Recycling Plastic Bottles
The diagram below shows the process for recycling plastic bottles.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram detailed above delineates how plastic bottles are recycled.
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this circular
process is comprised of 3 main stages including initial collection and sorting,
followed by processing and cleaning, and finally reconstitution into a novel
material for further usage.
Recycling commences when an individual places their rubbish in a designated
recycling bin, prior to being loaded into specialized garbage trucks. After
transportation to the recycling center, the plastic bottles are sorted by hand,
compressed tightly to form blocks and then crushed into small pieces and
washed.
The next stages involve transformation into a reusable material. The pieces of
plastic are first poured into a machine that turns them into pellets. These
pellets are then heated in order to create a raw material that can be used in the
manufacture of products ranging from clothes and bottles to containers and
pencils. These items are themselves recyclable and the process begins again.
Analysis
1. The diagram detailed above delineates how plastic bottles are
recycled. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this
circular process is comprised of 3 main stages including initial collection and
sorting, followed by processing and cleaning, and finally reconstitution into a
novel material for further usage.
1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
2. Write a clear overview summarising the major groups. Read here
about overviews for processes.
1. Recycling commences when an individual places their rubbish in a
designated recycling bin, prior to being loaded into specialized garbage
trucks. 2. After transportation to the recycling center, the plastic bottles are
sorted by hand, compressed tightly to form blocks and then crushed into small
pieces and washed.
1. Begin writing about the details of the process.
2. This one is tricky to get up to the word count (no longer required on
IELTS) so try to make it a little wordy.
1. The next stages involve transformation into a reusable material. 2. The
pieces of plastic are first poured into a machine that turns them into
pellets. 3. These pellets are then heated in order to create a raw material that
can be used in the manufacture of products ranging from clothes and bottles to
containers and pencils. 4. These items are themselves recyclable and the
process begins again.
1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything!
2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well.
3. Continue with the next steps.
4. Be sure to mention that this process begins again!
Answers
Try to write down or think of an antonym/opposite word for further
practice:
diagram detailed above process described recyclable can be recycled
delineates shows begins again starts all over
recycled used again, reused
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
circular process loop, starts again, feeds back into itself
comprised of including Sugar Cane
including entailing The diagram below shows the manufacturing process for making sugar
initial collection first finding from sugar cane.
sorting putting into groups Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
followed by after that and make comparisons where relevant.
processing being made
cleaning making clean
reconstitution remade as something new
novel material new substance
further usage used again
commences begins with
individual person
places puts
rubbish trash
designated recycling bin container for recycling
prior to before
loaded into specialized garbage trucks put in trucks for recycling only
transportation being sent
recycling center place where recycling happens
sorted by hand put into groups by a person
compressed tightly pushed closely together
form blocks made into large cubes
crushed pressed together
washed cleaned
involve concerns
reusable material substance to use again
pieces of plastic small bits of plastic
poured placed into /
turns makes into
pellets compressed substance
heated made hot The process shows how sugar is made from the sugar cane plant. Looking
in order to so that from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this natural and man-
raw material substance to be used made process involves 3 main stages beginning with initial harvesting,
manufacture fabrication, making followed by a chemical transformation, and finally separation into the end
ranging from … and … to … and … including product of sugar.
items products
 The first stage is natural and begins with sugar cane being grown over a 12 – process diagram
18 month period. The mature plant is then harvested either by hand or large, made from comes from
industrial farming machinery. From that point, the stalks are crushed in a sugar cane plant the plant that is used to make sugar
grinder which results in raw sugar cane juice. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
The juice is then run through a limestone filter and poured into an evaporator natural from nature
during which time it is heated, reduced and becomes a syrup. The syrup is man-made not natural
next separated from the sugar crystals using a centrifuge prior to being dried involves concerns
and cooled in its final form as sugar. main primary
beginning with starting with
Analysis initial harvesting first being picked
1. The process shows how sugar is made from the sugar cane followed by after that
plant. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this chemical transformation turned to a new substance
natural and man-made process involves 3 main stages beginning with initial finally separation lastly divided
harvesting, followed by a chemical transformation, and finally separation into end product final item
the end product of sugar. first stage initial step
1. Paraphrase what the process shows. grown over a 12 – 18 month period gets bigger over a year+
either one or the other
2. Write a clear overview summarising the major groups. Read here industrial farming machinery big machines to cut crops
from that point after that
about overviews for processes.
