CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237

PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 1 of 43

INFORMATION SHEET 171.15-2

SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING FOR CORROSION CONTROL ASSESSMENT
AND MAINTENANCE

A. INTRODUCTION
Corrosion resistant painting provides tough, durable finishes with excellent anti-corrosion
properties, flexibility, color stability and film integrity while exposed to hostile
environments. When properly done, surface preparation complements the performance of
the coating system. This lesson is an overview for surface preparation and painting for
corrosion control.
B. REFERENCES
1. T9630-AB-MMD-010, Corrosion Control Assessment and Maintenance Manual
(CCAMM)
2. Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) S9086-VD-STM-010 Naval Ships’ Technical
Manual (NSTM) 631, Preservation of Ships in Service - General
3. Naval Education and Training (NAVEDTRA) 14343A, Boatswain’s Mate
4. NAVEDTRA 14256, Tools and Their Uses
5. Manufacturer’s Technical Manuals
6. NAVSEA 0900-LP-082-3010, Ship Hull Structure Maintenance and Repair
7. NAVSEA S9086-VF-STM-010, NSTM 634, Deck Coverings
8. MIL-DTL-24441D (SH), Detail Specification Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide, General
Specification For
9. MIL-PRF-23236D, Performance Specification Coating Systems for Ship Structures
10. MIL-PRF-24667, Performance Specification Coating System, Non-Skid, for Roll, Spray,
or Self-Adhering Application
11. MIL-PRF-24712B, Performance Specification Coatings, Powder, Thermosetting
12. MIL-PRF-32171B, Performance Specification Deck Coatings, High Durability
13. NAVSEA Standard Item 009-26, Deck Covering Requirements, Accomplish
14. Commander, Naval Surface Forces Instruction (COMNAVSURFORINST)/Commander,
Naval Air Forces Instruction (COMNAVAIRFORINST) 9634.2, Deck Non-skid
Application, Inspection, Training, Quality Assurance and Reporting Procedures
C. INFORMATION
1. Introduction.
a. Corrosion resistant painting provides tough, durable finishes with excellent anti-
corrosion properties, flexibility, color stability and film integrity while exposed to
hostile environments. When properly done, surface preparation complements the

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 2 of 43

performance of the coating system. This lesson is an overview for surface

preparation and painting for corrosion control.
2. Safety precautions.
a. Specific warnings, cautions, and notes regarding the system and equipment appear
throughout the technical manuals following paragraph headings and immediately
preceding the text to which they apply.
1) Warning - Used to draw special attention to potential hazardous situations which
if not avoided could result in minor personal injury, serious injury, or death.
2) Caution - Used to draw special attention to anything that could damage equipment
or cause the loss of data and includes what could happen if the caution is ignored.
3) Note - Used to highlight essential procedure(s) by visually distinguishing it from
the rest of the text and can contain any type of information except safety
information.
3. Coating performance.
a. The surface is where the substrate and the elements first meet. On the surface, the
object may be subject to the sun, rain, ice, and wind. The typical effects seen on the
surface include rust on metal surfaces and other forms of corrosion, as shown in
Figure 171.15-2.1.

Figure 171.15-2.1: Effects of Corrosion on the Surface (Typical)

b. The most important single factor in securing good paint performance is proper surface
preparation. Dirt, oil, grease, and rust or mild scale must be removed completely, and
the surface must be thoroughly dry.
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 3 of 43

c. Surfaces to be coated shall be completely free from rust, loose paint, dirt, scale, oil,
grease, salt deposits, moisture, and other contaminants.
4. Surface cleaning methods.
a. The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)-SP 1, Solvent Cleaning.
1) Solvent cleaning covers the requirements for cleaning steel surfaces to remove all
visible oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and other soluble
contaminates from steel surfaces.
2) Methods of solvent cleaning:
a) Begin by removing heavy oil or grease with a scraper then use any of the
following methods.
i. Wipe or scrub the surface with rags or brushes wetted with solvent. Use
clean solvent and clean rags or brushes for the final wiping, as shown in
Figure 171.15-2.2.

Figure 171.15-2.2: Clean Solvent and Rag (Typical)

ii. Spray the surface with solvent. Use clean solvent for the final spraying.
iii. Vapor degrease using stabilized chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents.
iv. Immerse completely in a tank or tanks of solvent. For the last
immersion, use solvent which does not contain detrimental amounts of
contaminant.
v. Emulsion or alkaline cleaners may be used in place of the methods
described. After treatment, wash the surface with fresh water or steam
to remove detrimental residues.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 4 of 43

vi. Steam clean, using detergents or cleaners and follow by steam or fresh
water to remove detrimental residues.
b. SSPC-SP 2, Hand Tool Cleaning.
1) Hand tool cleaning refers to surface preparation that uses non-power handheld
tools to clean a steel surface. Hand tool cleaning is intended to remove all loose
mill scale, rust, paint and other contaminants that may be detrimental to a coating
application. According to the SSPC, “loose” contaminants are those that can’t be
removed by lifting off with a dull putty knife.
2) Before performing hand tool cleaning, remove visible oil, grease, soluble welding
residues, and salts, using methods of SSPC-SP 1.
3) Methods of hand tool cleaning:
a) Use impact hand tools to remove stratified rust (rust scale) and weld slag.
b) Use hand wire brushing, hand abrading, hand scraping, or other similar non-
impact methods to remove all loose mill scale, all loose or non-adherent rust,
and all loose paint, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.3.

Figure 171.15-2.3: Hand Tool Cleaning with Wire Brush (Typical)

c) Regardless of the method used for cleaning, if specified in the procurement

documents, feather edges of remaining old paint so that the repainted surface
can have a reasonably smooth appearance.
d) If approved by the owner, use power tools or blast cleaning as a substitute
cleaning method for this specification.
4) After hand tool cleaning and prior to painting, remove dirt, dust, or similar
contaminates from the surface, acceptable methods include brushing, blow off
with clean, dry air, or vacuum cleaning.
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 5 of 43

c. SSPC-SP 3, Power Tool Cleaning.

