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CHAPTER 1: - PROJECT DETAIL

Rising from SG Highway the commercial hub of Ahmedabad, Shilp Business Gateway is an impressive first -
in-class development forming a powerful footprint for your businesses. This prime office opportunity features
a double-height lobby entrance and plentiful space for productivity and respite for this premium locale.

Shilp Business Gateway gives your business this unique advantage of being at a prime place well connected
and easy to reach with the metro just 10 mins away. We have taken into account the corporate lifestyle and
included amenities like a director’s lounge and excess to their personal lift, recreational area for your staff to
relax and a cafeteria. Shilp Business Gateway is set to become a landmark of SG Highway and take your
business to the next orbit.

Project Name SHILP BUSINESS GATEWAY

Construction Company Name SHILP GROUP
Project Type Commercial
Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Chharodi
Site Location
Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India

Project Area 1.15 Acres

Price per Sq. Ft ₹4498 – 18500
Commercial Office Space (Carpet Area) 2286 Sq. Ft
Commercial Showroom (Carpet Area) 1118 Sq. Ft
Possession by Mar 2026
Status Under Construction
Internship Duration 27/07/2023 to 10/08/2023
TABLE 1.1: - PROJECT DETAIL

FIGURE 1.1: - PROJECT DETAIL

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CHAPTER 2: - INTRODUCTION
2.1 Civil Site Engineers Daily Activities:
1. A shift at site starts with the safety talk, where a site engineer alerts the workmen regarding the
importance of safety in construction and insists on avoiding unsafe acts.
2. Engage manpower (Supervisors, labours, helpers etc) at different locations such that the productivity
of work increases.
3. Then, Safety permits are issued to the concerned workmen for any hot work, work at height etc. after
inspecting the checklist along with safety officer at site.
4. Any lapses on the part of Safety needs to be addressed on an immediate basis.
5. Calculate the quantities (concrete, shutter and other materials) required to cast the structural members
as per the site plan and execute the same by the end of the day.
6. Make a note of material availability and inform the same to the store in-charge (in advance) if there is
any material shortage.
7. Prepare Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) for the required structural members.
8. Study & understand the drawings and make necessary changes in the soft copy (AutoCAD) as suggested
by the manager and get the approval changes by the client.
9. Prepare monthly consumption (material, fuel, manpower etc) report and daily progress reports which
will
10.At the end of the day, the activities carried out in the shift needs to be reported in the daily progress
report.

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2.2 Mentioned below are the 12 basic components a building structure:
1. Roof
2. Parapet
3. Lintels
4. Beams
5. Columns
6. Damp proof course (DPC)
7. Walls
8. Floor
9. Stairs
10.Plinth Beam
11.Foundation
12.Plinth
1. ROOF
The roof forms the topmost component of a building
structure. It covers the top face of the building. Roofs
can be either flat or sloped based on the location and
weather conditions of the area.
2. PARAPET
FIGURE 2.2 :- COMPONENTS OF BUILDING
Parapets are short walls extended above the roof slab.
Parapets are installed for flat roofs. It acts as a safety wall for people using the roof.
3. LINTELS
Lintels are constructed above the wall openings like doors, windows, etc. These structures support the weight
of the wall coming over the opening. Normally, lintels are constructed by reinforced cement concrete. In
residential buildings, lintels can be either constructed from concrete or from bricks.
4. BEAMS AND SLABS
Beams and slabs form the horizontal members in a building. For a single storey building, the top slab forms
the roof. In case of a multi-storey building, the beam transfers the load coming from the floor above the slab
which is in turn transferred to the columns. Beams and slabs are constructed by reinforced cement concrete
(R.C.C).
5. COLUMNS
Columns are vertical members constructed above the ground level. Columns can be of two types: Architectural
columns and structural columns. Architectural columns are constructed to improve the building's aesthetics
while a structural column takes the load coming from the slab above and transfers safely to the foundation.

