A (2X2)Microstrip Patch Antenna With Reduced

Mutual Coupling Using CSRR

G.Kavya
P.Mokshitha Y.Hasanthi
B.Tech( ECE)
B.Tech(ECE) B.Tech(ECE)
Madanapalle Institute of Technology
Madanapalle Institute of Technology Madanapalle Institute of Technology
& Science,Madanapalle
& Science,Madanapalle & Science,Madanapalle
Andhrapradesh,India
Andhrapradesh,India Andhrapradesh,India
kavyaganne23@gmail.com
mokshithaputambakam60@gmail.com hasanthiy03@gmail.com

Mr.B.Karthick
Mr.R.Arivarasu
Asst.Prof(ECE)
Asst.Prof(ECE)
Madanapalle Institute of Technology
Madanapalle Institute of Technology
& Science,Madanapalle
& Science,Madanapalle
Andhrapradesh,India
Andhrapradesh,India
bkarthick39@gmail.com
arivarasur@mits.ac.in

Abstract— The goal of the project is to reduce mutual
coupling between antenna elements in the 3 GHz to 6 GHz 5G
frequency range by using complementary split-ring resonator
(CSRR) approach. This will be accomplished through
advanced study and design of a microstrip antenna array.
Optimized at a center distance of 0.5λo, the antenna performs
exceptionally well with a gain of 3.22 dB and mutual coupling
reduction of less than 20dB. It is compactly constructed on
FR4 substrate. Further coupling decrease of less than 20dB at
4.06 GHz is demonstrated in HFSS simulations, yielding a
return loss greater than 20 dB over the working bandwidth. In
addition to improving antenna performance, this creative
design approach creates new opportunities for research into
cutting-edge communication technology.
keywords — Microstrip Antenna Array, Mutual Coupling
Reduction, Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR),
Ultra Wideband (UWB) Frequency, High-Frequency Structure
Simulator (HFSS), FR4, Gain, Return Loss, Resonating
Frequency, Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR).
I. INTRODUCTION
It has been the development of modern wireless
communication systems, in turn, necessitating the development of
antenna designs that can take care of the challenges of mutual
coupling in the antenna arrays while meeting the compactness and
high-performance requirement. The following project is a design
and simulation of a 1x2 microstrip antenna array with an
innovative approach toward mutual coupling reduction. The
project will be carried out, using the complementary structure of a
split-ring resonator (CSRR). This project is very critical in moving
up with the design of the antenna for wideband (WB) applications,
where the emphasis would be on the frequency range from 25 – 30
GHz. One of the most common kinds of microstrip antennas is the
microstrip patch array, which is smaller and lighter, and offers the
above-mentioned benefits. However, mutual coupling is one of the
continual problems that face microstrip antenna arrays, since the
deterioration caused by it is very high to the performance of the
system, such as the gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern.
To mitigate this, the presented work uses CSRR in this paper
since it has the capability of reducing mutual coupling between the
antenna elements without compromising the size and performance
of small antennas [1]. Selection of the Roger/RT-duroid-5880
substrate material is strategic since it has good dielectric properties
with a low loss characteristic; both are most required for high-
frequency application. Optimal square geometry was thus
simulated and designed in the leading electromagnetic simulation
HFSS (High- Frequency Structure Simulator) software with
dimensions of 17 x 8.7 mm2 as the best design for the patch to be
used for the impedance
matching at the required frequency. Together with mutual coupling
reduction of 31.7 dB at a resonating frequency of 28.05 GHz, this
success that has achieved significant gain of 6.78 dB with this
project underscores effective means of how the CSRR technique
can be employed to enhance the antenna performance. The project
methodology—based on in-depth review of literature and having
far- reaching theoretical and experimental studies—could be on the
sphere of antenna engineering. The implementation of such
techniques in microstrip antenna design required by 5G and
millimeter-wave applications. This would make an iterative design
process, usually involving simulation, optimization, and validation
of antenna parameters, sound like much attention was given to the
antenna design [5]. It was stated that the project had reached its
goal of mutual coupling reduction, and that is the project
contribution with practical insights into the design of high-
performance antenna arrays for wideband applications.
Importance of this research lays in the fact that the indicated
performance evaluation measurements are really required with due
efficiency in the next generation of wireless communication
systems. In short, this work represents a great advance in the search
for the optimal design of antennas that can meet the strict
requirements of modern communication systems [6]. In other
words, the project is an innovative combination of design using
innovative technique material and structure of CSRR applied,
which is intended to give a viable solution to difficulty in mutual
coupling, and therefore could give advancement in both technology
and wireless communication.