1) As in hand tool cleaning, SSPC-SP 3 is a method of steel surface preparation
intended to remove all loose mill scale, rust, paint and other contaminants that
may be detrimental to a coating application.
a) SSPC-SP 3 differs in that it uses power tools to clean the surface.
2) Before power tool cleaning, remove visible oil, grease, soluble welding residues,
and salts, using methods of SSPC-SP 1.
3) Methods of power tool cleaning:
a) Use rotary or impact power tools to remove stratified rust (rust scale), as
shown in Figure 171.15-2.4.

Figure 171.15-2.4: Power Tool Cleaning (Typical)

b) Use rotary or impact power tools to remove all weld slag.

c) Use power wire brushing, power abrading, power impact or other power
rotary tools to remove all loose mill scale, all loose or non-adherent rust, and
all loose paint. Do not burnish the surface.
d) Operate tools in a manner to prevent the formation of burrs, sharp edges and
sharp cuts.
e) Regardless of the method used for cleaning, if specified in the procurement
documents, feather edges of remaining old paint so that the repainted surface
can have a reasonably smooth appearance.
f) If approved by the owner, use blast cleaning as a substitute cleaning method
for this specification.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 6 of 43

4) After power tool cleaning and before painting, remove dirt, dust, or similar
contaminates from the surface. Acceptable methods include brushing, blow off
with clean, dry air, or vacuum cleaning.
d. SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal.
1) This standard describes the requirements for taking a surface to bare metal, as
shown in Figure 171.15-2.5, while ensuring a minimum surface profile of 1 mil
(25 micrometers). It is used in situations where abrasive blasting is not possible
or feasible.

Figure 171.15-2.5: Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal (Typical)

a) Unlike SSPC-SP 3, this standard requires the creation or preservation of a

surface profile. Unlike SSPC-SP 15, this standard does not allow for stains
from mill scale, rust or paint to remain on the surface.
2) The media used to clean the surface shall consist of:
a) Non-woven abrasive wheels and discs.
b) Coated abrasive discs (sanding discs) coated abrasive flap wheels, coated
abrasive bands or other coated abrasive tools capable of running on power
tools.
3) The media used to produce a surface profile shall consist of the following:
a) Rotary impact flap assembly.
b) Needle gun.
c) Cutter bundles.
d) Hammer (frailer) assemblies.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 7 of 43

4) Before power tool cleaning, remove visible oil, grease, soluble welding residues,
and salts, using methods of SSPC-SP 1. Nonvisible surface contaminates such as
soluble salts shall be treated to the extent specified by procurement documents.
5) Power tool cleaning methods.
a) Any method or combination of methods may be used to achieve a bare metal
power tool cleaned surface.
b) Other methods may be used by mutual agreement between contracting parties.
c) Regardless of the method used for cleaning, if specified in the procurement
documents, feather edges of remaining old paint so that the repainted surface
can have a reasonably smooth appearance.
6) After power tool cleaning and before painting, remove dirt, dust, or similar
contaminates from the surface. Acceptable methods include brushing, blow off
with clean, dry air, or vacuum cleaning.
5. Hand tools for surface preparation.
a. The most used hand tools are sandpaper, a steel-wire brush, and a hand scraper.
b. Paint scraper. Scrapers, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.6, are most useful for removing
rust and paint from small areas and from plating less than one-fourth of an inch thick,
where it is impractical or impossible to use power tools.

Figure 171.15-2.6: Paint Scraper (Typical)

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 8 of 43

c. Chipping hammer. Impact tools, such as chipping hammers, chisels, and scalers shall
be used to remove rust scale and any heavy buildup of old coatings, as shown in
Figure 171.15-2.7.

Figure 171.15-2.7: Chipping Hammer and Chisel (Typical)

1) Before personnel can work with such a hammer, they shall be trained to use only
enough force to remove the paint.
2) When a great deal of force is required to remove the paint, the paint is still good
and should not be chipped off. Feather the edges with a wire brush (hand or
power).
3) A chipping hammer is not sharpened like a cutting tool, but like the blade of an
ice skate. First, square the edge. Then, grind away alternately on both bevels
until the squared face is from one sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch wide.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 9 of 43

d. Wire brush. A hard wire brush, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.8, is a handy tool for
light work on rust or on light coats of paint. It is also used for brushing around weld
spots. When the surface is pitted, use a steel wire brush to clean out the pits.

Figure 171.15-2.8:Wire Brush (Typical)

e. Putty knife. A dull putty knife, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.9, may be used to
remove loose coating, thereby exposing the rusted areas.
1) Coatings, mill scale, and foreign matter are considered tightly adherent if they
cannot be removed by lifting with a dull putty knife.
2) Carefully scraping off a blister with a dull putty knife will make it easy to
determine the nature of the blister.

Figure 171.15-2.9: Putty Knife (Typical)

f. Sandpaper. Sandpaper is indispensable in cleaning coamings.

1) The usual procedure is to go over the surface first with a coarse sandpaper and
polish it with one of the fine grades.
2) Do not polish any more than what the final finish requirements dictate: paints
bond best to clean surfaces that are rough enough to provide “mechanical teeth.”
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 10 of 43

3) There are several kinds of sandpaper, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.10. In general,

they can be divided into two types: those that are natural abrasives and those that
are artificial abrasives.

Figure 171.15-2.10: Sandpaper (Typical)

a) The flint and garnet grits of ordinary sandpaper are natural abrasives. Emery
and corundum, which are used in the production of some of the cheaper
grades of abrasive sheets, are also natural abrasives.
b) Artificial abrasives have largely replaced the natural abrasives used on metal.
The two principal artificial abrasives are silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
4) The size of abrasive is indicated by code number, ranging from 4 to 5/0 (or
00000).
5) Garnet and artificial abrasives:
a) Fine: 2/0 to 5/0 (100-180 mesh).
b) Medium: 1 to 0 (50-80 mesh).
c) Coarse: 2 1/2 to 1 1/2 (30-40 mesh).
d) Very coarse abrasive: 4 or 3 is (16-24 mesh).
6) Flint paper or emery cloth:
a) Fine: 0 to 3/0.
b) Medium: 1 1/2 to 1/2.
c) Coarse: 3 to 2.
7) There is a waterproof type of sandpaper. This sandpaper usually consists of a
better grade of garnet grit, bonded (made to stick on the paper) with a special
resin.
a) These sheets may then be used with water or oil for wet sanding.
b) Ordinary sandpaper will disintegrate when used with liquids.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 11 of 43

6. Power tools for surface preparation.

a. Safety tips for power tools:
1) Be trained and qualified for the tool.
2) Always wear eye, hearing and respiratory protection, as required when using
power tools.
3) Use only clean, dry, and regulated air to prevent damage to the internal workings
of the tool.
4) Never allow an air tool to operate at full throttle without a workload on the tool.
5) Never start a percussion-type air tool (chippers, breakers, busters, and so on)
without securing the tooling in the retainer and placing the tip against the work
surface.
6) Never operate an air tool without the guards in place.
7) Work in a well-ventilated area, and work with approved safety equipment, such as
dust masks that are specifically designed to filter out microscopic particles, as
shown in Figure 171.15-2.11.