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6. DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC)
DPC is a layer of waterproofing material applied on the basement level to prevent the rise of surface water
into the walls. The walls are constructed over the DPC.
7. WALLS
Walls are vertical elements which support the roof. It can be made from stones, bricks, concrete blocks, etc.
Walls provide an enclosure and protect against wind, sunshine, rain etc. Openings are provided in the walls
for ventilation and access to the building.
8. FLOORS
The floor is the surface laid on the plinth level. Flooring can be done by a variety of materials like tiles,
granites, marbles, concrete, etc. Before flooring, the ground has to be properly compacted and levelled.
9. STAIRS
A stair is a sequence of steps that connects different floors in a building structure. The space occupied by a
stair is called as the stairway. There are different types of stairs like a wooden stair, R.C.C stair etc.
10.PLINTH BEAM
Plinth beam is a beam structure constructed either at or above the ground level to take up the load of the wall
coming over it.
11.PLINTH
The plinth is constructed above the ground level. It is a cement-mortar layer lying between the substructure
and the superstructure.

12.FOUNDATION
The Foundation is a structural unit that uniformly distributes the load from the superstructure to the underlying
soil. This is the first structural unit to be constructed for any building construction. A good foundation prevents
settlement of the building.

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CHAPTER 3: - FOUNDATION

3.1 When Provided the Different Type of Foundation

Sr.No Type of Foundation When provided

1. Isolated footings Single columns

2. Combined footings Two or more columns

3. Continuous footings Walls (Brick or R.C.C walls)

Distant (far-away) columns especially when one of them is

4. Strap footings
near the edge of the property or plot

When soil has low bearing capacity and area of combined

5. Raft foundation
/ isolated footing is more than 50% of the building plan

6. Pile foundations When loads are heavy, soil has poor bearing capacity

7. Well foundations For bridges, rivers etc.

3.2 Difference Between a Foundation and Footing

Foundation
• A foundation is the lower portion of a building structure
that transfers the building load into the earth.
• A strong foundation is required in order for a building to
stand the test of time and survive for decades or even
centuries.
• Foundations are commonly separated into two
categories:
o Shallow foundations
o Deep foundations
• Building foundation is made by first digging a trench into
the ground. Dig deep enough to reach the subsoil.
• Concrete is then poured into the trench, supported and
strengthened further with steel rods. When the concrete FIGURE 3.1 :- FOUNDATION
dries the steel holds it all together.
• This is a reinforced concrete and once it is in place, the
structure can be built on top.
• Footing includes slab, rebar which are fabricated of
brickwork, masonry or concrete.

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• Footing reinforces support to an individual column.

Footing
• A footing is a foundation that is constructed
under the base of a wall or a column.
• Purpose of the footing is to distribute the
weight of the building over a large area. The
term footing is generally used in conjunction
with shallow foundations not deep
foundations.
• Footing is placed directly below the lowest
part of the structure it supports.
• Foundation types include piles, caissons,
footings, piers the lateral supports and
anchors.
• Foundation is an extensive support because it
gives support to a group of footings as an
FIGURE 3.2: - FOOTING
entire building.

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3.3 Raft or Mat Foundations
• Raft Foundations, also called Mat
Foundations, are most often used when
basements are to be constructed. In a raft, the
entire basement floor slab acts as the
foundation; the weight of the building is
spread evenly over the entire footprint of the
building. It is called a raft because the
building is like a vessel that ‘floats’ in a sea of
soil.
• Mat Foundations are used where the soil is
week, and therefore building loads have to be
spread over a large area, or where columns are
closely spaced, which means that if individual
footings were used, they would touch each FIGURE 3.3 :- RAFT FOUNDATION
other.

3.4 When Raft Foundations Are Used

• A raft foundation is usually preferred under a
number of circumstances:
• It is used for large loads, which is why they
are so common in commercial building which
tend to be much larger, and therefore heavier,
than domestic homes.
• The soil has a low bearing capacity so the
weight of the building needs to be spread out
over a large area to create a stable foundation.
• The ratio of individual footings to total floor
space is high. Typically, if the footings would
cover over half of the construction area, then
raft foundation would be used.
• If the walls of the building are so close that it
would cause the individual footings to
overlap, then raft foundations should be used. FIGURE 3.4 :- RAFT FOUNDATION

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3.5 Advantages of Raft Foundation
• Raft foundations are cheaper and quicker to use than traditional footings.
• The foundation and floor slab is combined, which saves time and materials.
• Less excavation is required.