stalks the plant
1. The first stage is natural and begins with sugar cane being grown over a 12
crushed ground
– 18 month period. 2. The mature plant is then harvested either by hand or grinder crushing machine
large, industrial farming machinery. 3. From that point, the stalks are crushed results in raw produces pure
in a grinder which results in raw sugar cane juice. run through placed in
1. Begin writing about the details of the process. limestone filter method of cleaning it
poured into put into
2. This one is tricky to get up to the word count (no longer required on evaporator heats and some of the liquid disappears
IELTS) so try to make it a little wordy. during which time at the time
heated becomes hot
3. Make sure all steps are detailed in the process. reduced made less of it
1. The juice is then run through a limestone filter and poured into an syrup a thick liquid
evaporator during which time it is heated, reduced and becomes a next after that
syrup. 2. The syrup is next separated from the sugar crystals using a sugar crystals actual sugar
centrifuge prior to being dried and cooled in its final form as sugar. centrifuge machine that spins and filters
prior to before
1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything! dried made dry
2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well. cooled no longer hot
final form end product
Answers
Try to write down or think of an antonym/opposite word for further
practice:

Recycled Bottles into Clothes Process
The diagram details the process of making clothes from plastic bottles.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram delineates the process by which plastic bottles can be reused in
the manufacturing of clothing. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily
apparent that there are 3 main stages to this entirely man-made process firstly
involving the collection and sorting of bottles, followed by cleaning and
processing, and finally the actual production of clothes.
In the first step, plastic bottles of varying sizes are collected and transported to
factories. In the factories, the bottles are then sorted and placed in a machine
to cut them into smaller pieces. The pieces must then be washed and left in
the sun to dry.
The transformative stages begin with boiling of the pieces of plastic which
precedes straining. After having been strained, the resulting byproduct
becomes yarn which is then ready to be weaved into a fabric. Lastly, the
finished rolls of material are used in the fabrication of clothing.
Analysis
1. The diagram delineates the process by which plastic bottles can be reused
in the manufacturing of clothing. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is
readily apparent that there are 3 main stages to this entirely man-made
process firstly involving the collection and sorting of bottles, followed by
cleaning and processing, and finally the actual production of clothes.
1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
2. Write a clear overview summarising the major groups. Read here
about overviews for processes.
1. In the first step, plastic bottles of varying sizes are collected and transported
to factories. 2. In the factories, the bottles are then sorted and placed in a
machine to cut them into smaller pieces. 3. The pieces must then be washed
and left in the sun to dry.
1. Begin writing about the details of the process.
2. This one is tricky to get up to the word count (no longer required on
IELTS) so try to make it a little wordy.
3. Include every step in the process.
1. The transformative stages begin with boiling of the pieces of plastic which
precedes straining. 2. After having been strained, the resulting byproduct
becomes yarn which is then ready to be weaved into a fabric. 3. Lastly, the
finished rolls of material are used in the fabrication of clothing.
1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything!
2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well.
3. Add in the last step of the process.
Answers IELTS Essay Task 1: Wool
delineates describes The diagram details the process of making wool. Summarise the
by which through which information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
reused used again comparisons where relevant.
manufacturing production
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
main stages largest steps
entirely completely
man-made process all done by people, not natural
involving dealing with
collection gathering together
sorting organizing
followed by after that
processing making/forming
finally lastly
actual production real making
in the first step firstly
varying different
transported sent
then next
placed put
cut sliced
pieces smaller parts
dry not wet anymore
transformative stage that changes it the most
begin with start with
boiling cooking in water
precedes comes before
straining water drained out
resulting byproduct what is made from that
yarn like string
The picture shows the procedures by which wool is processed and
ready prepared
transformed into a variety of products. Looking from an overall perspective, it is
weaved put together
readily apparent that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation of
fabric material
the raw source material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, and
lastly finally
the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products.
finished rolls of material final pieces of fabric
The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and then dried.
fabrication production
Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made into string
(with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool.