Figure 171.15-2.11: Needle Gun in Operation (Typical)

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 12 of 43

b. Of primary importance is the selection the appropriate power tool.

c. Needle gun scaler. The needle gun scaler is used to remove rust, scale, and old paint
from steel surfaces aboard ship, refer back to Figure 171.15-2.11.
1) Extra care must be taken when using the needle gun because it will “chew up”
anything in its path.
2) The needle gun scaler uses an assembly of needles impacting the surface hundreds
of times a minute.
3) The main advantage is that it can clean out irregular surfaces.
4) The needles self-adjust to the contour of various surfaces, refer back to Figure
171.15-2.11. Do not use the needle gun scaler on light-metal surfaces because it
will pit the surface.
5) Operating procedure:

WARNING

Always wear required Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) when

using this tool. Adopt a firm footing and grip.

a) Select proper size needle for the job.

i. 2 mm for light scale and paint removal.
ii. 3 mm for heavy scale.
iii. 4 mm for extra heavy scale and non-skid.
b) Verify the air Filter, Regulator and Lubricator (FRL) is installed at the low-
pressure outlet and has enough oil.
c) Inspect air filter for water and drain if necessary.
d) Lubricate air inlet of the needle gun with a few drops of oil.
e) Connect the hose to the tool.
f) Open the air supply valve and set to 90 Pounds per Square Inch (PSI).
g) Keep air chord or electric cable clear of work area.
h) Hold needles firmly against the surface and squeeze the lever / trigger.
i. Grip the needle gun with both hands.
ii. Place one hand on the needle tube and the other hand on the barrel for best
control.
i) Do not apply heavy pressure, as damage to the surface area may result.
j) Move the needles slowly over the surface.
k) Expose additional needle length as needed.
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 13 of 43

i. Loosen allen screw on from tube.

ii. Move the front tube back on the intermediate tube until appropriate
length of needle is exposed.
d. Pneumatic piston scaler (knuckle buster). The scaler, as shown in Figure 171.15-
2.12, is a hard-hitting tool used to remove heavy rust, thick scale, paint or hard
industrial coatings from metal surfaces.

Figure 171.15-2.12: Pneumatic Piston Scaler (Typical)

1) Operating procedure:
a) Verify the air FRL is installed at the low-pressure outlet and has enough oil.
i. Inspect the air filter for water and drain if necessary.
b) Lubricate the air inlet of the needle gun with a few drops of oil.
c) Connect the hose to the tool.
d) Open the air supply valve and set to 90 PSI.
e) Keep air chord or electric cable clear of work area.
f) Grip the needle gun with both hands and squeeze the lever / trigger.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 14 of 43

e. Deck crawlers. Deck crawlers, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.13, are electric-powered

and have a bundle of cutters (or chippers) mounted on either side. It is pushed along
the surface to be scaled, and the rotating cutters do the work.

Figure 171.15-2.13: Deck Crawler (Typical)

1) They are used to remove heavy paint coatings, rust or non-skid from steel decks.
It should not be used on aluminum decks.
2) Operating procedures:

WARNING

Always wear required PPE when using this tool. Adopt a firm footing
and grip.

a) Check condition of cutter wheels and replace if worn.

b) Verify that it has been electrically safety checked. Plug in the crawler to a
115V outlet.
c) Don goggles or a full-face shield, rubber insulating gloves, ear protection and
dust respirator.
d) Hold crawler firmly and start.
e) Move it slowly forward and backward over the deck until all surface coating
corrosion is removed.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 15 of 43

f) Do not allow the crawler to remain in one spot. This will remove unnecessary
metal and dull the cutters.
f. Disc sanders. The disc sander, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.14, is useful where a
large amount of material must be quickly removed. It is especially useful on light
gauge metal which would be damaged by chipping.
1) It should not be used on aluminum.

Figure 171.15-2.14: Disc Sander in Operation (Typical)

WARNING

Always wear required PPE when using this tool. Adopt a firm footing
and grip and be aware of torque reaction developed by the sander.
Ensure the material being sanded is firmly fixed to avoid movement.
Do not exceed maximum recommended air pressure. Do not use
where there is a possibility of contact with live electricity, gas pipes,
and/or water pipes. Keep hands clear of the spinning disc during use.

2) Operating procedure:
a) Start by depressing the trigger.
b) Apply the top semicircle of the rotating disc to the surface at a very shallow
angle.
c) Tip the machine lightly with just enough pressure to bend the disk.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 16 of 43

d) Move the disc smoothly and use long sweeping motions back and forth while
advancing along the surface.
e) Do not allow the sander to stay in one place or tilt too much. This will cause
it to dig into the metal and gouge.
g. Power wire brush. This tool is pneumatic or electrically powered. The power wire
brush, wheel and cup type, can be attachments to power tools, as shown in Figure
171.15-2.15.
1) The light-duty brushes are made of crimped wire, and the heavy-duty brushes are
made of tufts of wire formed by twisting together several strands of wire.

Figure 171.15-2.15: Wire Brush, Wheel and Cup Types (Typical)

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 17 of 43

2) It is effective in removing paint, loose mill scale and weld slag, as shown in
Figure 171.15-2.16.

Figure 171.15-2.16: Cup Type Brush Cleaning (Typical)

3) Operating procedure.