3.6 Isolated Footing

• An isolated footing is a type of foundation that supports a single column or post. It's usually made of
concrete and reinforced with steel rebar.
• Isolated footings are used when the columns in a structure are spaced far enough apart that each column
can support its own load without interacting with the other columns.
• They're designed to:
• Transfer a superstructure load through a reinforced concrete column to the soil underneath
• Avoid exceeding the bearing capacity of the soil
• Prevent excessive settlement
• Provide safety against overturning or sliding
• Isolated footings are typically circular or square in shape. The side dimension of the footing varies
between 850 mm and 1800 mm, while the depth varies between 100 mm to 470 mm.
• Isolated footings are necessary when the soil on which you're constructing is relatively stable. For
example, if the bed soil consists of red soil or mural soil, which have less settlement on application of
load, or if the depth of bedrock is less.

3.7 Excavation for Foundation

• Excavation is a crucial step in construction that prepares a site for building. It involves removing earth,
rocks, and other materials to create a level and stable foundation for the structure.
• Excavation is used to create: Building foundations, Reservoirs, Roads.
• Some of the different processes used in excavation include: Trenching, Digging, Dredging, Site
development.
• Excavation for a foundation can range from 3 to 4 days and up to 3 weeks.
• The requirements for foundation excavation include:
• Depth: At least 600mm below ground level at completion
• Width: Foundation must be at least 3 times the width of the wall it supports
• Thickness: Concrete to be at least 300mm thick
• The minimum depth of footing on different types of soil is:
• Sandy soil: 0.8 - 1 m
• Rocky soil: 0.05 - 0.5 m
• Clayey soil: 0.9 - 1.6 m

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3.8 Formwork of Footing
• Formwork for footings is constructed after excavation is complete. The size and shape of the formwork
depends on the type and dimensions of the footing.
• To calculate formwork for footings, you can:
• Measure the width and length of the footing.
• Multiply the width and length to determine the area in square feet.
• Measure the depth of the footing.
• Add the depth of the footing to the height of the side forms to determine the total height of the form.
• Formwork for footings can be made from: Wood, Steel, Brick.
• The formwork must be strong because concrete weighs 2.5 metric tons per cubic meter. The joints and
corners of the formwork must be tight so that neither the concrete nor the water can leak out.
• The components of formwork include: Ties, Braces, Studs.
• The cost of formwork is estimated to be 20 to 25% of the total cost of the project.

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CHAPTER 4: - FORMWORK
4.1 What is Formwork?
• The construction of formwork takes time and involves the expenditure of up to 20 to 25% of the cost
of the structure or even more. The design of these temporary structures is made for economic
expenditure. The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. Stripped formwork can be
reused. Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable forms are called stationary forms.
• Timber is the most common material used for formwork. The disadvantage of timber formwork is that
it will warp, swell, and shrink. The application of water-impermeable cost to the surface of wood
mitigates these defects.

4.2 Formwork Design and Layout

• The design and construction of formwork must consider both safety and the required surface finish. The
formwork must be rigid and tight enough to prevent cement slurry loss from fresh concrete or the
formation of fins and honeycombing on the surface. IS 14687 can be consulted for more information
on design, detailing, and so on.
• Formwork and its supports keep their correct shapes and profiles so that the final concrete structure
stays within the specified dimensional tolerances. They must be built to withstand the combination of
self-weight, reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight, concrete pressure, construction and weather
loads, as well as all incidental dynamic effects caused by placing, vibrating, and compacting the
concrete. The reinforcement steel shall never be tied to or supported by the formwork.
• All horizontal and vertical formwork joints on the exposed surface must be staggered in order for the
joint lines to be visible. The size of such panels must be approved by the Engineer in charge before they
are used in the construction of the works if the contractor proposes to make up the formwork from
standard-sized manufactured formwork panels. The finished appearance of the entire elevation of the
structure and adjoining structures shall be considered when planning the pattern of joint lines caused
by formwork and by construction joints to ensure continuity of horizontal and vertical lines.

