Duhok Polytechnic University

1st stage/2nd Semester

Fundamental Of Nursing

Oxygenation

Prepared By
Nursing Team
Oxygen Therapy
What is the oxygen therapy ?
❖Oxygen is a life saving drug for hypoxemic patients.
(Patients whose oxygen levels are low).

❖Goal of oxygen therapy to maintain adequate body

tissue oxygenation.

❖Giving too much oxygen is unnecessary & can lead to

lung damage, it's also called oxygen poisoning.
Oxygen Delivery System
A-Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula
Nasal Cannula: consists of two prongs protruding from the
center of a disposable tube and inserted into the nostrils.
The nasal cannula allows breathing through the mouth or
nose, is available for all age groups, and is adequate for short-
or long-term use.
Equipment:-
• Flow meter connected to oxygen supply(outlet oxygen)
• Humidifier, distilled water.
• Nasal cannula and tubing
• Gauze to pad tubing over ears .
• PPE, as indicated
Parts Nasal cannula:-
 Implementation
1. Review chart for any health problems that would affect
the patient’s oxygenation status:

a . Assess patient’s oxygen saturation level before starting oxygen

therapy. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)(94%_100%).
b. Assess patient’s respiratory status, including respiratory rate , depth
and lung sounds.
c. Note any signs of respiratory distress, such as tachypnea,
nasal flaring ,use of accessory muscles, or dyspnea.
2. Bring necessary equipment to the bedside stand or over
bed table.
3. Perform hand hygiene and put on PPE.
4. Identify the patient.
5. Close curtains around bed and close the door to the room,
if possible. Provide patient’s privacy.
6. Explain what you are going to do and the reason for doing
it to the patient.
7. Review safety precautions(fair) necessary when oxygen is in
use. Please “No Smoking” in appropriate areas.
8. Connect nasal cannula to oxygen setup with humidification, if
one is in use .
9. Adjust flow rate as ordered . Check that oxygen is flowing out
of prongs.
10. Place prongs in patient’s nostrils, Place tubing over and behind
each ear with adjuster comfortably under chin.

Alternately, the tubing may be placed around the patient’s head,

with the adjuster at the back or base of the head.
11. Place gauze pads at ear beneath the tubing .
12. Adjust the fit of the cannula. Tubing should be snug but not
tight against the skin.
13. Encourage patients to breathe through the nose, with the
mouth closed.
14. Reassess patient’s respiratory status, including respiratory
rate, effort, and lung sounds. Note any signs of respiratory
distress, such as tachypnea, nasal flaring, use of accessory
muscles, or dyspnea.

15. Remove PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene.

16. Put on clean gloves. Remove and clean the cannula and assess
nares at least every 8 hours . Check nares for evidence of irritation
or bleeding.
17. Remove PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene.
18. EVALUATION the patient demonstrates an increase in oxygen
saturation levels. SPO2 level .
17. DOCUMENTATION
a. Spirometer was used by the patient .
b. The number of repetitions(breathing) the average volume
reached 12-20 Breath per minute.
c. Document patient teaching and patient response.
d. Document whether the cough is productive or nonproductive.
(If productive cough is present, include the characteristics of the
sputum, including odor , amount and color)
B-Administering Oxygen by mask
An oxygen mask provides and transfer breathing oxygen
gas from a storage tank to the lungs. Oxygen masks may
cover only the nose and mouth.
Types of oxygen masks.
A) Venturi mask.
B) Nonrebreather mask.
C) Partial rebreather mask.
D) Simple face mask.
E) High-flow oxygen face mask and bottle.
B-Administering Oxygen by mask
Equipment
• Flow meter connected to oxygen
supply
• Humidifier with sterile distilled water
, type of mask prescribed
• Face mask, specified by physician
• Gauze to pad elastic band.
• PPE, as indicated
 Implementation
1. Review chart for any health problems that would affect
the patient’s oxygenation status.

a . Assess patient’s oxygen saturation level before starting

oxygen therapy. Peripheral oxygen
saturation (SpO2)(94%_100%).
b. Assess patient’s respiratory status, including respiratory
rate , depth and lung sounds.
c. Note any signs of respiratory distress, such as tachypnea,
nasal flaring , use of accessory muscles, or dyspnea .
2. Bring necessary equipment to the bedside stand or over
bed table.

3. Perform hand hygiene and put on PPE, if indicated.

4. Identify the patient.

5. Close curtains around bed and close the door to the room,
if possible. Provide patient’s privacy.
6. Explain what you are going to do and the reason for
doing it to the patient.
7. Review safety precautions(fair) necessary when oxygen is
in use. Place “No Smoking” in appropriate areas.

8. Attach face mask to oxygen source (with humidification,

if appropriate, for the specific mask).
9. Start the flow of oxygen at the specified rate. For a mask
with a reservoir, be sure to allow oxygen to fill the bag before
proceeding to the next step.
10. Position face mask over the patient’s nose and mouth .
Adjust the elastic strap so that the mask fits snugly but
comfortably on the face .
11. Adjust the flow rate to the prescribed rate .

12. If the patient reports

irritation or redness is noted,
use gauze pads under the
elastic strap at pressure
points to reduce irritation to
ears and scalp.
13. Reassess patient’s respiratory status, including respiratory
rate, effort, and lung sounds. Note any signs of respiratory
distress, such as tachypnea, nasal flaring, use of accessory
muscles, or dyspnea.

14. Remove PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene.

15. Put on clean gloves, Remove the mask and dry the skin
every 2 to 3 hours if the oxygen is running continuously. Do
not use powder around the mask.

16. Remove PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene.

17. EVALUATION the patient demonstrates an increase in

oxygen saturation levels. SPO2
18. DOCUMENTATION
a. Spirometer was used by the patient .
b. The number of repetitions(breathing) the average volume
reached 12-20 Breath per minute.
c. Document patient teaching and patient response.
d. Document whether the cough is productive or
nonproductive. (If productive cough is present, include the
characteristics of the sputum, including odor , amount and
color)
 Using an Oxygen Hood
Oxygen hoods are generally used to deliver oxygen to infants.
They can supply an oxygen concentration up to 80% to 90%.
Using an Oxygen tent
Oxygen tents are often used in children who will not leave a
face mask or nasal cannula in place.
They can supply an oxygen concentration up to 30% to 50%.
What is an incentive spirometer?
An incentive spirometer is a device that measures how deeply
can inhale (breathe in), It helps take slow, deep breaths to
expand and fill lungs with air.
Remember
Oxygen is a drug.
When appropriately used, it is extremely
beneficial
When abused, it is potentially harmful
Complication

Oxygen toxicity, caused by excessive or inappropriate

supplemental oxygen, can cause severe damage to the lungs
and other organ systems.
 When do you consider stopping oxygen
therapy?

1. Stop oxygen & monitor SPO2 for 5 minutes.

2. If patient is stable & document this each 5 minutes &
monitor SPO2 for one hour.
3. If saturation remains within prescribed normal range on air
then stop O2.