WARNING

Always wear required PPE when using this tool. Adopt a firm footing
and grip and be aware of torque reaction developed by the wire brush.
Ensure the material being cleaned is firmly fixed to avoid movement.
Do not exceed maximum recommended air pressure. Do not use
where there is a possibility of contact with live electricity, gas pipes,
and/or water pipes. Keep hands clear of the spinning brush during use.

a) If electric, verify an electrical safety check is completed and wear insulating

rubber gloves.
b) If pneumatic, wear leather gloves and:
i. Verify that air FRL is installed at the low-pressure outlet and has enough
oil.
ii. Inspect the air filter for water and drain if necessary.
iii. Lubricate the air inlet of grinder with a few drops of oil.
iv. Connect the hose to the tool.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 18 of 43

v. Open the air supply valve and set to 80 PSI.

c) Verify the operating speed, stamped on the brush, does not exceed the
operating speed for the tool.
d) Start the tool. Hold firmly with both hands and apply the wire brush to the
surface.
e) Keep the air chord or electric cable clear of work area.
f) Move the brush slowly over the surface.
h. Portable grinders. The most useful power tool for surface preparation is the portable
grinder, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.17.

Figure 171.15-2.17: Portable Grinder (Typical)

1) It comes equipped with a grinding wheel, which for wire brushing purposes, is
replaced by either the rotary wheel wire brush or the rotary cup wire brush.

WARNING

Always wear required PPE when using this tool. Adopt a firm footing
and grip and be aware of torque reaction developed by the grinder.
Ensure the material being grinded is firmly fixed to avoid movement.
Do not exceed maximum recommended air pressure. Do not use
where there is a possibility of contact with live electricity, gas pipes,
and/or water pipes. Keep hands clear of the spinning pad during use.

2) Operating procedure:
a) If electric, verify an electrical safety check is completed and wear insulating
rubber gloves.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 19 of 43

b) If pneumatic, wear leather gloves and:

i. Verify that air FRL is installed at the low-pressure outlet and has enough
oil.
ii. Inspect the air filter for water and drain if necessary.
iii. Lubricate the air inlet of grinder with a few drops of oil.
iv. Connect the hose to the tool.
v. Open the air supply valve and set to 80 PSI.
c) Start the tool. Hold firmly with both hands and apply to the surface, as shown
in Figure 171.15-2.18.

Figure 171.15-2.18: Portable Grinder in Operation (Typical)

d) Keep the air chord or electric cable clear of work area.

e) Move the grinder back and forth or up and down over the work area.
f) Keep the grinder moving so that an excessive amount of material is not
removed from one area.
g) If it is held in one spot too long, it will gouge and cut grooves.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 20 of 43

h) If it is held at too sharp an angle, it will also gouge the workpiece because of
concentration of pressure on a small area.
i) Use just enough pressure to keep the grinder from chattering or bouncing.
Heavy pressure will decrease its speed and put a strain on the motor.
j) Normally the weight of the tool alone is adequate for most grinding jobs.
k) Use light pressure when grinding jagged edges or loose bolts where there is
the potential for the grinder to snag on the metal edge.
l) Lift the grinder away from the workpiece before turning it off.
i. Orbital sander. This tool allows for proper blending and adhesion of new paint over
loose, old, or cracked paint, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.19.

Figure 171.15-2.19: Orbital Sander in Operation (Typical)

1) Process - The edges of tightly adherent old paint remaining around the area shall
be tapered (feathered) by sanding as to give a natural appearance to the finished
job.

WARNING

Always wear required PPE when using this tool. Adopt a firm footing
and grip and be aware of torque reaction developed by the sander.
Ensure the material being sanded is firmly fixed to avoid movement.
Do not exceed maximum recommended air pressure. Do not use
where there is a possibility of contact with live electricity, gas pipes,
and/or water pipes.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 21 of 43

2) Operation:
a) Use a clean lubricated air supply that will give a measured air pressure at the
tool of 6.2 bar (90 PSI).
i. It is strongly recommended that an air FRL be used to supply clean,
lubricated air at the correct pressure.
ii. Appropriate air pressure regulators shall always be used while operating
this tool when the supply pressure exceeds the marked maximum of the
tool.
iii. If FRL equipment is not used, the tool should be manually lubricated.
Disconnect the airline and put 2 to 3 drops of suitable pneumatic motor
lubricating oil into the hose end (inlet) of the tool. Reconnect to the air
supply and run slowly for a few seconds to allow air to circulate the oil.
b) It is recommended to use an approved 10 mm (3/8 in) x 8 m (25 ft) maximum
length airline.
c) Connect to the air supply. Do not connect the tool to the airline system
without an easily accessible air shut off valve.

WARNING

Immediately release the start handle in the event of any disruption of

pressure; do not attempt to re-start until the disruption has been
corrected.

d) Fully depress the lever to operate tool. It can run at lower pressures but
should never be run higher than 6.2 bar (90 PSI). Running at lower pressures,
reduces the performance.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 22 of 43

7. Surface preparation.
a. Preparation of painted surfaces, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.20, includes the removal
of surface contaminants, corrosion, old paint, moisture, blending (touch-up paint),
and roughening the surface (old paint in good condition).

Figure 171.15-2.20: Surface Preparation for Painting (Typical)

b. Paint will perform effectively only if applied to a surface that has been properly
prepared. The initial cost of adequate surface preparation is justified because the
intended coating service life can only be achieved if the paint is applied over a
properly prepared surface.
c. Selection of surface preparation methods shall be based on:
1) Nature of substrate.
2) Existing condition of surface to be painted.
3) Type of exposure.
4) History of the surface to be preserved.
5) Whenever liquid penetrant testing is scheduled or foreseen.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 23 of 43

NOTE

In accordance with NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-010/271, peening, shot,

abrasive grit, and vapor blasting shall not be performed on surfaces
before liquid penetrant testing. This requirement shall not be waived
unless specific prior approval has been obtained from NAVSEA.

6) Practical limitations such as time, location, space, and equipment availability.

7) Economic considerations.
8) Type of paint to be applied.
9) Safety factors.