4.3 Formwork Importance

• No doubt formwork is essential for any construction; its main advantage is that it can’t be replaced with
any other technology.
• Using formwork, concrete structures can be constructed quickly and in the most affordable way.
• During all construction work periods, a formwork offers appropriate access and working platforms that
considerably enhance workers’ scaffold safety.
• Formwork helps in lowering the timeline and costs of the project by lowering the floor-to-floor
construction cycle time, which means more projects can fulfil their budgetary demands.

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• Formwork facilitates construction managers to offer exact on-time shuttering and de–shuttering of
formwork resources, which results in improving project effectiveness and resource usage.
• Formwork is mainly associated with concrete. It helps in producing a smooth finished surface of the
concrete.
• It provides good structural safety by offering solutions against all overlay loads, producing
exceptionally safe and practical structures.

4.4 Components of Formwork

• The various components of formwork are shown in the figure below, and let us study them one by one.

FIGURE 4.1 :- COMPONENTS OF FORMWORK

• Ties: A tie is a tensile unit used to connect opposite sides of formwork. It serves as a balanced
connection or is used to resist the effective pressure of fresh concrete.
• Braces: Braces are used to keep the formwork upright by deterring form deflection under lateral
pressure.
• Studs: Studs in the formwork are used to support sheathing panels and make a framework to keep them
in position.
• Sheathing: Sheathing panel is used to keep the concrete in its required shape and position until it sets
and hardens.
• Wales: Wales are horizontal propping members that are placed against sheathing to directly resist
sheathing pressure.

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• Battens: Battens are vertical members in the formwork which keep cleats and wales uptight and in
position.
• Footing: Footing is the bottommost member which supports the entire formwork.

4.5 Cost/Economy of Formwork

Construction of formwork takes much effort and also consumes up to 20 to 25% of the cost of the whole
structure work. That’s why it is very important to keep it cost-effective parallel to its strength.
Here are some key points which can help reduce the cost of formwork.
• Try to reduce the variation in the building or structure design. It can help to reuse the shuttering again.
And the way of reusing shuttering reduces its cost.
• Economical structure design can reduce the sections of structural members. Reduction of sections can
help to fix less shuttering, as a result, costs can be reduced.
• Proper cutting of plywood and timber can also reduce the cost of shuttering.
• The use of the different engineered systems of form-work can reduce labour costs and save time but as
per material. They are costly, initially, they are not reducing the cost of shuttering. But in large projects
saving time can help to reduce the all-over project cost.

4.6 Requirements of a Good Formwork

• It is very important that the formwork is well supported and strong enough to bear all loads applied to
it.
• Formwork must be aligned and braced well from all sides to keep its original shape.
• It should be watertight to prevent the leakage of cement grout.
• It should be constructed in a proper way so that at the removal stage concrete can be safe.
• The form-work material must be available locally, cheap, and can be used more than one time.
• Try to keep it lightweight as possible to prevent the extra load on supports. Especially in horizontal
shuttering, lightweight formwork also can help to reduce labour costs or effort.
• It must be fixed in line and levels as per the drawing.
• Form-work material should not be damaged or rusted, which affects the quality of concrete finishing.

4.7 Types of Formworks

• There are several types of formworks used in construction. They are discussed below in detail.
1. Timber Formwork
• Timber formwork is the most common type of formwork among all others. Timber forms are
extensively used in construction since the ancient period. Timber formwork is the oldest type of form
used in construction.

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• Timber formwork is one most used in construction among all other types of formwork. It offers onsite
fabrication of the required shape and size. It is easily used in any construction but it may prove time–
consuming for large projects. Plywood formwork material has a short lifespan. Timber Shuttering is
low-cost and easily workable shuttering. It can be cut and joined in any shape and size.

FIGURE 4.2 :- TIMBER FORMWORK

➢ Requirement of Timber Formwork

• Light in weight
• Properly seasoned
• Free from any termite attacks
• Easily workable
➢ Advantages of Timber Formwork
• Timber Shuttering is easy to form any shape, size, and height.
• It is proven economical for small projects.
• It can be made using locally available timber.
• Timber is light–weighted compared to steel or aluminium shuttering.
2. Steel Formwork
• Steel formwork has become more popular due to its strength, durability, and repetitive reuse for a long
period. Steel formwork is costly for small work but can be used for a large number of projects. Steel
shuttering offers a smooth surface finish to concrete compared to timber formwork. It can be used for
circular or curved structures such as tanks, columns, chimneys, sewers, tunnels, and retaining walls.

