Introduction to Mass

Communication
Lecture 23
Recap
Print Media
Organs of Mass Communication
 Print Media

- Newspapers
- Books
- Magazines
Elements of Communication
 Sender
 Receiver
 Channel
 Feedback
 Context
 Types of Communication
 Mass Communication
 Intra personal Communication
 Inter personal Communication
 Printing
 Block Printing
- 868 A.D. - China
- Diamond Sutra

 Scroll
- Egypt

 1443
- Printing Press ------- Germany
- Johannes Gottenberg
 1947 – Shannon-Weaver’s
Model of Communication
 Sender
 Message
 Channel
 Receiver
 Feedback
 Context
1947 – Shannon- Weaver’s
Model of Communication

Feedback
Schramm-Osgood’s Interactive
Model, 1954
Field of Experience Field of Experience

Sender Encoder Signal Decoder Receiver

Noise
 Lasswell Formula (1948)

Who? Says What? In What To Whom? With what

Channel? Effect?

Communicator Message Channel Receiver Effect

Control Content Medium Audience Effects

Research Research Research Research Research
 Forms of Communication

 Verbal Communication
 Non verbal Communication
 Forms of Communication
 Verbal Communication
- Language ( spoken, written )

Non verbal Communication

- Senses
- Voice accentuation
- Body gestures
 Behaviours of Language

 Polarization
 Labeling
 Propaganda
To hammer that side of an issue
which only suits one party.
Advertising
 1605
– Relations, France.

 1690
- Public Occurrences, first U.S. Newspaper.

 1704
- Newsletter, Boston.
- 1st ad (real estate’s) was given.
Communication and Culture
 Enculturation
 The process of passing on culture from
one generation to the next is referred to
as enculturation.
 Acculturation
 The process of adopting or learning the
rules and norms of a culture different
from one’s own native culture is
acculturation.
 Culture/ Cultural Shock

 The anxiety and feelings felt when people

have to operate within an entirely different
culture or social environment.
 Stereotyping
a typical hurdle in mass communication
Renaissance
 Newspapers
 1605
– Relations, France.

 1690
– Public Occurrences, first U.S.
Newspaper.

 1704
– John Campbell publishes the Boston
News-Letter.
 1733 – Peter Zenger was put in jail for
New York Weekly content, but wins
case against New York for seditious
libel.
Newspapers in Sub-continent
 Bengal
- The Hickey's Bengal Gazette or the
Calcutta General Advertiser was started by
James Augustus Hickey in 1780 and is
regarded as the first regular publication
from the Indian soil.
 URDU Press
 In 1822 the Persian weekly Jam-e-
Jahan Numa was first time published in
Urdu.

 On January 14, 1850 Munshi Harsukh

Rai started weekly Kohinoor from
Lahore. With a circulation of only 350 it
was the largest circulated newspaper of
that time.
 TELEGRAPH
 Samuel F. B. Morse
 May 14, 1844
 Message sent from
Baltimore to Washington
D.C.
 Message was: “What hath
Samuel F. B. Morse God wrought?”
Morse Code
TELEPHONE

Alexander Graham Bell

March 7, 1876
 TELEX
 In 1935, telex machine was introduced.
 Teletype
 45.5 bits per second
Regulation of Media
 Media Management
 Editorial
 Business
 Press