CONSTRUCTION OF A SHELF USING HDF BOARD

PREPARED BY:
ASIKE CHINWE SANDRA
NATIONAL DIPLOMA II

OF

THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

LECTURER IN CHARGE: ENGR. OLADIRAN

 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that ASIKE CHINWE SANDRA with matric number 2019232030041
of Civil Engineering Department,The Polytechnic,Ibadan carried out the project
titled CONSTRUCTION OF A SHELF USING HDF BOARD.

ENGR. OLADIRAN

INSTITUTION BASED SUPERVISOR

ENGR. OKE D.A

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
 DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to the God Almighty,my strength, source of inspiration,
wisdom, knowledge and understanding.With whom alone the success of this
program was made possible. He has been the source of my strength throughout
the programme.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful and would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor

ENGR. OLADIRAN for his germinal ideas, invaluable guidance, continuous
encouragement and constant support in making this research possible. I
appreciate his consistent support from the first day I apply for this project title. I
am truly grateful for his progressive vision about my Final Year Project, his
patience towards my naive mistakes, commitment to my future career and time
spent in correcting my many mistakes.

Many special thanks goes to all classmates that also become my reference and
helped me in generating the best idea.

I acknowledge my sincere indebtedness and gratitude to my parents for their

love, sacrifice and motivation which consistently encouraged me to carry on
DipIoma. I can not find the appropriate words to properly describe my
appreciation, for their devotion, support and faith in my ability to attain my goals.
I would like to acknowledge their comments and suggestions, which was crucial
for the successful completion of this study.
 ABSTRACT

A shelf is a component fabricated for the purpose of storing or packaging books,

files and other important documents. The main aim of constructing this project is
to produce a modern shelf with the use of HDF board, which will provide a lasting
solution to the problem facing libraries, offices, churches and homes in packaging
and storing book I tems and other items.

In search for storage facilities for books, and other important documents in
libraries, offices, etc, a concept to produce a durable shelf was initiated.
Therefore, the construction of this shelf will help the prospected user(s) to be
packaging their documents well and safe.

There are different kinds of engineering materials which could be used in this type
of construction apart from HDF board or wood. These materials include; metal,
plastic, and glass.

The construction was facilitated by some simple machine (tools) such as

harmmer, saw, tape, scriber, jack plain, sandpaper, sprayer and materials such as
nails, hinges and gums. As a matter of fact, different operations were performed
sequentially to realize the finished product (shelf). Such processes are: making
out, cutting/sewing; planning/smoothening; grooving and sunking (where
necessary); joining; spraying.
HDF BOARD was utilized in the construction. The board was cut with sawing
machine having measured it with tape to rescuer the desired measurements thus:
48 inches height: 42 inches length: 12 inches breadth. It was then smoothened to
give a nice outlook. With gum the skeleton was formed before nailing. The
skeleton was so formed before partitioning so that it would support and create
reinforcement to the shelf and make it stand firm at the expected position while
nailing and fixing the doors with hinges.

Sequel to this, it was appropriately nailed and gum was blended with sawdust to
smoothen rough and gapped places on the shelf before sandpaper and sprayed
with sprayer.

Conclusively, the glass doors were fixed which embellished the job exceedingly.

As a matter of fact, the construction was designed to meet the requirement of

Nigerian Standard Organization (NSO) in the construction of shelf. This is for the
fact that the materials used were the high quality ones. Not only this reasons, the
standard measurement was also employed as indicated above.

It is necessary here to summarize the costing of the project as given in detail in

the methodology part of this write up.

Thus, cost of material was one hundred and sixty five thousand naira
(N165,000.00). Running cost was thirtg thousand naira (30,000.00) where as
workmanship.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE :

1.0. Introduction

1.1. Justification for the project

1.2. Background of project

1.3. Aims and objectives of the project

1.4. Limitation and Scope of the project

1.5. Definition of important terms

CHAPTER TWO :

2.0. Literature Review

2.0.1. Introduction

2.1.1. Shelf

2.1.2. HDF as an engineering material

2.2.1. Advantages of HDF board

2.2.2. Disadvantages of HDF board

2.2.3. CComparison between existing products

CHAPTER THREE :

3.0.Methodology

CHAPTER FOUR :

4.0. Presentation of result

4.1. Isometric view

CHAPTER FIVE :

Conclusion

Recommendation

CHAPTER ONE :
1.0. INTRODUCTION
There are two important questions that requires an answer before an engineering
material is chosen for any purpose. They are, what function does the component
have to perform, what are the essential requirements of the component in order
that it can fulfill those functions. The engineering materials can be broadly
grouped into two main categories metals and wood. These materials are used for
different purposes either as individual material or a combination of materials for a
certain requirement of the desired finished product.

Hence, the construction of an engineering component like the workshop material

that can serve the purpose for which the bookshelf is fabricated. Thus a wood,
specifically mild wood is chosen for this project due to a number of properties as
regards to the analysis of its function and requirements which are considered
based on common characteristics as follows: center of mechanical properties such
as strength, hardness, fatigue resistance etc. Certain behaviour in specific
environment eg. Corrosion free, ability to be formed or fabricated to desired
shape and dimension, as well as its cost factor.

However, there can be other requirements which though not essential, are
desirable for instance the surface finished of the component must be alternative,
which might be accomplished by painting or spraying using a quality paint or
spray that resists certain environment impact of behaviours.

Nevertheless, the choice of fabrication process depends on a number of factors

possibly in:- the quantity of the items required, The dimensional accuracy, The
surface finished required the size of the item, The cost factors, etc.

As a result of these consideration, the method chosen for the workshop bookshelf
fabrication is a simple wood joining process, which incorporates: cutting, marking
out, nailing, and various fastening system:

Furthermore, the basic components and properties, fabrication factors and also
cost factor of the basic material (HDF BOARD) for workshop bookshelf
construction are fully illustrated in the subsequent section. Other material which
are employed for specific purposes are saw, hammer, nails, scriber, tape, gum,
sprayer, handle and key, down drawer and glasses.
1.1. JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT

This project work expose us to construction work and also improve our skills and
practical experience.

1.2. BACKGROUND OF PROJECT.

A shelf is a piece of furniture with horizontal shelves, used to store books and
other valuable items. It is clear that as a furniture wood is the chief construction
material used in the construction of book shelf even though glass is used in some
case.

Shelf is mainly used for storing books in our home, Offices and school libraries and
other household equipment like cutleries compact disc, glass plate etc.

In the construction of a shelf precautions should be taken both on the materials

for construction and when constructing to produce an efficient shelf and for long
duration of the shelf.

During the initial stage of shelve making a well seasoned wood is always chosen
for the making of shelf. Reasoning being to avoid the shirking of shelf component
which always result in warping or insect attack. This is notice by the ugly
appearance of goals or opening in between the joint of various components,
deflection of component member which may lead to deformation of the entire
shelf within a short life span.

1.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

The aims and objective of this project is to expose the students to practical wood
work. The aims and objectives of this project are to broaden the materials horizon
of students. To expose student to undertake works that require precision and
accuracy. Another aims is to train students to understand and apply safety, take
safety precautions when undergoing any work either in the wood workshops,
machine shop or in the industry.

1.4. LIMITATIONS AND SCOPE OF PROJECT

1.4.1. SCOPE OF PROJECT

The scope of the project covers only the use of HDF board in the production of
bookshelves.

1.4.2. LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This project work is limited to only private use, this is because it has opening that
suit conductive home/office usage and learning, if it were meant for the public it
would have been larger in size to accumulate different books from different
Authors. The limitation of this project work is mobility of work to live for decades
since it is made up of HDF board that might be likely affected by either weather,
temperature or the activities of other organisms is likely that the life span of the
bookshelf will reduce.

1.5. DEFINATION OF TERMS

I. HDF TAPE: This is used to cover the exposed sides of material (HDF), increasing
durability and giving the appearance of a solid more valuable material.

ll. DRAW RUNNER: This can be defined as a small devices that are used to
facilitate fluid motion during opening and closing.
III. ADHESIVE: This is referred to as a substance used to bind two hard surfaces
together.

IV. SCREW: A short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical tread
running around it and a slotted head, used to join things together by being
rotated so that it pierces wood or other materials and is held tighter in place.

V. DEFECTS: These are referred to as irregularities occurring in or on the timber

which lowers its strength and durability on utility value.

VI. JOINING: This is referred to as assembly of two different parts of wood by

cutting out wood packages to fit into each other.

VII. FINISHING: This is the state in wood work construction where the surface of
the wood is prepared to receive the finishes.

VIII. FINISHES: This referred to as the various varnishes including decorative

finishes, lacquers, enamels preservatives etc. that are applied to wood surface for
both protection and aesthetic values.

CHAPTER TWO
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0.1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter is to provide a review of table and material needed. It also will
explain the market existing product and concept of sheld. Many products at the
market have different specification, shape, type and material when manufacture
by different manufacturing company.
2.1.1. SHELF

A shelf is a flat, horizontal plane used for items that are displayed or stored in a
home, business, store, or elsewhere. It is raised off the floor and often anchored
to a wall, supported on its shorter length sides by brackets, or otherwise
anchored to cabinetry by brackets, dowels, screws, or nails. Shelves come in a
wide variety of materials, shapes, and heights that depends on their origin, style,
and intended use.

The office shelf is one of the pieces of furniture that can hardly be missing in a
working environment; it can be full of books, folders, document binders abd so
on. Understanding which office shelf to choose for your work space can depend
on many factors: first of all it is certainly useful to take into account the size of the
room, in fact it is good to evaluate the measurements of the walls, understand if
it is necessary to consider a corner shelf or consider the entire height of the
ceiling in order to make the most of the shelf. Another factor that has an
important impact is the style that we have imposed on our office furniture and
which we cannot ignore.

2.1.2. HDF BOARD AS AN ENGINEERING MATERIAL.

While solid wood consists of wood only, High Density Fiberboard (HDF) is an
engineered wood product that is a mixture of wood fiber, real wood, resin, and
adhesives.

When it comes to engineered wood, HDF is a step above MDF and plywood. It
stands for High Density Fiberboard, and like the name suggests, it is the hardest of
the three with a density of 800 to 1040 kilograms per cubic meter. It requires a lot
more heat and pressure when it's manufactured, making it more durable and
comparable to solid wood.

2.2.1. ADVANRAGES OF HDF BOARD.

i. No warping or cracking: This is probably the biggest advantage to HDF over
wood. HDF does not experience movement from expansion and contraction like
traditional wood does, so there is no warping or cracking when you choose this
material.

ii. Smooth Finish: HDF is made from very fine particles, which means there is no
noticeable grain. This can be an advantage for your cabinet project especially if
you're painting and looking for that sleek, flawless finish. When it comes to
painted cabinet doors, we recommend HDF over solid wood.

iii. Versatile: HDF can be cut, routed, and modified easily into different shapes and
sizes with a CNC machine. If you have a project that demands no joints, 1-piece
HDF doors are the recommended choice.

IV. Affordable: HDF is a more affordable, inexpensive option compared to wood.

2.2.2. DISADVANTAGES OF HDF BOARD.

I. Limited finish options: HDF almost always needs to be painted. Since it has no
wood grain, stains don't produce great results. However, you can use vene er to
replicate that natural wood look.

ii. Versatile: HDF can be cut, routed, and modified easily into different shapes and
sizes with a machine.

iii. Affordable: HDF is a more affordable, inexpensive option compared to wood.

2.2.3. COMPARISON BETWEEN EXISTING PRODUCTS

One of the most important purchases consumers make for their home or office is
buying new furniture. It can be fun and exciting to update your space with a new
look and enhance the current décor. There are a myriad of things to consider
when weighing your options including style, shape, color and of course, the price.
However, one of the most important decisions to make does not always come to
mind until you begin your shopping.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0. METHODOLOGY

3.1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. PRESENTATION OF RESULT

4.1. ISOMETRIC VIEW.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1. CONCLUSION
The construction of the shelf is an interesting project work, which was practically carried out, one
problem encountered during the construction of the bookshelf was finance, which was needed in
procuring materials for the construction and also limited the drive to complete this project.

We acquired good skill in the construction of the shelf and it is a good advantages to a CIVIL engineering
student who has the opportunity for the construction of shelf.

5.2. RECOMMENDATION

Having completed my project work, which is on construction of a shelf usind HDF board, with my
experience and observation during this project work.

The institution should equip the engineering workshop with modern civil equipment that when student
are given project work to do, they will move down to the workshop and do the project work accordingly.

Finally, the institution library should be equipped with current edition text books and computers
connected to interned with this student will be able to search information for their project work.