SUMMARY&COMPREHENSI

ON
SCHEMEOFWORK
Week1: Tes
t
Week2: Summar
y:Summar
ywr
it
ing.
C:Li
steni
ngs
kil
l
Week3: Ant
onymsandSynony
ms
Week4: r
eadi
ngt
ogr
aspt
hemeani
ngofwor
ds
Summar
yski
l
ls
Wor
dsas
soc
iat
edwi
thRel
i
gion
Week5: Li
steni
ng:t
hemai
npoi
nt,mood,t
one,
pur
pos
e,et
c.
Week6: Wor
dsas
soc
iat
edwi
thPhot
ogr
aphy
Summar
ywr
it
ing
Week7: Mi
dter
m hol
i
day
Week8: Wor
dsas
soc
iat
edwi
thTr
ans
por
tat
ion
Week9: Summar
ywr
it
ing
Week10: Mor
eonAnt
onymsandSynonyms
Week11: Compr
ehens
ion:Repl
acementf
rom Gr
ammat
icalnamesandf
unc
tions
Week12: Ex
ami
nat
ion!
!
!

Week1
Wel
comeTes
t
Gi
vet
hes
ynonymsoft
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds:

(
i) Let
hal
(
ii
) Mor
tuar
y
(
ii
i) Dec
isi
ve
(
iv) Tr
ivi
al
(
v) Ps
eudonym
(
vi) Pi
l
e
(
vii
) Cons
ole
 (
vii
i
) Rendez
vous
(
ix) Bi
l
ingual
(
x) c
heque
As
signment
:
Compr
ehens
ionTex
t
Page35‘
Oli
ha’
sEmbar
ras
sment

Week2
Summar
yWr
it
ing
Rul
esguidings ummar ywr it
ing( Dos )
1.As ummar ymus tbecompr ehensive:Yous houl
di s
ol ateallthei
mpor t
antpoint
sinthe
ori
gi nalpassageandnot et hem downi nalist
.
2.A s ummar ymus tbeconci se:Eli
mi nat
er epet
it
ionsi n yourli
st,even i
ftheauthor
restatesthes amepoi nts.
3.A s ummar ymus tbecoher ent:Its houl
d makes ens easapi eceofwr i
ti
ng,nota
disj
oi nt
edc oll
ectionofpoi nts.
4.A s ummar ymus tbei ndependent :You areex pec ted to mai
ntai
n yourown voice
throughoutt hes ummar y.
5.Di stinguis
hbet weenmaj orandmi nordet ai
ls.
6.Removemi nordet ail
sandex amplesi nwrit
ingyours ummar y.
7.Wr i
tei ncompl etes entencesandnoti nphrasesorfragment s.

Howt
oAns
werSummar
yQues
tions
.

1.A c l
earunder standingoft hepas s
agei sabas icprer
equisit
ef orprovidi
ngex cel
l
ent
ans wers.
2.Readt heques ti
onsf irstbef orereadi ngt hepas sage.
3.Wr i
teins entencesandendy ours ent enceswi t
haf ul
lst
op.
4.Wr i
tet heex actnumberofs entencesyouhavebeenas kedt owrit
e.Twomeanst wo,
threemeanst hree,andf ourmeansf our .E.g.,Inthr
ees entences,onef oreach,st
ate
whatgover nment sus et axesf or
.
5.Makes ureyours entenc esar easbr iefaspos si
ble.
6.Avoi dthi
satal lcost:Direc tli
ft
ingf r
om t hepas s
age.
7.Usegoodgr ammar :makes ureyourans wersar edevoidofgr ammaticalandexpressi
on
errors.
8.Useapr eamblei npr esent i
ngans wer si nvolvingt woormor es ent
ences.
9.Proof r
eadyourans wersandc orrectt hem wher enecessary.