WARNING

Most surface preparation methods generate noise levels in excess of

85 decibels. Precautionary measures specified in NAVMEDCOM
6260.5, Occupational Noise Control and Hearing Conservation shall be
taken in these circumstances. Personnel working on surface
preparation shall wear approved hearing protective devices and shall
be given periodic audiometric examinations. All noise hazard areas
shall be posted with appropriate warning signs.

d. Surface contaminants shall be removed to ensure coating adhesion and minimize the
possibility of defects such as blistering, peeling, flaking, and under-film rusting.
1) Surfaces to be painted for preservation shall be completely free of mill scale,
corrosion, loose paint, dirt, oil, grease, salt deposits, and moisture.
2) Oil or grease shall be removed to prevent embedding contaminants during surface
preparation before using hand tools, power tools, or abrasive blasting surface
preparation using solvent cleaning, as described in SSPC-SP 1.
3) Rusted surfaces shall be freshwater rinsed, where practicable, to remove water
soluble contaminants before abrasive blasting or additional surface preparation by
other means.
4) For non-critical coated surfaces, weld spatter and flux compounds should be
removed by grinding or chipping in order to prevent premature paint failure on
the welds.
e. Removing old paints. When less than full re-preservation is being performed,
removal of old paint shall go beyond the visibly defective areas until an area of
completely intact and adhering paint film is reached, with no rust or blisters
underneath.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 24 of 43

1) The edges of tightly adherent old paint remaining around the area shall be tapered
(feathered) to allow proper blending and prevent laying new paint over loose or
cracked paint.
2) Power tool cleaning per SSPC-SP 11 shall be used to establish a profile on bare
metal areas.
f. Before applying the first coat of paint, ensure that surface preparation has been
completed as directed (per SSPC). This should be done as soon as practicable, but in
no case shall more than 6 hours elapse from the time abrasive blasting is completed
until the first coat of paint is applied.
g. There are many surface preparation methods for deck coverings. They include wet
and dry abrasive blast cleaning, power tool cleaning, and water-jetting. Pickling (acid
etch) is not a NAVSEA approved procedure for non-skid installations.
8. Feathering.
a. Purpose - To allow for proper blending and adhesion of new paint over loose, old, or
cracked paint.
b. Process - The edges of tightly adherent old paint remaining around the area shall be
tapered (feathered) by sanding as to give a natural appearance to the finished job, as
shown in Figure 171.15-2.21.

Figure 171.15-2.21: Feathering (Typical)

9. Paintbrush care and maintenance.

a. Brushes are identified by the type of bristle used; natural, synthetic, or a mixture of
each.
b. Before using, rinse brushes with paint thinner.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 25 of 43

c. Brushes that are not reused immediately, shall be cleaned with thinner or some other
solvent (at least three cleanings), and then washed with detergent and water.
d. Brushes shall be stored suspended from a rack by the handle or wrapped in paper, as
shown in Figure 171.15-2.22, and stored in a flat position.

Figure 171.15-2.22: Paintbrush Storage (Typical)

e. Brushes that are to be reused the following day:

1) Must be marked for white, light colors, or dark colors.
2) Suspended by the handle in a closed container, with the bristles immersed in paint
thinner or linseed oil to just below the bottom ferrule where the weight of the
brush does not rest upon the bristles, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.23.

Figure 171.15-2.23: Paintbrush Storage (Overnight) (Typical)

10. Brush painting process.

a. Angle of brush.
1) Dip the brush into the paint up to 1/2 the bristle length. Withdraw the brush and
tap it against the inside of the bucket to remove excess paint.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 26 of 43

2) Hold the brush at an angle of 45 degrees to the work. Make several light strokes
in the area to be painted, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.24. This will transfer much
of the paint to the surface.
3) Then spread the paint evenly and uniformly. Do not bear down on the brush.

Figure 171.15-2.24: Brush at 45-Degree Angle

b. Starting point:
1) Start major work on overhead areas first, then work downward.
2) It is best to cut in (an angle between an overhead and a bulkhead) first and then
paint the remaining area by working downward.
3) Paint progressive sections to the deck level, then start at the top of the adjacent
area and work down again.
4) Paint trim, doors, or similar areas after bulkheads and other major surfaces are
completed.
c. Coverage:
1) When one section of the surface is painted, adjacent areas should be painted so
that the brush strokes are completed by sweeping the brush into the wet edge of
the paint previously applied to eliminate lap marks and provide a more even
coating.
2) Cross-brush lightly to smooth the painted surface and to eliminate brush or sag
marks.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 27 of 43

3) Very fast drying finishes will not permit much brushing and cross-lapping; in
such cases, the paint shall be applied, spread rapidly, then allowed to dry
undisturbed. Going back over a fast-drying paint will cause piling up of the
coating.
d. Cross pattern, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.25:
1) For complete coverage, follow the Navy style and first lay on, and then lay off.
a) Laying on means applying the paint first in long, horizontal strokes.
b) Laying off means crossing your first strokes by working up and down.
c) Finally, cross-brush lightly to smooth the painted surface and to eliminate
brush or sag marks.

Figure 171.15-2.25: Cross Pattern

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 28 of 43

11. Paint rollers.

a. A paint roller is a cylindrical sleeve or cover which slips onto a rotatable cage or
frame. Both come in a variety of sizes to accommodate any type of job, as shown in
Figure 171.15-2.26.

Figure 171.15-2.26: Paint Rollers (Typical)

b. Nap length. The selection of a cover for a job depends upon the type of paint being
used and the surface to be coated. Proper paint application depends upon the
selection of a cover with the desired fabric and fabric thickness (nap length).
1) Lamb’s wool (pelt):
a) The most solvent-resistant type of material used and is available in nap
length of up to 1-1/4 inches.
b) Recommended for application on semi-smooth and rough surfaces; it mats
badly in water and is not recommended for water-based paints.
2) Mohair:
a) Made primarily of angora hair.
b) It is solvent-resistant and is supplied in 3/16- to 1/4-inch nap lengths.
c) Recommended for synthetic enamels and for use on smooth surfaces.
d) Can be used with water-based paints.
3) Dynel:
a) A modified acrylic fiber which has excellent resistance to water.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 29 of 43

b) It is best for application of conventional water-based and solvent-based

paints, except those which contain strong solvents such as ketones.
c) Available in a range of nap lengths from 1/4- to 1-1/4 inches.
4) Dacron:
a) A synthetic fiber which is somewhat softer than Dynel.
b) Best suited for exterior oil or latex paints.
c) Available in nap lengths ranging from 5/16- to 1/2-inch.
5) Napless or rubber rollers (hard phenolic core) are used to apply non-skid coatings.
12. Roller painting process.
a. Proper loading.
1) Proper loading using a tray:
a) Pour the paint into the tray to half the tray depth.
b) Immerse the roller completely, then roll it back and forth along the ramp to
coat the cover completely and remove any excess paint, as shown in Figure
171.15-2.27.
c) The first load of paint on a roller should be worked out on newspaper to
remove entrapped air from the roller cover.