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FIGURE 4.3 :- STEEL FORMWORK

➢ Advantages of Steel Formwork

• Strong, durable and longer life
• It offers a smooth finish to the surface of the member.
• It is completely waterproof or moisture–proof and minimises the honeycombing effect.
• It can be reused more than 100 times.
• Steel formwork can be fixed and removed with greater ease.
3. Aluminium Formwork
• As we know the density of aluminium is less compared to steel and that makes it light-weighted than
steel. This is the main advantage when compared to steel. Aluminium formwork is almost the same as
formwork made from steel. Shuttering down with aluminium form is proven economical if large
numbers of repeating usage are made in construction. Its major drawback is that no alteration is possible
once the formwork is constructed.

FIGURE 4.4 :- ALUMINIUM FORMWORK

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4. Plywood Formwork
• Plywood formwork is one of re-moulded timber resin-bonded plywood sheets attached to timber frames
to make up panels of the required sizes. It is strong, flexible, and easy to handle. Its life is too short
compared to other materials.

FIGURE 4.5 :- PLYWOOD FORMWORK

4.8 Formwork for Slab

Formwork for slabs, also known as decking or form decking, is used to support and contain the concrete during
the construction of horizontal slabs. Here are the key components and steps involved:
1. Joists or Beams: Horizontal supports for the formwork system.
2. Stringers: Parallel members aligning and supporting formwork panels.
3. Formwork Panels: Flat surfaces creating the slab structure.
4. Props or Shoring: Vertical supports carrying the formwork and concrete load.
5. Formwork Accessories: Clamps, wedges, bolts, and nuts for assembly.
6. Reinforcement: Steel bars or mesh enhancing slab strength.

4.9 Construction of Concrete Formwork

The construction of concrete formwork involves several steps to create temporary structures that shape and
support the poured concrete until it sets and gains sufficient strength. Here is an overview of the process:
1. Design and Planning: Determine formwork dimensions and layout based on drawings.
2. Material Selection: Choose suitable formwork material.
3. Preparation of Formwork Components: Cut and treat panels, fabricate additional components.
4. Foundation Preparation: Level and stabilize the ground.
5. Assembly of Formwork: Erect and connect formwork components securely.
6. Reinforcement Placement: Install steel reinforcement within the formwork.
7. Alignment and Levelling: Ensure formwork is aligned and level.
8. Bracing and Support: Provide adequate support and bracing for formwork.
9. Formwork Inspection: Check for defects and rectify any issues.
10. Concrete Pouring: Carefully pour concrete into the formwork.
11. Concrete Curing: Allow concrete to cure under proper conditions.

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12. Formwork Removal: Remove formwork systematically, taking care not to damage the concrete.

4.10 Removal of Formwork (DE shuttering)

DE shuttering is the process of removing formwork from concrete. It's done when the concrete is strong
enough to support its own weight and any other loads that may be applied during construction.

FIGURE 4.6 :- DE SHUTTERING

The minimum period before the removal of formwork for various types of structures is tabulated below:

Minimum Period Before Removal Of

S.No. Type of Formwork
Formwork
Vertical formwork to columns, walls
1 16-24 hours
and beams
2 Soffit formwork to slabs 3 days

3 Soffit formwork to beam 7 days

Props to slabs
4 Slab spanning up to 4.5 m 7 days
Slab spanning over 4.5 m 14 days

Props to beams and arches

5 Spanning up to 6 m 14 days
Spanning over 6 m 21 days

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4.11 Comparison between Steel & Timber Formwork
Aspect Steel Formwork Timber Formwork
Made of timber, usually plywood or
Material Made of steel, typically steel plates
lumber
Strength High strength and durability Moderate strength and durability
Highly reusable, suitable for repetitive Limited reusability, may require
Reusability
use replacement after multiple uses
Heavyweight, requires heavy machinery Lightweight, can be easily handled
Weight
for handling manually
Installation Requires skilled labour for assembly Requires skilled labour for assembly
Cost Relatively higher initial cost Relatively lower initial cost
Formwork Highly customizable for various shapes
Limited customization options
Customization and sizes
Moisture Resistant to moisture and weather
Can be susceptible to moisture damage
Resistance conditions
Susceptible to fire, requires fire-retardant
Fire Resistance Resistant to fire
treatments
Not environmentally friendly, steel Environmentally friendly, timber is a
Sustainability
production has a higher carbon footprint renewable resource
Surface Finish Provides smooth and consistent finishes May require additional finishing work