The technology of antennas is totally developed in this era, and
especially the case of microstrip patch antennas has played a very
important role in the development of wireless communication. This
paper outlines a brief background of the theoretical and practical
explorations of the microstrip antennas, emphasizing mutual
coupling as a limiting factor that has been underlined for the
desirable performance of an antenna array. In other words, the
paper following is the encapsulation of a holistic review of the
recent research in methodologies and innovations to help with the
diminution of mutual coupling, which is the main factor hindering
an increase in efficiency and functionality of the wideband
application of microstrip antenna arrays [7]. The microstrip patch
antenna has received much attention because it is very thin, light,
easy to fabricate, and most adjustable with integrated circuit
technologies. Other than this, it is the mutual coupling of closely
spaced antenna array elements; it is a technical stumbling block in
the way of affecting the radiation pattern, bandwidth, gain, and, in
turn, the system performances of the array as a whole [8]. The
mutual coupling is due to the parasitic interaction of adjacent
radiating elements of the antennas, leading to degradation in
efficiency and operational capability.
 Recent research efforts have investigated several innovative
techniques to reduce mutual coupling and improve the performance
of the antenna array. One of the methods that has been adapted to
control mutual coupling between antenna elements is the use of an
Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure to suppress surface
waves.[9] Moreover, the arrival of metamaterials and its
electromagnetic properties give rise to a new channel to design
antenna arrays that are compact and have their mutual coupling
minimized [10]. Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR)
have emerged as an effective tool for mutual coupling reduction. Figure 2
When these types of CSRR structures are incorporated into the
antenna design, they bring down the mutual coupling levels to Table 1
appreciable levels without affecting the compactness of the
antenna. This has been highly used in the development of antennas Parameters a b
by the antenna designer for wideband and ultra-wideband Values(mm) 1 2
applications since the performance of the antenna is very essential Parameters c d
[11]. Values(mm) 0.5 0.5
The importance of this potential of mutual coupling reduction Design parameters of unit cell diagram
goes beyond theoretical interest to have an impact on practical
applications like 5G networks, satellite communication, radar An analytical approximate expression for 𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑅𝑅 is obtained .
systems, and others. The demand from high-speed, reliable This expression is
wireless communications takes designing antenna arrays with
low mutual 𝜀
coupling as an imperative art. This is particularly the case when 𝑀3𝜀 ∞ [𝑏𝐵(𝑘𝑏) − 𝑎𝐵(𝑘𝑎)]2 1 1 + tanh(𝑘ℎ)
0 𝜀0
allowance is made for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) 𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑅𝑅 = ∫ ⅆ𝑘 [ (1 + 𝜀 )]
2 1 + 0 tanh(𝑘ℎ)
systems, whose antenna arrays are indispensable to attain high data 𝐶2 𝑘2
𝜀
0
rates and system capacity [12]. Therefore, any background study
needs to highlight that it is of extreme importance to make sure that where a=r0-c/2and b = r0+c/2 are the geometrical
the mutual coupling has been dealt with in the design of microstrip parameters.
patch antennas. Recent research and new innovations in design
strategies, such as in EBG structures, metamaterials, and CSRR, B. Phase 2:Integration of CSRR elements for Mutual Coupling
have come up with reasonable mitigation for the predicament. This Reduction
paper will attempt to outline some of the pathways that are
expected to feed future developments in wireless communications, The second step is to design the complementary split ring
for which more efficient, more reliable, and more compact antenna resonators (CSRRs) that will be used to control the mutual
systems are necessary [13]. coupling between the patch elements. The CSRRs are sandwiched
between the patches and the ground plane. This class of resonators
operates by establishing stop bands at various frequencies, thus
II. IMPLEMENTATION filtering out the unwanted modes of propagation and in turn
weakening the mutual coupling between the radiators. The above
A. Phase 1: Design of Initial Antenna Array coaxial feeds are once more applied to the patch antennas, and their
First, at the level of the preliminary design, it is location is changed in such a way to be in accordance with the
necessary to make a simple 1x2 array of microstrip antennas. In layout of the CSRRs for the impedance matching that best
your paper, two patch antennas are laid out on the substrate, produces the best benefit from the CSRR structures
which is a Roger/RT-duroid-5880, due to good properties at
high frequencies. The patches are fed using coaxial lines for the
reason of feeding because of their very simple and direct way to
feed the antenna. The reason for using coaxial feed is because
it is very simple to implement and control its input impedance.

Figure 3

Figure 1

Figure 4
 Table 2 C. Phase 3:Extension to a 2X2 Antenna Array
Parameters A B C D E K
Values(mm) 18 9.7 4.15 4.15 5.34 2.275
Parameters F G H I J
Values(mm) 8.49 4.6 4.6 1.37 4.18
Design parameters of proposed 1X2 antenna with CSRR

Mutual Coupling (S21):

Figure 9

Moving to a more complex platform, Phase 3 extends the

design to a 2x2 antenna array, potentially to verify the CSRR
technique's scalability for mutual coupling reduction. The fact that
two more patch antennas need to be added further requires special
attention to the inter-element spacing and integration of the feed
network so that all four antennas may be adequately excited.
Figure 6: Phase 1 Simulated S11&S21 Without Resonator
D. Phase 4:Full Incorporation of CSRR for Enhanced
Mutual Coupling Reduction

Figure 7: Phase 2 Simulated S11&S21 With Resonator Figure 10

System Gain : The final stage shows a fully developed 2x2 antenna array with
considerable use of CSRR structures, which might display a more
significant decrease in mutual coupling. The design is with the
purpose of getting optimized interaction between the antenna
elements and the CSRRs. This would necessitate a detailed study
with respect to the effect of the CSRR on the performance of the
array, especially with regard to the bandwidth, gain, and radiation
pattern. The coaxial feeds would be placed such that every unit
antenna in the array functions correctly.

Figure 8: Phase 2 Simulated System Gain With CSRR

Radiation Pattern:

Figure 8: Phase2 Simulated Radiation Pattern With CSRR

Figure 11
 Table 3 C. Peak Gain :
Parameters A B C D I
Values(mm) 55.7 74 23 6 27.7
Parameters E F G H J
Values(mm) 13 2 4 28.5 2.9

Design parameters for proposed 2X2 antenna

III. RESULTS AND ANALYSYS

A. Reflection Coefficient(S11):
The reflection coefficient (S11) measures how much
power is reflected back to the source when an electromagnetic Figure 15:Phase 4 Simulated Peak Gain
wave hits the antenna. A value below -10 dB is considered good
because it indicates that less than 10% of the power is reflected and D. Total Efficiency:
more than 90% is accepted by the antenna, which is desirable for
efficient antenna performance.

Figure 12: Phase 4 Simulated S11

Figure 16:Phase 4 Simulated Total efficiency 72 with CSRR

B. Reflection Coefficient(S11):
Mutual coupling (S21) measures the interaction between two E. Diversity Gain:
antenna elements. A value below -15 dB is considered good as it
indicates that the antennas are well isolated from each other. In this Diversity Gain = 10 * √(1 – ECC2)
we obtained a reduction 34.14 dB(fig.14).

.
Figure 13: Phase 4 Simulated S11&S21 Without Resonator Figure 17:Phase 4 Simulated Diversity Gain With CSRR

G. Envelope correlation Coefficient:

Figure 14: Phase 3 Simulated S11&S21 With Resonator

Figure 18: Phase 4 Simulated S11&S21 With Resonator
F. System Gain: patch antennas with and without resonators. This antenna has
potential uses in 5G, satellite communication, and wireless
applications.

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