Figure 171.15-2.27: Paint Tray (Typical)

2) Proper loading using a screen.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 30 of 43

a) As an alternative to using the tray, place a specially designed galvanized wire

screen (grid) into a 5-gallon can of the paint, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.28.

Figure 171.15-2.28: Wire Screen (Typical)

b) Immerse the roller completely, then roll it up and down along the screen to
coat the cover completely. The screen removes any excess paint and
entrapped air simultaneously.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 31 of 43

b. “W” pattern technique:

1) Roll the paint onto the surface in a “W” pattern, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.29,
and then fill in the area inside the “W” using horizontal or vertical strokes (lay on
/ lay off).
2) Never roll completely in the same or one direction.

Figure 171.15-2.29: “W” Pattern

c. Spray painting preparation. Before spray painting, ensure the following steps are
completed.
1) Mix the paint thoroughly.
2) Strain the paint through a wire screen or cloth to remove skin and coarse or
foreign particles.
3) Ensure that the air filter is connected to the main air supply line to prevent
moisture and oil particles from mixing with the paint.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 32 of 43

13. Surface preparation methods.

a. Several degrees of blast cleaning for steel are defined in the joint standards of SSPC
and NACE International, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.30. Each of these standards
requires that visible deposits of oil, grease, or other contaminants be removed by
solvent cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP 1.

Figure 171.15-2.30: Degrees of Blasting (Typical)

b. SSPC-SP 5 / NACE No. 1, White Metal Blast Cleaning, refer back to Figure 171.15-
2.30.
1) Blasting to a white-metal surface finish is the highest degree of blasting
cleanliness and is often specified for the metal spray coating process and for
coatings that must withstand exposure to very corrosive atmospheres, or where
the high cost of this degree of blasting is considered to be warranted.
2) Surfaces that have been blast cleaned to white metal shall, when viewed without
magnification, be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, paint, rust, mill scale, dust,
oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter.
c. SSPC-SP 6 / NACE No. 3, Commercial Blast Cleaning, refer back to Figure 171.15-
2.30.
1) Commercial blasting requires the removal of all oil, grease, dirt, dust, mill scale,
rust, paint, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter, when viewed
without magnification.
2) Light shadows, slight streaks or discolorations caused by stains of mill scale, rust
stain, or stains of previously applied paint may remain on no more than 33 percent
of each 3-inch by 3-inch (76 mm x 76 mm) square of surface area.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 33 of 43

3) The difference between a commercial blast cleaning and a near-white metal blast
cleaning is in the amount of staining permitted to remain on the surface.
Commercial blast cleaning allows stains or shadows on 33 percent of each unit
area of surface. Near-white metal blast cleaning allows staining or shadows on
only 5 percent of each unit area of surface.
d. SSPC-SP 10 / NACE No. 2, Near-white Metal Abrasive Blast Cleaning, refer back to
Figure 171.15-2.30.
1) Blasting to a white-metal surface finish is the highest degree of blasting
cleanliness and is often specified for the metal spray coating process and for
coatings that must withstand exposure to very corrosive atmospheres, or where
the high cost of this degree of blasting is considered to be warranted.
2) Surfaces that are to have been blast cleaned to white metal shall, when viewed
without magnification, be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, paint, rust, mill scale,
dust, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter.
e. SSPC-SP 12 / NACE No. 5, High Pressure and Ultra-high-pressure Waterjetting.
1) This standard provides basic definitions of waterjetting, and water cleaning
according to the pressures used.
2) The water used in waterjetting, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.31, and water
cleaning shall be freshwater with enough purity and quality so that it does not
impose additional contaminants, such as salt or chlorides, on the surface being
cleaned.

Figure 171.15-2.31: Waterjetting (Typical)

3) The water should also not contain sediments or other impurities that are
destructive to the proper functioning of waterjetting equipment.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 34 of 43

4) The maximum amount of flash rusting shall be Light (L). When viewed without
magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease, dirt, loose rust,
paint coatings, and foreign matter except for staining.
5) Staining shall be limited to no more than five percent of each square inch of
surface area water-jetted and may consist of light shadows, slight streaks, or
minor discoloration caused by stains of rust, mill scale or previously applied
paint.
6) Painting shall be accomplished before the steel begins to rust. The use of
corrosion inhibitors is prohibited. Closed loop water-jetting equipment for
preparing large areas is also available.
7) Waterjetting will not produce a profile on a steel surface, as shown in Figure
171.15-2.32. It can only expose the profile that was present under the old coating
system. If the existing profile is not in the range of the current requirements, then
abrasive blasting shall be used to produce the required 2-4 mil profile.

Figure 171.15-2.32: Waterjetting (cont.) (Typical)

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 35 of 43

a) Dry abrasive blasting per SSPC-SP 10 represents the lowest technical risk
surface preparation method.
b) SSPC-SP 12 is not equivalent to SSPC-SP 10. Waterjetting per SSPC-SP 12
carries a higher technical risk of excessive flash rusting, and rework with
abrasive to produce an acceptable profile.

NOTE

Corrosion inhibitors shall not be added to the water used in waterjetting

or water cleaning.