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CHAPTER: - 5 CONCRETING

5.1 RMC CASTING

➢ Footing Casting
➢ M35 grade concrete
➢ 450 CM3 concrete required for casting
➢ 6 CM3 par truck therefore, 450/6 = 75 Trucks are required

FIGURE 5.1 :- FOOTING CASTING

➢ PCC
➢ M15 grade concrete
➢ 80 CM3 concrete required for casting
➢ 6 CM3 par truck therefore, 80/6 = 14 Trucks are required

FIGURE 5.2 :- PCC

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➢ Footing step two Casting
➢ M35 grade concrete
➢ 30 CM3 concrete required for casting
➢ 6 CM3 par truck therefore, 30/6 = 5 Trucks

FIGURE 5.3 :- FOOTING STEP TWO CASTING

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CHAPTER 6: - SITE WORK

6.1 REBARING

FIGURE 6.1 :- REBARING

Rebaring is the method of insertion of the Steel bars when, there is change in design or there is some extension
of the present structure. When Steel rod as per drawing has not been installed.

6.2 PLUMBOB MEASUREMENTS

FIGURE 6.2 :- PLUMBOB MEASUREMENTS

A plumb bob is a measuring instrument that uses gravity to establish what is "plumb" or vertical. It consists of
a rope or tape, a sensing weight, and an electromechanically driven reel. A plumb bob and line can determine
a vertical reference. If mounted on a scale, it can also be used as an inclinometer to measure angles to the
vertical.

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6.3 BAR BENDING

FIGURE 6.3 :- BAR BENDING

Bar bending is the process of shaping reinforcement steel bars according to design specifications for reinforced
concrete structures. A bar bending schedule is created, detailing bar diameters, bending shapes with
dimensions, and quantities. Skilled workers then use specialized tools to bend the bars accordingly. This
process aids in accurate steel estimation, ensures structural integrity, and involves quality control measures.
The documentation of the bar bending schedule is essential for record-keeping and project management.
6.4 FOOTING MARKING

FIGURE 6.4 :- FOOTING MARKING

Bar bending is the process of shaping reinforcement steel bars according to design specifications for reinforced
concrete structures. A bar bending schedule is created, detailing bar diameters, bending shapes with
dimensions, and quantities. Skilled workers then use specialized tools to bend the bars accordingly. This
process aids in accurate steel estimation, ensures structural integrity, and involves quality control measures.
The documentation of the bar bending schedule is essential for record-keeping and project management.

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6.5 PCC WORK

FIGURE 6.5 :- PCC WORK

PCC stands for plain cement concrete. It's a construction material used in engineering for various applications
6.6 STAFF READING

FIGURE 6.6 :- STAFF READING

A levelling staff is a tool used to determine the difference in height between two points. The foot of the staff
represents zero reading, and the reading increases with height.
To read a staff using a dumpy level, you can:
1. Locate the person holding the staff through the dumpy level
2. Aim with one eye and try to line it up with the staff on the other side
3. Move closer and fine-tune with a turn screw
4. Adjust the focus knob until you can see the staff
5. Take the reading

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CHAPTER 7: -EQUIPMENTS

7.1 TOWER CRANE

FIGURE 7.1 :- TOWER CRANE

A tower crane is a machine that uses a hoist rope, chains, or sheaves to move, lift, and lower heavy construction
materials. They are a vital component in the construction of tall buildings, massive structures, and complex
projects.
7.2 TOTAL STATION

FIGURE 7.2 :- TOTAL STATION

Total station equipment is a surveying instrument that combines an electronic theodolite and an electronic
distance meter (EDM) to measure horizontal and vertical angles and distances.