CausesofFail
ureinSummar yWr i
ti
ng(don’ts)
1.Mindlessli
ft
ingofwordsfrom thepassage.
2.Absenceofc oncis
enessandr el
evance.
3.Phrasesandi nc
ompletesentences.
 4.Wrongpr eamble/
intr
oducti
on.
5.Writ
ingmor ethantherequi
rednumberofs
ent
enc
es.
6.Grammat i
cal
/expr
essionerr
ors
.
Ass
ignment
:
SummaryPassageonpages189- 190

Week3: Ant
onymsandSynonyms
Ant
onymsar
ewor
dsorphr
asest
hatar
eoppos
itei
nmeani
ngt
oot
herwor
ds:
Pr
emat
ure:over
due,
Qui
et:noi
sy,
lous
y,l
oud,
publ
i
c
Apex
:bas
e,bot
tom,f
oundat
ion,
Lovel
y:r
epul
si
ve,
ugl
y,hi
deous
,
Hones
t:di
shones
t,bi
ased,i
nsi
ncer
e,
Ex
per
ienc
e:i
nex
per
ienc
e,i
gnor
anc
e,i
mmat
uri
ty,
Reveal
:hi
de,c
onc
eal
,
Fr
esh:s
tal
e,ol
d,pr
oces
sed,
wel
l
-wor
n
Ex
travaganc
e:f
rugal
,ec
onomy,
Col
l
eague:ant
agoni
st,opponent
,
Popul
ous
:sol
i
tar
y,l
one,
spar
se,s
cant
y
Ex
erci
se1
Gi
vet
heant
onymsoft
hewor
dsbel
ow:
(
i) Di
sappear
(
ii
) Ex
oner
ate
(
ii
i) Eager
(
iv) Sel
dom
(
v) Sl
aver
y
(
vi) Vet
eran
(
vii
) Vi
rt
ue
(
vii
i
) Nat
ural
Synonyms
:thes
ear
ewor
dst
hatar
esi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngort
hes
amemeani
ng.
Pr
emat
ure:ear
ly,unt
imel
y,i
l
l-t
imed,has
ty,j
umpi
ngt
hegun
Qui
et:s
il
ent
,noi
sel
ess
,mut
e,pr
ivat
e,c
onf
ident
ial
,di
scr
eet
,
Har
mony:agr
eement
,uni
ty,
acc
ord,
Hamper
:hi
nder
,pr
event
,bl
ock,
obs
truc
t,
Meager
:sc
ant
y,i
nsuf
fi
ci
ent
,inadequat
e,
Fer
oci
ous
:fi
erc
e,s
avage,
Pr
ecar
ious
:unc
ert
ain,
uns
afe
Ps
eudonym:al
i
asf
als
ename,
penname,i
ncogni
to
Pi
l
e:s
tac
k,heap,mas
s,quant
it
y,
Dec
isi
ve:f
inal
,fi
rm,
str
ong-
minded,r
esol
ute,
key,pi
vot
al
Tr
ivi
al:mi
nor
,ins
igni
fi
cant
,uni
mpor
tant
,inc
ons
equent
ial
etc
.
Ex
erci
se2
Gi
vet
hes
ynonymsoft
hewor
dsbel
ow:
(
i) Candi
d
(
ii
) Love
(
ii
i) Rowdy
(
iv) I
ntent
ion
(
v) Mi
sdeed
(
vi) Ri
ot
(
vii
) Monar
ch
Week4:Readi
ng&Li
steni
ngt
ogr
aspt
hemeani
ngofwor
dsandt
hemai
nidea.
Themai nideaofapas sage( r
eadingorl is
tening)isthepr i
mar ypointorc onc eptthatt he
authorwant st ocommuni cat
et other eader
saboutt hetopic.Henc e,i
napas sage,whent he
maini deaiss tat
eddirectl
y,iti
sex pressedinwhati scalledthet opicsentence.Itgiv esthe
overarchi
ngi deaofwhatt heex cerptisaboutandi ssuppor t
edbyt hedetail
si ns ubsequent
sentencesint heparagraphst hatmaket hewhol epass age.Inanar t
icl
e,themai ni deais
expressedint hethes
isstatement,whi chisthensuppor t
edbyi ndivi
dualsmallerpoi nt
s.Think
ofthemai nideaasabr i
efbutall-encompass i
ngs ummar y.Itcoverseveryt
hingt hepar agraph
tal
ksabouti nageneralway.

Howt
olocat
ethemai
nidea:

 i
dent
if
ythemai
ntopi
c

 s
ummar
izet
hepas
sage

 l
ookoutf
ort
hef
ir
standl
asts
ent
enc
esi
nthepas
sage.
  l
ookf
orr
epeat
edi
deas

The meaning ofwordsus ed inc ont

extc
lues
,ital
i
cs,underl
i
ned,orbolded wor
dsare
recogni
sedandgivenproperattent
ionbyusi
ngthedict
ionar
ytolookt
hem uporcheckt
he
envir
onmentwheretheyareused.