8) Types of waterjetting:
a) Low Pressure Water Cleaning (LPWC). This is also called “power washing”
or “pressure washing”.
i. It is performed at pressures less than 5,000 PSIi or 34 Megapascal (MPa).
ii. This method may be used before or after other surface preparation
cleaning methods to help remove salts and contaminants from the surface,
in order to meet surface chloride or conductivity limits for specified areas.
b) High Pressure Water Cleaning (HPWC). This method is fresh water blasting
at pressures from 5,000 to 10,000 PSI (34 to 70 MPa).
i. It can be used to remove surface contaminants, light marine fouling, loose
paint, and mild chalking or dusting.
ii. The HPWC waterjetting method is generally used for cleaning good
surfaces with less than 10 percent marine fouling, paint defects, or
corrosion.
c) High Pressure Waterjetting (HPWJ). This method operates at pressures
between 10,000-30,000 PSI (70 to 210 MPa).
i. It has been demonstrated to be effective in removing loose paint, loose
rust, mill scale, and some, but not all, tightly adherent epoxy paint.
ii. Surfaces shall be dry before painting; and crevices and corners shall be
carefully inspected for moisture.
d) Ultrahigh Pressure Waterjetting (UHPWJ). This method is performed at
pressures above 30,000 PSI (210 MPa).
i. It has been demonstrated to completely remove all paint from a substrate.
ii. This method is generally required for the resulting surface cleanliness to
meet the requirements described in paragraph 631-5.5.7 of NSTM 631.
14. Surface preparation requirements.
a. MIL-DTL-24441 epoxy-polyamide.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 36 of 43

1) The single factor most affecting the performance of the MIL-DTL-24441 epoxy-
polyamide coatings is the preparation of the surface to be coated, both as to
method and to degree of care. Surfaces to be coated shall be completely free from
rust, loose paint, dirt, scale, oil, grease, salt deposits, moisture, and other
contaminants.
2) Bare surfaces.
a) When painted surfaces show evidence of corrosion, as shown in Figure
171.15-2.33, peeling, blistering, checking, or general disintegration, the old
paint shall be removed down to bare metal prior to repainting.

Figure 171.15-2.33: Evidence of Corrosion (Typical)

b) Surfaces to be painted with the epoxy-polyamide system shall be abrasive-

blasted to near-white metal in accordance with SSPC-SP- 10.
c) In areas where abrasive blasting is not permitted, the surfaces shall be cleaned
to bare metal by mechanical means (e.g. disc sanding, chipping tools, or
pneumatic scaler or “needle gun”) to remove all loose paint film and foreign
matter in accordance with SSPC-SP 11.
d) Since abrasive blasting will not adequately clean surfaces contaminated with
oil or grease, such areas shall be cleaned with solvent.
3) Galvanized steel.
a) Galvanized steel shall be roughened by a light abrasive blast or by mechanical
means to provide a suitable clean substrate for paint application.
4) Aluminum surfaces.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 37 of 43

a) Aluminum shall be cleaned by light abrasive blasting, power wire brushing, or

orbital sanding.
b) Only stainless-steel wire brushes, scouring pads, or aluminum oxide abrasive
sanding disks shall be used.
c) None of these materials shall have been previously used on other metal, or for
the removal of copper pigmented paint, prior to being used on aluminum.
5) Coated metal.
a) Brush-off blasting (SSPC-SP 7) may be used instead of blasting to bare metal
in those instances where an epoxy coating is in good condition and has been
applied over a well-prepared surface.
b) This method should result in a surface retaining all paint films, but free from
all corrosion products, scale, and foreign matter.
6) Touch-up painting.
a) When only localized areas or spots require painting, it is essential that
removal of the old paint be carried back to an area of completely intact and
adhering paint film.
b) Edges of tightly adhering paint remaining around the area to be recoated shall
be sanded to a smooth tapered edge (feathered) from the intact paint film to
the bare metal area. The overlap for touchup painting should be
approximately 1” to 2”.
c) Areas of intact paint to be over-coated shall first be roughened then apply a
tack coat.
b. MIL-PRF-23236 coating systems for ship structures.
1) Surface preparation, mixing, application, and drying times of MIL-PRF-23236
coatings shall be as specified in the NAVSEA-approved ASTM F718 marine
coating data sheets supplied by the coating manufacturer at the time of
qualification testing to the current edition of the Qualified Products List (QPL-
23236), except that the per coat and total system Dry Film Thickness (DFT) shall
be as shown in NSTM 631.
2) Surface must be clean, dry and in sound condition. Remove all oil, dust, grease
and other foreign material to ensure tensile adhesion.
c. MIL-PRF-24667 non-skid.
1) To ensure proper coating adhesion, special attention should be paid to the surface
preparation of the deck.
2) For steel substrates with a minimum intended service life of 6 months or greater,
NSI 009-32 requires a surface that meets one of the following cleanliness
standards:
a) SSPC-SP 10/NACE 2, Near-White Metal Blast standard.
b) SSPC-SP WJ-2/NACE WJ-2, Very Thorough waterjetting.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 38 of 43

3) Decks with a minimum intended service life of 30 days require a surface that
meets the requirements of SSPC-SP 11, Bare Metal Power Tool Cleaning.
4) Existing non-skid applied to walk areas may also be “Green Cleaned” using
HPWC with vacuum self-contained equipment to an SSPC-SP WJ-4/NACE WJ-
4, light waterjetting condition.
d. MIL-PRF-32171 deck coatings.
1) The requirements for environmental conditions, surface preparation, mixing,
application, and drying times of MIL-PRF-3171deck coatings shall be as
specified in the NAVSEA-approved ASTM F718 marine coating data sheets
supplied by the coating manufacturer at the time of qualification testing to the
current edition of the Qualified Products List (QPL-23236),
2) Surface must be clean, dry and in sound condition. Remove all oil, dust, grease
and other foreign material to ensure tensile adhesion.
15. Characteristics of coatings.
a. The repainting of surfaces, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.34, shall be performed using
the procedures and coatings specified in NSTM 631. The following coatings are
found in the preservation of Navy Ships.