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7.3 CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK

FIGURE 7.3 :- CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK

A concrete mixer truck, also known as a cement truck or agitator truck, is a heavy-duty vehicle that transports
ready-mixed concrete to construction sites. The truck has a mixing drum and specialized mixing mechanisms
to mix the concrete inside the rotating drum. The trucks also have an interior turbine that pushes the mixed
concrete up against gravity inside the drum.
7.4 ELECTRIC MOTOR

FIGURE 7.4 :- ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It works by passing a
current-carrying wire loop through an electromagnet's magnetic field. This process uses electromagnetism,
which states that a force is applied when an electric current is present in a magnetic field.
7.5 EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT

FIGURE 7.5 :- EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT

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Excavation is the act or process of digging, especially when something specific is being removed from the
ground. Archaeologists use excavation to find artefacts and fossils. There are many types of excavation, but
they all involve digging holes in the earth.
Two types equipment’s are used on site
1. Crawler Excavators
2. Wheeled Excavators
7.6 DUMPY LEVEL

FIGURE 7.6 :- DUMPY LEVEL

A dumpy level is a surveying and building instrument used to measure height differences and establish or
check points in the same horizontal plane. It can also be used to determine the elevations of different points
and the distance between points of the same elevation.
7.7 EARTH COMPACTOR

FIGURE 7.7 :- EARTH COMPACTOR

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An earth compactor is a machine that can compact different types of soil, broken rocks, and other
materials. They are often used in the construction industry.
7.8 NEEDLE VIBRATOR

FIGURE 7.8 :- NEEDLE VIBRATOR

A needle vibrator, also known as an internal vibrator, is a tool used when pouring fresh concrete. It's commonly
used in construction projects where strong and dense concrete is important, such as foundations, slabs, walls,
and columns.

Gujarat Technological University 26 SSIT, Gandhinagar

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CHAPTER: - 8 CONCLUSION

• I am pleased to reflect upon my enriching 15-day internship experience at SHILP Business Gateway, where
I had the opportunity to immerse myself in the dynamic field of civil engineering with a focus on a
commercial project. This internship has been a pivotal chapter in my academic and professional journey,
providing invaluable insights and hands-on experience that will undoubtedly shape my future endeavours.
• Throughout the internship, I had the privilege of working alongside seasoned professionals who generously
shared their expertise. I was exposed to various aspects of civil engineering, from project planning and
design to execution and management. The hands-on experience on-site allowed me to apply theoretical
knowledge to real-world scenarios, enhancing my problem-solving skills and technical proficiency.
• The SHILP Business Gateway project proved to be an ideal learning ground. The scope of the commercial
project was vast, encompassing diverse elements such as foundation design, structural analysis, and
construction management. Witnessing the project's life cycle from initiation to completion provided a
comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in large-scale commercial developments.
• Working within a multidisciplinary team was one of the highlights of this internship. Effective
communication and collaboration were essential for the seamless execution of tasks. I had the privilege of
learning from experienced engineers, architects, and project managers, fostering a collaborative and
inclusive work environment.
• No project is without its challenges, and the SHILP Business Gateway was no exception. However, facing
these challenges head-on allowed me to develop resilience and adaptability. Collaborating with my
mentors and peers, I learned the importance of effective problem-solving, critical thinking, and quick
decision-making in the field of civil engineering.
• This internship has been a transformative experience, significantly contributing to my professional growth.
The exposure to real-world scenarios has instilled in me a sense of responsibility and a deeper appreciation
for the multifaceted nature of civil engineering projects. I have gained confidence in applying my
knowledge to practical situations and have honed my ability to work effectively within a professional
setting.
• I extend my gratitude to the entire team at SHILP Business Gateway for their unwavering support and
guidance throughout this internship. Special thanks to my mentors, whose expertise and mentorship have
been instrumental in my learning journey.
• In conclusion, the SHILP Business Gateway internship has been a transformative experience, providing
me with the skills, knowledge, and confidence needed to embark on a successful career in civil engineering.
I look forward to applying these lessons in future endeavours, contributing to the continued progress of
the field.

Gujarat Technological University 27 SSIT, Gandhinagar