2

CHAPTER
Tissues

School Level

NCERT Exercise
1. Define the term “tissue”. Ans.
Ans. Tissue can be defined as a group of cells that are
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
similar in structure, function and origin.
2. How many types of elements together make up Cell wall is The cell wall There are no
the xylem tissue? Name them. thin and cells is thickened intercellular
are loosely irregularly at spaces because
Ans. The xylem tissue is made up of four different types
the corners,
of cells. Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and packed. the cell walls
and there is
xylem fibres are the four components of xylem. very little space
are evenly
3. How are simple tissues different from complex between the thickened.
tissues in plants? cells.
Ans. Differences between simple and complex tissues are
Cell wall Pectin and There is an
given below:
is primarily hemicellulose extra layer
Simple tissue Complex tissue made up of are the of the cell
They are made up of They consists of more cellulose. two most wall that is
only one type of cells than one type of cells. important primarily
components of made up of
In this tissue, cells are
In this tissue, different the cell wall. lignin.
similar in structure
types of cells perform
and perform similar 5. What are the functions of the stomata?
different functions.
functions. Ans. Stomata are primarily involved in transpiration and
Three types of simple gaseous exchange with the atmosphere.
Two types of complex
tissues in plants 6. Diagrammatically show the difference between
permanent tissues in
are parenchyma, the three types of muscle fibres.
plants are the xylem
collenchyma and Ans. Striated muscles, smooth muscles (unstriated muscle
and phloem.
sclerenchyma. fibre), and cardiac muscles are the three types of
muscular fibres.
4. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma
and sclerenchyma, on the basis of their cell wall.
 On the basis of location:
Myofibrils These muscles They are
can be found found in the
Striations in the hands, iris of the eye,
They are found
Nucleus legs, tongue, ureters, bronchi
in heart.
and other of the lungs,
Filaments containing regions of the blood vessels,
actin and myosin body. etc.
Striated muscle
9. Draw a labeled diagram of a neuron.
Ans. Labeled diagram of a neuron:
Spindle-shaped Nucleus
muscle Dendrite

Nucleus
Unstriated muscle Axon Nerve ending

Cell body
Intercalated discs 10. Name the following:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
Cross-striations
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
Nuclei (c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Cardiac muscle Ans. (a) Squamous epithelial tissue
7. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle? (b) Tendon
Ans. The cardiac muscle is responsible for controlling (c) Phloem
the heart’s contraction and relaxation. (d) Adipose tissue
8. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and (e) Blood
cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure (f) Nervous tissue
and site/location in the body. 11. Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin,
Ans. the bark of a tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule,
Striated Unstriated Cardiac vascular bundle.
muscle muscle muscle Ans. Skin: Squamous epithelial tissue
On the basis of structure: The bark of tree: Epidermal tissue (cork)
Bone: Connective tissue
Cylindrical Long Cylindrical
Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue
Not branched Not branched Branched
Vascular bundle: Complex permanent tissue (xylem
Multinucleate Uninucleate Uninucleate and phloem)
Coloured 12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is
There are no Faint bands are
alternate light present.
bands present present
and dark bands Ans. Flower, fruits and leaves.
Its ends are Its ends are Its ends are flat 13. What is the role of the epidermis in plants?
blunt tapering and wavy Ans. Epidermis performs the following functions.

4 Class-IX BIOLOGY P
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 ™ It covers all of the plant’s components.
™ For protection against loss of water, mechanical
injury, and parasitic fungus, epidermal cells on
the aerial sections of the plant create a waxy,
water-resistant covering called cuticle, which is
made of cutin, on their outer surface.
™ Water absorption is facilitated by epidermal
cells in roots.
14. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Ans. Since cork is made up of dead cells and cells are
compactly arranged without intercellular spaces,
therefore it acts as a protective tissue. Also, their
walls have suberin deposition which prevents
the entry of gases and water. It protects the plant
against mechanical injury, temperature extremes, it
also prevents the loss of water by evaporation.

15. Complete the table:

Permanent tissue

Simple Complex

X Collenchyma Y Xylem Z

Ans.
Permanent tissue

Simple Complex

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Xylem Phloem

Tissues 5