Figure 171.15-2.34: Repainting of Surfaces (Typical)

b. MIL-DTL-24441 epoxy-polyamide.
1) These paints are intended for use on sandblasted steel, aluminum, or fiberglass
where a hard, durable, chemically resistant, non-porous coating is desired.
2) It can be used as a primer, interior topcoat, or exterior topcoat.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 39 of 43

a) For painting areas aboard ship, such as bilges, tanks, and exterior underwater
hull, refer to applicable Navy directives or technical manuals for instructions
and selection of coating system.
3) Epoxy-polyamide coatings are like other epoxy coatings in that they consist of a
two-component system that includes a pigmented polyamide resin (component A)
and an epoxy resin (component B).
a) Once they are mixed and applied as a paint film, the coating cures to a hard
film by chemical conversion.
b) During this curing period, the solvents used to reduce film viscosity and
promote paint film leveling evaporate from the coating.
4) Epoxy-polyamide coatings may be applied by brushing, spraying, and rolling or
dip coating.
c. MIL-PRF-23236 coating systems for ship structures.
1) This anticorrosive paint can withstand harsh environments while retaining color
and gloss. It prevents material degradation and protects the surfaces against
ultraviolet radiation.
2) It is suitable for ballast tanks, decks, topside, superstructure, and underwater hull.
It has good adhesion to damp surfaces and is surface tolerant and compatible with
water jetted surfaces.
3) The coating system is divided into four types based on the volatile organic
compound (VOC) content.
4) This specification has nine classes of coatings that are determined by the type of
surface being preserved.
5) Class 5, 7, or 18 coatings are used for exterior structures.
6) Type VIIIA coatings may be used on powder coated watertight doors and bolted
louvers serving mast and stack areas, though they may be applied by fluidized bed
method only.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 40 of 43

d. MIL-PRF-24667 non-skid.
1) Non-skid walk areas on weather decks of U.S. Navy ships, as shown in Figure
171.15-2.35, are subject to high foot traffic in all weather conditions, including
night operations. These decks are coated with a slip-resistant non-skid for crew
safety during general passage, maintenance, or specialized operations at sea,
including Underway Replenishment (UNREP), line handling, anchoring.

Figure 171.15-2.35: Non-skid Applied to Weatherdeck (Typical)

2) It can stand up to a harsh marine environment, and it is resistant to damage caused

by equipment being moved across the surface without degrading or fading from
exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
3) The non-skid coating color is dark gray and has a raised surface profile for slip
resistance.
4) Touch-up and repair are generally accomplished by ship’s force or by repair
activities during maintenance availabilities.
e. MIL-PRF-32171 deck coatings.
1) This coating is a high durability, wear resistant epoxy deck coating for use in high
traffic areas, with minimal maintenance.
2) It is suitable for decks and foundations located inside AFFF stations and for
painted deck areas that are subject to continuous foot traffic and show wear
through the currently specified paint to the deck substrate.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 41 of 43

16. Powder coating.

a. MIL-PRF-24712B thermosetting powder coat.
1) For exterior applications and interior dry applications of removable parts, MIL-
PRF-24712 powder coatings shall be used. Powder coatings are not practical for
large components or ship structures.
2) Thermosetting powder coatings include epoxies, acrylics, polyesters, epoxy-
polyester hybrids, and urethane polyesters.
3) These coatings are usually applied using specialized equipment by either
electrostatic spray, as shown in Figure 171.15-2.36, or by fluidized bed.

Figure 171.15-2.36: Powder Coating Application (Typical)

4) When using electrostatic spray, the powder particles are charged in the spray gun
and directed at the grounded article to be coated.
a) The electrostatic spray method uses a pump to force the powder and air
through feed hoses to a spray gun.
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY
CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 42 of 43

b) The spray gun provides a charge to the powder.

c) The charged particles are sprayed onto the component, which is electrically
grounded through metallic hangers or hooks. The component is then placed in
an oven to cure the powder coating.
5) The powder particles are attracted uniformly to the ground and form a fusion
bonded coating when the article is passed through a curing oven.
a) During the curing process, thermosetting powder coatings melt, flow, and
chemically crosslink or polymerize to form the coating film.
b) The cured coatings are heat stable and will not re-melt when exposed to heat
up to their curing temperature.
c) However, they are still organic polymers, and will degrade or char at higher
temperatures, depending on the type of polymer resin.
d) Maximum service temperatures for cured thermosetting powder coatings vary
but are typically in the ranger of 225°F to 350°F. Refer to the coating
manufacturer’s data sheet for specific service temperature limits.
6) The fluidized bed can be utilized as an electrically charged system like the
electrostatic spray or the article to be coated can be heated and dipped into the
fluidized bed to cause fusion of a uniform coating onto the surface.
7) Because of the heat fusion of powder particles, the film formed is very tough,
durable, uniform, and highly resistant.
8) Powder coating is not authorized for use on components, covers, or any parts to
be installed in potable, reserve feed water, or freshwater drain collecting tanks
aboard nuclear-powered ships.
b. NAVSEA approved Triglycedial Isocyanurate (TGIC).
1) Powder coatings in accordance with MIL-C-24712 and NAVSEA approved TGIC
may be used on exterior topside or interior applications where traditional liquid
applied coating systems would be difficult to maintain or where they would be
subjected to a severely corrosive environment or an area of high wear or abrasion.
a) TGIC is a chemical compound formulated in some powder coatings as a
curing agent. TGIC is blended with polymers and pigments during the
powder coating manufacturing process.
c. Uniform Industrial Process Instruction (UIPI) 0631-901 Electrostatic Powder
Coating.
1) All powder coatings shall be applied in accordance with UIPI 0631-901 for
electrostatic spray method on steel or local process instructions for other
application methods. Quality Assurance shall be documented and shall be at a
level at least equivalent to UIPI 0631-901.
d. SSPC-SP 1 surface preparation standards.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY

CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICIAN V-063-0237
PROCESS 171.15 Sheet 43 of 43

1) Surface preparation for powder coatings is like other high performance, liquid
applied systems. The surface shall be free of oil, grease, dirt, mill scale, corrosion
products, paint and other foreign matter.
a) Steel surfaces shall be abrasive blasted to near white metal (SSPC-SP-10)
with anchor tooth profile in accordance with powder coating manufacturer’s
instructions.
b) Aluminum and other surfaces shall be prepared, at a minimum, to the same
surface cleanliness standards and profile requirement equivalent to steel which
has been prepared to an SSPC-SP-10 standard.
e. Methylene chloride powder coat removal.

NOTE

Revision Record of NSTM 631: General and Section 2 states “Prohibit

all use of chemical paint strippers and removers unless specific
approval is granted.

1) Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane). Methylene chloride and products

containing methylene chloride shall not be used, as they are suspected
carcinogens.

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY