5 16.5/2
16.5/4 16.5/4

Figure 11: Restraint forces location due to positive bending on the braced bay (The forces will be lumped and
combined with the axial restraint force at the apex and ¼ point in SAP2000 model in figure 13)

29
B) Restraint force due to axial force

Figure 12: Restraint forces location due to the axial force on the braced bay

Note: the restraint forces from Figure 8 + Figure 9 are applied to the braced bay to determine
the restraint design actions in the braced bay truss which are additive to the actions from the
frame action.
Because the braced bay roofing system is an effective diaphragm for transfer of restraint
forces, no minor axis bending is generated in the rafters. The restraining forces for
determining the truss action in the braced bay members are shown in Figure 13.

MemDes check for the critical segment adjacent to the rafter apex.

30
31
MemDes check for the critical segment adjacent to the rafter knee.

32
33
Design of interior rafter in bracing bay

From Figure 11 and 12, 72=4x16.5+6 and 27=16.5/4+16.5+6

Figure 13: Restraint forces location due to the positive bending and axial force on the interior frame of the
bracing bay (1.2G+1.5Q)

Figure 14: compression force on the interior rafter due to restraint forces

34
Design of Compression struts and roof and wall bracing

Figure 16: End forces due to seismic load in longitudinal direction for the design of roof bracing and
compression struts

Figure 17: Axial force in the bracing bay elements due to longitudinal seismic force

maximum compression force in struts: 88 kN (side struts)

maximum tension force in roof bracings: 85 kN (side roof bracings)

maximum tension force in wall bracings: 113 kN (side roof bracings)

=>For roof and wall braces, use Reidbrace 16 (112kN design tension capacity) with 10mm ply plate and
M16x75 bolt. On the east side of the building concrete wall is resisting the longitudinal force therefore no
bracing is required in this side.

35
Design of Compression struts by Memdes:

36
 Task 6
Purlin design

Case No1:
Loadings:
G=0.5 kPa Q=0.25 kPa qwind=0.82 kPa
Local pressure factor (kl)=> Table 5.6 AS/NZS1170.2

kl=1.5(RA1) for negatives pressure and kl=1 for positive pressures

a= min(0.2b,0.2d,h)=7m

Wind uplift case: Maximum wind up occurs at the downwind purlins under longitudinal wind

=> Cp,e=-0.9 Cp,i=0.2

Wu up=q.Cp,e.Kc,e Kl – q.Cp,i. Kc,i =(0.82 x-0.9 x 1.5 x 0.9)-(0.82 x-0.2 x 0.9) =-1.14 kPa

Wind down case: Maximum wind up occurs at the upwind purlins under longitudinal wind => and Cp,e=0.2 and
Cp,i=-0.3

Wu down= q.Cp,e. Kc,e .Kl – q.Cp,i. Kc,i =0.82 x0.2 x 1 x 0.9+0.82 x0.3 x 0.9=0.37 kPa

ULS:

37
Loading case1=1.2G+1.5Q=1.2(0.5) + 1.5(0.25) =0.98 kPa (compression force is 16.5kN)

Loading case 2=1.2G+W down=1.2(0.5) + (0.37) =0.97 kPa (compression force is 20kN)

Loading case 3=0.9G+W up=0.9(0.5) + (-1.14) =-0.7 kPa (compression force is 20kN)

SLS:

Loading case 1=G x 300/150=0.5 x 300/150=1 kPa for controlling L/300 (Diamond tables are based on
L/150)

Loading case 2=Wu up x 200/150 x 0.69= -1.14 x 1.33 x 0.67= -1.02 kPa for controlling L/200 (Diamond
tables are based on L/150)

Strength check:
N*=16.5 kN

Wx*=2.06m x 0.98 kPa =2.02 kN/m

Try DHS 300/18 with FR brace (Under 1.2G+1.5Q the top flange is in compression flange) => fbWb x=3.05
kN/m and fcNc=89.5 kN fcNex=363.3 kN
𝑁𝑁∗ 16.5
= = 0.18 > 0.15 →
𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐 89.5

𝑁𝑁∗ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑥𝑥∗ 2.02

𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 + ≤ 1 → 0.18 + = 0.88 ok
𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 𝑊𝑊𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 .𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 3.05𝑥𝑥0.95

Cm=1 , anx=0.95

Deflection check:
from the table, load at the deflection of L/150 (Ws) is 5.5 kN/m. Loading case 2 (SLS) is the governing
case for deflection therefore:
1.02 kPa 𝑥𝑥 2.06m
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1 => 0.38 < 1 => 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
5.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Case No2:
Loadings:
G=0.5 kPa Q=0.25 kPa qwind=0.82 kPa
Local pressure factor (kl)=> Table 5.6 AS/NZS1170.2

kl=1.5(RA1) for negatives pressure and kl=1 for positive pressures

a= min(0.2b,0.2d,h)=7m

38
Wind uplift case: Maximum wind up occurs at the downwind purlins under longitudinal wind

=> Cp,e=-0.9 Cp,i=0.2 Ka=1

Wu up=q.Cp,e.Ka.Kc,e Kl – q.Cp,i. Kc,i =(0.82 x-0.9 x 1.5 x 0.9)-(0.82 x-0.2 x 0.9) =-1.14 kPa

Wind down case: Maximum wind up occurs at the upwind purlins under longitudinal wind => and Cp,e=0.2 and
Cp,i=-0.3

Wu down= q.Cp,e. Kc,e .Kl – q.Cp,i. Kc,i =0.82 x0.2 x 1 x 0.9+0.82 x0.3 x 0.9=0.37 kPa

ULS:

Loading case1=1.2G+1.5Q=1.2(0.5) + 1.5(0.25) =0.98 kPa (compression force is 0kN)

Loading case 2=1.2G+W down=1.2(0.5) + (0.37) =0.97 kPa (compression force is 0kN)

Loading case 3=0.9G+W up=0.9(0.5) + (-1.14) =-0.7 kPa (compression force is 0kN)

SLS:

Loading case 1=G x 300/150=0.5 x 300/150=1 kPa for controlling L/300 (Diamond tables are based on
L/150)

Loading case 2=Wu up x 200/150 x 0.69= -1.14 x 1.33 x 0.67= -1.02 kPa for controlling L/200 (Diamond
tables are based on L/150)

Strength check:
N*=0 kN

Wx*=2.06m x 0.97 kPa =2.01 kN/m

Try DHS 300/15 with 1 brace=> fbWb x=2.02 kN/m and fcNc=68 kN

𝑁𝑁 ∗ /𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐 = 0 < 0.15 →

𝑁𝑁∗ 𝑊𝑊𝑥𝑥∗ 2.01
𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 + ≤1→0+ = 0.99 ok
𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 𝑊𝑊𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 2.02

Deflection check:

39
From the table, load at the deflection of L/150 (Ws) is 4.29 kN/m. Loading case 2 (SLS) is the
governing case for deflection therefore:
1.02 kPa 𝑥𝑥 2.06m
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1 => 0.38 < 1 => 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
5.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚

Summary: Purlin sizes.

For the braced bays use a DHS300/18 with one brace line
For the non braced bays use a DHS300/15 with one brace line

Purlin load charts for UDL and axial compression over the page.

40
41
 Task 7

Connection design using Civil 713 2020 Vol2 Notes

Description designation value unit Note

Adjacent to free end? Yes/No yes
Seismic Category Category 4
Beam Moment 1 ØM*con 1 749 kN.m
Beam Moment 2 (zero if one side of the column
ØM*con 2 0 kN.m
has beam)
Beam Shear 1 ØV*con1 134 kN.m
Beam Shear 2 (zero if one side of the column has
ØV*con2 0 kN.m
beam)
Column axial force N*col 149 kN

Column shear force V*col 125 kN

Bolt size M36 36 mm
End plate Thickness ti 32 mm
Bolt gauge Sg 140 mm

42
Moment end plate /column Width check

Column flange width bfc 228 mm Just slightly over, then

Required Column flange width bfc,req 248 mm can be accepted)

Preliminary design check on column flange transverse tension capacity when stiffened with tension stiffener
Column flange thickness tfc 14.98 mm Not OK then additional
split backing plate is
Required column flange thickness tfc,req 21.8 mm required
Adjacency factor C3 1
Overstrength factor Øoms 1

beam flange thickness tfb 14.8 mm

End plate yield stress fyi 300 MPa

Column flange yield stress fy,cf 300 MPa

Sizing of horizontal stiffeners resisting compression and tension
minimum width of each stiffener bs,min 97 mm

Maximum width of each stiffener bs,max 109 mm

Beam flange thickness bfb 228 mm

Column web thickness twc 10.6 mm

Stiffener is required
Column web thickness limit for no stiffener twc,req 22.0 mm

fillet weld thickness between beam flange to end

twf 0 mm
plate (if butt weld then twf=0)

Beam flange area Afb 3374 mm2

Beam flange yield stress fyb 300 MPa

Stiffener yield stress fys 300 MPa

Area of pair for compression stiffeners Asc 1745 mm2

Area of the pair of tension stiffeners between bolt
Ast 1948 mm2
rows 1 and 2
effective length of web resisting tension Ltw 342 mm
minimum stiffener thickness to prevent local
ts,min 7 mm
buckling
category factor C1 15
Supplied stiffener thickness ts,supplied 10 OK

Supplied stiffener thickness bs,supplied 105 OK

double Fillet weld size between stiffener and
tw,s,cf,supplied 10 mm OK
column flange
Shear flow V*w,s,cf 1.35 kN/mm

Weld capacity for E48xx category SP ØVw 1.6 kN/mm

Fillet weld size between stiffener and column web tw,s,cw,supplied 5 mm OK

Shear flow V*w,s,cf 0.2 kN/mm

Weld capacity for E48xx category SP ØVw 0.8 kN/mm

Clear distance between column flanges d1c 544 mm

Column depth dc 602 mm
Beam number factor C2 2

43
Design of column horizontal stiffeners to resist
tension
Check column flange adequacy
1) determination of design tention action on
each bolt row
Design moment M* 832 kN.m
A 505 mm
B 415 mm
Beam depth db 603 mm

Flange offset pf 90 mm

Bolt pitch sp 90 mm

Design tension action on bolt row 1 N*r1 549 kN

Design tension action on bolt row 2 N*r2 549 kN

Design tension action on bolt row 3 N*r3 451 kN

Overall design tension action on bolt rows N*c 1548 kN

2)Determination of column flange tension
adequacy
a)Calculation of effective tee stub length
for row 1
effective length of yield line for column flange tee
Leff,cf 258 mm
stub
effective length of yield line for backing plate tee
Leff,bp 238 mm
stub
backing plate thickness tbp 20 mm tbp<1.5tfc=>OK

Flange offset af 55 mm

Root radius of rolled column rc 14 mm

distance from bolt centre to edge of column
e 44 mm
flange
ex 65 mm
m1 53.5 mm

m21 47.0 mm
λ1 0.55
λ2 0.48
α 5.75
for row 2
effective length of yield line for column flange tee
Leff,cf 216 mm
stub
effective length of yield line for backing plate tee
Leff,bp 191 mm
stub
tbp>1.5tfc=>Just slightly
backing plate thickness tbp 25 mm
over, can be accepted
L1 269
L2 281
m22 72 mm
λ1 0.55
λ2 0.74
α 5.25

44
for row 3
effective length of yield line for column flange tee
Leff,cf 180 mm
stub
effective length of yield line for backing plate tee
Leff,bp 180 mm
stub
backing plate thickness tbp 25 mm
b)tension resistance of the column flange
Check for row 1
Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode
ØNr,mode1 573 kN
1 (Complete flange yielding; no bolt extension)
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpc 3.91 kN.m
column flange tee stub
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpbp 7.50 kN.m
backing plate tee stub
ƞ 1.00
Column tension capacity ØNs 3482 kN
Kf 1
Column section area An 12895 mm2

Backing plate yield stress fy,bp 350 MPa

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode2 568 kN
2 (Partial flange yielding; partial bolt extension)
n 44 mm
bolt design tension capacity ØNtf 541 kN
ƩØNtf 1081 kN

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode3 1081 kN
3 (No flange yielding; full bolt extension)
Mode3 is not
design tension capacity of the column flange for
ØNr 568 kN critical,=>OK
bolt row 1
Capacity OK
Check for row 2
Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode
ØNr,mode1 597 kN
1 (Complete flange yielding; no bolt extension)
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpc 3.3 kN.m
column flange tee stub
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpbp 9.4 kN.m
backing plate tee stub
Backing plate yield stress fy,bp 350 MPa

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode2 555 kN
2 (Partial flange yielding; partial bolt extension)

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode3 1081 kN
3 (No flange yielding; full bolt extension)
Mode3 is not
design tension capacity of the column flange for critical=>OK
ØNr 555 kN
bolt row 1
Capacity OK
Check for row 3
Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode
ØNr,mode1 534 kN
1 (Complete flange yielding; no bolt extension)
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpc 2.7 kN.m
column flange tee stub

45
design plastic moment capacity of equivalent
ØMpbp 8.8 kN.m
backing plate tee stub
Backing plate yield stress fy,bp 350 MPa

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode2 544 kN
2 (Partial flange yielding; partial bolt extension)

Tension resistance of the column flange for Mode

ØNr,mode3 1081 kN
3 (No flange yielding; full bolt extension)
Mode3 is not
design tension capacity of the column flange for critical=>OK
ØNr 534 kN
bolt row 1
Capacity OK
Calculation of column web adequacy
Column web capcaity For bolt row 3 in a three
bolt connection, with a horizontal stiffener ØNr3,cw 522 kN OK
between bolt rows 1 and 2

Lt,3 171 mm

column web yield stress fy,cw 320 MPa

Flange backing plate width and length
Backing plate width bbp 109 mm
length of the backing plate L’bp above the row 1
L'bp1 126 mm
bolt centreline
Because the joint is subject to reversing moment,
the second backing plate is made continuous
between the horizontal stiffeners
Column panel zone
Panel zone shear force V*p 1149 kN
OK
panel zone design shear capacity ØVc 1212 kN
Doubler plate yield stress fyp 300

Doubler plate effective yield stress f*yp 318 MPa

Doubler plate thickness tp 1 mm can be ignored

Number of doubler plates n 1
Weld between the horizontal stiffener and column
web on the side into which the doubler plate is min dwicp 5.5 mm
fitted.
Welds between the top and bottom of the
doubler plate and the column/horizontal min dw1 1.0 mm
stiffeners.
Welds between the sides of the doubler plate and
dw2 butt
the column flange/web junction
Not OK=>plug weld is
Doubler plate slenderness λdp 596
required (Not applicable)
Plug weld diameter dplug FALSE mm

So connection is a 100/50 MEP but with the bolts size increased from M30 to M36.

46
Task 8 (Detailing)

47
 A

DHS300/18

B
GUSSET PLATE
RB16
125x125x5SHS

610UB101

GUSSET PLATE 610UB101 (bottom flange)

150x350x10

RB16

125x125x5SHS

B-B

DHS300/18
bf/2

Slotted GUSSET PLATE

150x350x10

610UB101

A-A

DSH300x18 300x100x6 2M16 8.8S

M16 8.8/S

75x5EA

8mm gusset plate M16 8.8/S

48
 48000

8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000

200x5SHS 200x5SHS

DHS 300/18

RB
RB

RB
RB

16
16

16
16
DHS 300/18

610UB101
DHS 300/18

610UB101
610UB101

610UB101
610UB101
200x5SHS DHS 300/18 200x5SHS

DHS 300/18

RB
RB

RB
RB

16
16

16
16

DHS 300/18

DHS 300/18

200x5SHS DHS 300/18 200x5SHS

200x5SHS DHS 300/18 200x5SHS

49
35625
DHS 300/18

RB
RB

RB
RB

16
16

16
16

610UB101
610UB101

610UB101
610UB101

610UB101
DHS 300/18
Task 9

DHS 300/18

ROOF PLAN
200x5SHS DHS 300/18 200x5SHS

DHS 300/18

RB
RB

RB
RB
Plan and Elevation drawings

16
16

16
16

DHS 300/18

DHS 300/18

200x5SHS DHS 300/18 200x5SHS

15995 16000 15995

 MEP connection

MEP connection MEP connection

610UB101
610UB101 Fly Brace Fly Brace
Fly Brace Fly Brace
Fly Brace Fly Brace
6571

Fly Brace
6000
restraining channel restraining channel
200UB18

3500
610UB101
610UB101

33625

50
 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS

610UB101

610UB101

610UB101

610UB101
610UB101

610UB101
610UB101

West view

200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS 200x5SHS

RB RB
16 16
Canopy edge

610UB101

610UB101

610UB101

610UB101
610UB101

610UB101
610UB101

16 16
RB RB

East view

51
52