Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2008
2008
1) Skeletal muscle:
a) Botulinum toxin inhibit the release of a cotylchaline from presynaptic terminals.
b) An exciting post-synaptic potential is generated by an influx of Na ions at motor end
plate.
c) Action potential cause release of Ca from longitudinal tubular system.
d) Contraction is initiated by the binding of Ca+2 to myocin
e) Skeletal muscle operate most effectively at the peak of the length tension.
4) Hypermetropia:
a) Far point is vitual
b) Most common type of refractive error in front
c) Latent hypermetropia has magnitude of 2D
d) May mean that presbyopic spectacles are never needed
e) Faculititive hypermetropia is the amount of hypermetropia that can be
overcome by accommodation
5) Slit/lamp:
a) Illumination system consist of collimating lens, filter, an aperture
b) Optics of viewing system form a real inverted image within instrument
c) Image is inverted using prism
d) Variable magnification can be achieved by internal cralielian
telescope.
e) Binoculars microscope has short working distance.
6) Normal binocular vision:
a) Fusion always occur if image fall on corresponding retinal point
b) Horepter is that locus, which for a a given fixation distance, has zero
binocular disparity
c) Pannum’s fusion area in narrow in the periphery.
d) Pannum’s fusion area is small for small object than it is for larger
object when those are viewed at the same location
e) The steropic angle substended by 2 point is defined as the difference
between angles substended by each point at each eye.
7) Contrast sensitivity:
a) A gravity C.S is measured with square wave grating
b) If the light bars of the grating have luminance of 30cd/m2 and dark
bars have luminance of 10cd/m2
c) Peak contrast of the healthy eye is 10 cycle /degree
d) Is with pupil dilation
e) Is independent of background luminance.
8) Red/ green douchrome test:
a) Useful test for dutrope
b) Should be performed in cell patients
c) Can be used to obtain best vision with a spherical lens
d) Is used to ensure myopic, not overcorrected
e) Is a monocular test
9) Long MAR Aluity chart:
a) VA of 1.0 approximently to 616 on smaller chart
b) Currently read letter score 0,0.2 long units
c) There is geometric reading of letter size from line to line
d) Number of letter on each line increase as length become smaller
e) Should rest be view through pinhole
10) Relative spectacle magnification
a) Is defined as the ratio of emmetropic image size to correct image size
b) In axial a metropia(axial myopia), if the spectacle lens is at the
anterior focal point, RSM is 1
c) Myopic, if spectacle lens in closure to the eye than anterior focal point
,RSM>1
d) Index myopia RSM<1
e) Pseudophatic RSM=1
33. In a neuron :
a) A refractory period of a few milliseconds follow transmission of an action
potential
b) Myelination of a nerve fibres increases conduction spe
c) Inhibitory innervations increases membrane repolisation
d) A retrograde impulse will cause transmission across a synapse
e) Axons may branch
34. Calcium:
a) Is absorbed from the intestine by a vitamin C dependant mechanism
b) Is required for blood clotting to occur
c) Is required in the release of neural transmitters
d) Is released from boneby the action of parathyroid hormone.
e) Measured calcium varies with the serum albumin level
35. Growth hormone:
a) Increases protein synthesis in adult
b) Stimulates insulin like growth factor 1
c) Increase the number of muscle fibres
d) Concentration in the plasma in higher an hour after working than while
sleeping
e) Promotes lipolysis
36. Oxytocin:
a) Is released from the posterior pituitary by depolarization of nerve
terminals from the hypothalamus
b) Is produced in the hypothalamus
c) Is a steroid hormone
d) Stimulate contractions of the pregnant uterus
e) Does not across the blood –brain barrier
37. Concerning the heart:
a) The greater and diastolic volume, the greater stroke volume
b) The anteriovanticular node distributes impulses to the atria and ventricles
c) On an electrocardiogram the Twave represents depolarization
d) The mitral valve has tree cusps
e) The mean resting cardiac output is approximately 5 litres / minute.
Vision, ocular physiology and biochemistry :
38. In the corneal endothelium:
a) A tight junctions between the endothelial cells make the endothelium to act
as a barrier to the passage of water
b) The endothelelial cells pumps Na+ into the stroma
c) The Na+-K+ ATpase helps regulate the intraocular pressure
d) The regular hexagonal arrangement of cells is important for the maintenance
of corneal transparency
e) The normal cells account in a young adult approximately equal to 3000/mm2
39. Concerning eye movements:
a) Smooth pursuit movements normally have a maximum velocity of about
40deg/sec
b) Smooth pursuit movements normally be executed without the stimulus of
target motion
c) The inferior celliculus is an important centre for visusmotor processing
d) The flocculus has a role in plassicity of the vestibule-ocular reflex
e) Horizontal saccades are generated in the paramedian reticular formation
d- Neisseria gonorrhea
e- pneumococcus
e- it is a retro virus.
(79) with regard to the speed of malignant tumors, which of the following is?
a- nodal enlargement near a tumor does not necessarily mean dissemination of primary
cancer.
b- basal cell carcinomas do not usually metastasize.