Summar
ySki
l
ls
Rel
evanc
e,Conc
isenes
s,Cl
ari
ty,et
c.

Thes
olut
iont
otheWASSCESummar
yques
tionof1991

(
a)(
i)Ther
ear
emor
emi
scar
ri
agesoft
hemal
efoet
ust
hant
hef
emal
e'
s.

(
ii
)Mor
eboysgetki
l
ledbyki
l
lerdi
seas
esati
nfanc
y.

(
ii
i)Att
headol
esc
entage,
boysbec
omevi
cti
msofai
l
ment
satahi
gherr
atet
hant
hegi
rl
s

(
iv)Mor
emal
esdi
edur
inghaz
ardousbus
ines
sandpr
ofes
sionalengagement
.

(
v)Mor
emenbet
weent
heagesoff
ort
yands
ixt
ydi
eofhear
t-r
elat
eddi
seas
est
hanwomen

(
b)Somefor
m ofpol
ygamyisposs
iblei
nanor
malpopul
ati
onbec
aus
ethemennor
mal
l
y
mar
rywomenwhoar
eyoungert
hanthem.

Wor
dsas
soc
iat
edwi
thRel
i
gion
Wor
dsas
soci
atedwi
thChr
ist
iani
ty:
J
esusChrist
,Bi
ble,Chris
tians,Church,fait
h,salvati
on,HolySpiri
t,l
ove,f
or gi
veness,et
ernit
y,
Word ofGod,humi li
ty,pr ayer,heaven,hell
,J esusi scoming soon,LORD,l i
fe,heal
ing,
j
oyful
ness
,thecross,cal
vary,r esur
rect
ion,del
iverance,hol
ines
s,missi
onary,pil
gri
mage,hol y
l
and(J
erusal
em)
,etc.

Wor
dsas
soci
atedwi
thI
sl
am:
Koran,hol
ybook,Musl
ims
,kor
ani
csc
hool
s,mos
que,f
ait
hful
s,pi
l
gri
mage,z
akat
,pi
l
lar
sofI
sl
am,
Ramadan,Jumat,
etc.

Wor
dsas
soci
atedwi
thTr
adi
ti
onalRel
i
gion:
Shr
ine,
gods
,or
acl
es,
inc
ant
ati
ons
,coven,di
vi
nat
ion,et
c.
Ex
erci
se1
Ex
plaint
hemeaningoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
eli
gioust
ermi
nol
ogy
(
i) Sac
red
 (
ii
) Pi
ous
(
ii
i) Monot
hei
sm
(
iv) Fanat
ics
(
v) Bel
i
ever
s/Fai
thf
uls
Week5:
Li
steni
ng:t
hemai
npoi
nt,mood,t
one,pur
pos
e,et
c.
TONE

Thetoneofapas sagei
sthewr i
ter'
satti
tudeorf eel
ingaboutthesubjectthatheorsheis
pres
enting.Tonedoesnotref
lec
tther eader
'satt
it
udet owardt
hes ubj
ect,nordoesi
tinvol
ve
theatt
it
udeex pres
sedbychar
acters
,bes i
destheauthor,i
nthepass
age.

MOOD

Themoodi stheatmospher
eofthes t
ory,andthet oneistheauthor'satt
it
udetowardt he
topi
c.Wecani dent
if
ybothbylooki
ngatt hesett
ing,charac
ter
s,detail
s,andwor dchoic
es.
Doingsowi
llhelpusfi
ndmeani
nginthestoryorpassageandhelpusf eelmoreconnect
edt o
thewri
ti
ng.

PURPOSE

Anauthor
'spurposei
shisreasonforori
ntentinwri
ti
ng.Anauthor
'spur
posemaybet
oamus
e
ther
eader,per
suadethereader,i
nfor
mther eader
,orsat
ir
izeacondi
ti
on.

Week6:

Wor
dsAs
soci
atedwi
thPhot
ogr
aphy

(
i)Aper
tur
eist
heopeni
ngt
hroughwhi
chl
i
ghtpas
sest
hrought
hel
enst
oent
ert
hec
amer
a.

(
ii
)As
pectr
ati
odef
inest
her
elat
ions
hipbet
weenani
mage'
slengt
hs,r
epr
esent
edast
hewi
dth

(i
i
i)Bul
bisac amer
aset
ti
ngt
hathol
dst
hes
hut
teropenf
orasl
ongast
hes
hut
terr
eleas
e
butt
onispr
ess
ed.

(
iv)Bur
str
atei
sthenumberofc
ons
ecut
ives
hot
sac
amer
acant
akei
ncont
inuouss
hoot
ing
mode.

(
v)Candi
disapor
trai
ttakenwhi
l
ethes
ubj
ecti
snotpos
ing.

(
vi)
Chi
mpi
ngmeansc
ons
tant
lyc
hec
kingt
hec
amer
adi
spl
ayaf
terever
ysi
ngl
eshot
.

(vi
i
)Chr
omat
icaber
rat
ionisacommonopti
calprobl
em i
nlens
eswher
ecol
orsar
enotf
ocus
ed
onthes
ameconver
gencepoi
ntint
hefoc
alplane.
(
ix)Acompos
itei
sapi
ctur
ecr
eat
edbyc
ombi
ningmul
ti
plei
magesi
ntoas
ingl
eone.

(
x)Di
aphr
agm i
sthemec
hani
cal
devi
cei
nsi
deac
amer
alenst
hatc
ont
rol
stheaper
tur
e.

(
xi)JPEG isanac r
onym forJoi
ntPhot
ogr
aphi
cEx
per
tsGr
oupandt
hes
tandar
dfor
mati
n
whic
hpicturesar
ec ompr
es s
ed

(x
ii
)Li
ghtmeteri
sadevi
cet
hatmeas
urest
hes
cene’
slumi
nos
ityi
nor
dert
odet
ermi
net
hebes
t
expos
ureval
ue.

Cl
ass
wor
k/As
signment

Us
eyourdi
cti
onar
ytol
ookupt
hemeani
ngoft
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.

(
i) pi
xel

(
ii
) por
tfol
i
o

(
ii
i) over
-ex
pos
ure

(
iv) s
hut
ters
peed

(
v) t
onalr
ange

(
vi) wat
ermar
k

(
vii
) vi
gnet
ti
ng

(
vii
i
) whi
tebal
anc
e

(
ix) x
iphi
i
dae/yel
l
owf
il
ter

(
x) z
oom et
c.

Summar
yWr
it
ing

Cl
assEx
erci
se

WASSCE1990Pas
tQues
tiononSummar
ywr
it
ing

Ex
planat
ion

(
i)Thespeakeroft
hefirs
tvari
etyofEngl
i
sht
rans
lat
eshi
sthought
sandwor
dss
il
ent
lybef
ore
makingameaningfuls
tatement.

(
ii
)Thes
econds
peakergoest
hrought
hes
amepr
oces
sast
hef
ir
stbutwi
thi
nas
hor
tert
ime

(i
i
i)Thespeakeroft
het
hir
dvar
iet
yspeaksf
luent
lyex
hibi
ti
ngknowl
edgeofvoc
abul
aryand
pronunc
iati
on.

(
b)(
i)Aper
sonc
anmovef
rom l
owert
ouppervar
iet
yifhehasal
ongper
iodofeduc
ati
onand
get
sex
pos
edt
ost
andar
dEngl
i
sh

(
ii
)Apers
onc
anmovef
rom ahi
ghert
oal
owervar
iet
yifhi
sli
steneri
sonal
owereduc
ati
onal
l
adder
.

Week8

Wor
dsas
soci
atedwi
thTr
ans
por
tat
ion

Ai
rTr
avelVocabul
ary

Her
ear
etwent
ywor
dsandt
ermsof
tenus
edi
nai
rtr
avel
.

1Ai
sl
e:c
orr
idori
nanaer
opl
anebet
weent
hes
eat
s[t
her
ear
eus
ual
l
yoneort
wo]

2Baggagec
lai
m:t
hepl
acewher
epas
senger
sgot
ofi
ndt
hei
rluggage(
cas
eset
c)att
heend
ofafl
i
ght

3Boar
d:t
ogetonorent
eranaer
opl
ane-onboar
d.

4Boar
dingpas
s:s
pec
ial
tic
kets
howi
ngt
hatpas
sengerhasc
hec
kedi
nandmayboar
dapl
ane

5Chec
k-i
n:t
oregi
sterf
oraf
li
ght
,inc
.chec
kingoft
icket
s,pas
spor
ts,l
uggageet
c.-al
son.

6Conf
ir
mat
ion:pas
senger
'st
elephoneval
i
dat
ionofr
etur
nres
ervat
ion;r
econf
ir
mat
ion

7Depar
tur
esboar
d:l
argedi
spl
ayi
ntheai
rpor
tshowi
ngt
imes
,des
tinat
ions
,et
c.ofdepar
ti
ng
f
li
ght
s

8Domes
tic
:nat
ional
,noti
nter
nat
ional[
adomes
ticf
li
ghti
sent
ir
elywi
thi
nonec
ount
ry]

9Dut
yfr
ee:ofpr
oduc
ts:c
igar
ett
es,
per
fumeet
c]nott
axabl
e;ex
emptf
rom c
ust
omst
axes

10Ex
ces
sbaggage:l
uggaget
hati
smor
ethant
heper
mit
tedoral
l
owedwei
ght

11Fl
i
ght
:anaer
opl
anes
chedul
edt
ofl
yac
ert
ainr
out
eatac
ert
aint
ime

12Gat
e:t
hepoi
nti
nanai
rpor
tatwhi
chapar
ti
cul
arf
li
ghtar
ri
vesanddepar
ts

13Handl
uggage:l
i
ghtbags
,br
ief
cas
eset
cthatmaybec
arr
iedonboar
dbypas
senger
s

14I
ATA:abbr
.Int
ernat
ionalAi
rTr
ans
por
tAs
soc
iat
ion

15I
mmi
grat
ionof
fi
cer
:gover
nmentof
fi
ci
alr
espons
ibl
eforc
hec
kingpas
senger
s'pas
spor
ts

16J
etl
ag:ex
tremet
ir
ednes
set
caf
teral
ongf
li
ghtbet
weenex
tremet
imez
ones

17Runway:t
hes
tri
ponwhi
chpl
anesl
andandt
akeof
f
18St
opover
:abr
eakf
oradayort
woonani
nter
nat
ional
fli
ght

19Ti
cket
:rec
eiptf
ort
rans
por
tat
ionet
c.Anai
rti
ckethasonec
ouponf
oreac
hjour
ney

20Tr
ans
it:At
rans
itpas
sengeri
sones
toppi
ngatanai
rpor
tthati
snothi
sdes
tinat
ion

Land

1.motor
bike:smal
lmot
orc
ycl
ewi
thal
owf
rameands
mal
lwheel
sandel
evat
ed
handl
ebars

2. bus
:avehi
cl
ecar
ryi
ngmanypas
senger
s

3.Tr
am:avehi
cl
ethatr
unsonr
ail
sandi
spr
opel
l
edbyel
ect
ri
ci
ty

4.Tax
i:
acart
hati
shi
redt
otakepas
senger
swher
etheywantt
ogo

5.Cab:ac
arwhos
edr
iveri
spai
dtot
akeyout
oapar
ti
cul
arpl
ace

6.Car
:amot
orvehi
cl
ewi
thf
ourwheel
s

7. Sc
ooter
:awheeledvehi
cl
ewi
ths
mal
lwheel
sandal
ow-
power
edgas
oli
neengi
ne
gearedt
otherearwheel

8.Pas
senger
:at
ravel
err
idi
ngi
navehi
cl
ebutnotoper
ati
ngi
t

9.rushhour
:theti
mesatthebegi
nni
ngandendoft
hewor
kingdaywhenmanypeopl
e
aretr
avel
ingtoorf
rom work

10.pedes
tri
an:aper
sonwhot
rav
elsbyf
oot

11.t
raf
fi
c:vehi
cl
esorpedes
tri
anst
ravel
i
ngi
napar
ti
cul
arl
ocal
i
ty

12.t
raf
fi
cjam:anumberofvehi
cl
esbl
ocki
ngoneanot
herunt
ilt
heyc
ans
car
cel
ymov
e

13.dr
ive:oper
ateorc
ont
rolavehi
cl
e

14.r
ide:s
itandt
ravelont
hebac
kofani
mal
,us
ual
l
ywhi
l
econt
rol
l
ingi
tsmot
ions

15.getof
f:l
eaveavehi
cl
e,ai
rcr
aft
,et
c.

16.geton:getonboar
dof(
trai
ns,
bus
es,
shi
ps,ai
rcr
aft
,et
c.)

17.j
our
ney:t
heac
toft
ravel
i
ngf
rom onepl
acet
oanot
her

Sea