 The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. The last steps involve The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and
turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used for knitting or for then dried. Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made
fabrication of consumer retail items such as jackets and carpets. into string (with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool.
The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. The last steps
Analysis involve turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used
1. The picture shows the procedures by which wool is processed and for knitting or for fabrication of consumer retail items such
transformed into a variety of products. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, as jackets and carpets.
it is readily apparent that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation
of the raw source material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, Answers
and the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products. procedures methods
wool what comes from sheep fur
1. Paraphrase what the process shows. processed made
2. Write a clear overview summarising the major groups. Read here transformed turned into
variety lots of different kinds
about overviews for processes. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
1. The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and then involves initial has to do with the first
dried. 2. Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made into preparation getting it ready
string (with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool. raw source material the original product
constituting making up
1. Begin writing about the details of the process.
tufts collection of threads
2. This one is tricky to get up to the word count (no longer required on final last
resulting in finally forming
IELTS) so try to make it a little wordy. finished complete
1. The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. 2. The last steps consumer products what is sold to people
involve turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used for knitting or sheared shaved off
for fabrication of consumer retail items such as jackets and carpets. dried not wet anymore
1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything! subsequent to this after this
either one or the other
2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well. string thread tied together
recycled turned into something new
Vocabulary byproduct resultant product
What do the words in bold below mean? Take some notes on a piece of turned into becomes
paper to aid your memory: fashioned into made into
The picture shows the procedures by stored kept
which wool is processed and transformed into a variety of last final
products. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent yarn spun thread
that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation of the raw source knitting sewn together to make things
material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, and fabrication made into something
the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products. retail items consumer products
jackets coats
carpets rugs
 white cocoa beans are fermented under leaves before being left in the sun to
dry. Subsequently, they are placed in large sacks and sent by either train or
truck to factories for further preparations.
IELTS Essay Task 1: Cocoa Beans and In the factory, the beans are roasted at 350 °C prior to being crushed in a
Chocolate Process Diagram grinder so that the outer shell can be separated out. The final step involves
taking the inner part of the bean from the last step and pressing it into liquid
The process diagram details the steps by which liquid chocolcate is chocolate.
produced from cocoa beans.

Analysis
1. The process illustrated above details how cocoa beans are harvested in
order to produce liquid chocolate. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is
readily apparent that this combination of a man-made and natural process
involves 3 main stages beginning with the collection and initial treatment of the
beans followed by transportation and final processing in a factory.
1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
2. Write a clear overview summarising the major trends and differences.
1. The cacao tree is grown in South America, Africa and Indonesia and the
pods are ripe for harvest when they turn red. 2. The pods are then split open
and the white cocoa beans are fermented under leaves before being left in the
sun to dry. 3. Subsequently, they are placed in large sacks and sent by either
train or truck to factories for further preparations.
1. Begin writing about the details of the process.
2. Compare as much as possible.
3. Finish the last steps of the process.
1. In the factory, the beans are roasted at 350 °C prior to being crushed in a
grinder so that the outer shell can be separated out. 2. The final step involves
taking the inner part of the bean from the last step and pressing it into liquid
chocolate.

The process illustrated above details how cocoa beans are harvested in order 1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything!
to produce liquid chocolate. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily 2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well.
apparent that this combination of a man-made and natural process involves 3
main stages beginning with the collection and initial treatment of the beans
followed by transportation and final processing in a factory.
The cacao tree is grown in South America, Africa and Indonesia and the pods
are ripe for harvest when they turn red. The pods are then split open and the
Answers IELTS Essay Task 1: Horse Diagram
illustrated above describe in the picture
details shows
harvested picked
in order to so that
produce make
liquid chocolate chococalte in liquid form
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
combination both together
man-made done by people
natural process done by nature
involves has to do with
main stages big steps
beginning with starting with
collection putting together
initial treatment first state of dealing with them
followed by after that
final processing last stage The diagram delineates the development of prehistoric and modern horses
factory place to make the chocolate, plant with special emphasis on the formation of the feet. Looking from an overall
cacao tree where chocolate pods are grown perspective, it is readily apparent that as horses became larger in size, their
pods containers feet elongated and broadened until they fused to become a distinctive hoof.
ripe ready The prehistoric horse from 40 million years ago was termed an Eohippus and
harvest picked is distinguishable by its smaller body and paw containing 4 thin phalanges. The
turn become next stage of evolution (30 million years ago) resulted in the Mesohippis, which
split open cut open had a larger body more similar to today’s horse and three distinct digits, the
fermented left to age middle one being bulkier and slightly longer.
leaves from a tree By 15 million years ago, the Merychippus had emerged, recognizable by a still
left in the sun to dry allowed to become dry in the heat larger body and the increased size of the middle digit. This leads directly to the
subsequently after that modern day horse which is the largest in size, has a full mane, and the
placed put in separate digits had by this time merged into a single hoof capable of
large sacks big bags supporting a larger frame.
sent given to
further preparations additional steps Analysis
roasted cooked in an oven 1. The diagram delineates the development of prehistoric and modern horses
prior to before with special emphasis on the formation of the feet. 2. Looking from an overall
crushed grinded perspective, it is readily apparent that as horses became larger in size, their
grinder crusher feet elongated and broadened until they fused to become a distinctive hoof.
outer shell part around the bean
separated out kept apart 1. Paraphrase what the map or floorplan shows.
pressing pushing together 2. Write a clear overview summarising the major trends and differences.
 1. The prehistoric horse from 40 million years ago was termed an Eohippus
and is distinguishable by its smaller body and paw containing 4 thin
phalanges. 2. The next stage of evolution (30 million years ago) resulted in the
Mesohippis, which had a larger body more similar to today’s horse and three
distinct digits, the middle one being bulkier and slightly longer.
IELTS Essay Task 1: Prehistoric Tools
The diagrams below illustrate early toos from 1.4 million years ago and
800,000 years ago. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and making comparisons where relevant.

1. Begin writing about the changes. The diagram presents a comparison

2. Compare as much as possible. of prehistoric tools dating back 1.4
1. By 15 million years ago, the Merychippus had emerged, recognizable by a and 0.8 million years ago. Overall,
still larger body and the increased size of the middle digit. 2. This leads directly the older tool is less refined with
to the modern day horse which is the largest in size, has a full mane, and the rougher edges, while the newer one
separate digits had by this time merged into a single hoof capable of appears smoother and better
supporting a larger frame. preserved.
Comparing the two tools from the
1. Write about the rest of the changes for the last two evolutionary stages frontal view, the one from 1.4 million
years ago is slightly narrower,
of the modern horse.
displaying a less defined shape. The
2. Make sure you have detailed all the changes. more recent one comes to a sharper
point with clearly rounded sides.
Answers
delineates describes The side view reveals that the older
prehistoric before recorded history tool is also bulkier with more jagged
special emphasis extra focus indents than the much smoother one
formation of the feet putting together of the hooves from 800,000 years ago. Finally, in
looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall terms of the back view there is a
elongated lengthened distinctive contrast as the newer has
broadened made wider fewer major cracks and closely
fused come together mirrors its front side. The older tool, on the other hand, is approximately half
distinctive hoof unique foot the size overall and is chipped down greatly in the back.
termed called / distinguishable distinctive
paw foot / phalanges fingers Analysis
evolution changes over time / resulted in caused 1. The diagram presents a comparison of prehistoric tools dating back 1.4 and
more similar to close to / three distinct digits clearly different digits 0.8 million years ago. 2. Overall, the older tool is less refined with rougher
bulkier larger / slightly a little more edges, while the newer one appears smoother and better preserved.
emerged coming out / recognizable distinctive
1. Paraphrase what the essay shows.
still larger body much bigger frame / leads directly flows into
full mane hair on its neck 2. Write a clear overview summarising the major trends and differences.
merged comes together 1. Comparing the two tools from the frontal view, the one from 1.4 million years
capable of can do ago is slightly narrower, displaying a less defined shape. 2. The more recent
larger frame bigger body one comes to a sharper point with clearly rounded sides.
1. Write in more detail about the first view. Landfill for Household Waste
2. Be sure that you are always comparing them. The process details designs of a modern landfill for household waste.
1. The side view reveals that the older tool is also bulkier with more jagged The process details a modern
indents than the much smoother one from 800,000 years ago. 2. Finally, in landfill designed for the storage
terms of the back view there is a distinctive contrast as the newer has fewer of household waste. Looking
major cracks and closely mirrors its front side. 3. The older tool, on the other from an overall perspective, it
hand, is approximately half the size overall and is chipped down greatly in the is readily apparent that it is a
back. largely man-made process
taking place in the natural
1. Write about the next view and compare. environment that involves
drainage and disposal of
2. Switch to the final view. various liquids and gases as
3. Make sure you have detailed all the information. well as basic storage of the
waste itself.
Answers The landfill is a rectangular
presents shows hole cut into a large piece of
comparison differences natural rock. To finish the
prehistoric tools tools made a very long time ago construction, there are
dating back from a long time ago synthetic pipes and a clay layer
less refined not as clear placed against the rock as well
rougher edges messy parts as drainage pipes and a
appears smoother looks cleaner drainage tank at the bottom of
preserved still in good shape the landfill.
frontal view seen from the front When in use, the household
slightly narrower thinner a little bit waste is stored in the main
displaying showing compartment and liquid waste
less defined shape not as clear of a shape is held in the tank. The landfill
comes to a sharper point makes a point at the end is then closed and paved over with a single clay layer with the synthetic pipes
clearly rounded sides mosre circular sides still in place that can transport gases in or out of the storage area.
reveals shows
bulkier bigger Analysis
more jagged indents rougher 1. The process details a modern landfill designed for the storage of household
much smoother one cleaner, not jagged waste. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that it is a
in terms of the back view when it comes to the back largely man-made process taking place in the natural environment that
distinctive contrast clear differences involves drainage and disposal of various liquids and gases as well as basic
fewer major cracks not as many indents storage of the waste itself.
closely mirrors similar to 1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
on the other hand however
approximately around 2. Write an overview of the whole trend. Read more about overviews here.
chipped down greatly cut away at a lot
 1. The landfill is a rectangular hole cut into a large piece of natural rock. 2. To
finish the construction, there are synthetic pipes and a clay layer placed IELTS Essay Task 1: Carbonated
against the rock as well as drainage pipes and a drainage tank at the bottom of
the landfill. Drinks
1. Begin with the first part of the process.
2. Describe it fully.
1. When in use, the household waste is stored in the main compartment and
liquid waste is held in the tank. 2. The landfill is then closed and paved over
with a single clay layer with the synthetic pipes still in place that can transport
gases in or out of the storage area.
1. Continue to the next part.
2. Make sure all areas are fully described and there is no opinion.
Answers
details describes
modern landfill new way of storing trash
household waste trash from the home
looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
man-made process not natural
taking place happening
natural environment not man-made
involves drainage includes draining where the water seeps away
disposal getting rid of The diagram details the process by which carbonated drinks are produced.
basic storage necessary holding Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this 5 stage
waste itself trash by itself man-made process is comprised of the filtering of raw water and addition of
rectangular hole shape cut into the Earth carbon dioxide in the early steps, mixing with additional ingredients in the
cut into formed from middle, and finally packaging it off to be sold.
construction making of At the beginning, raw water is cleaned by passing through a filter before water
synthetic pipes unnatural tubes/pipes softener and chemicals are added. The clean water is then pumped into a
clay layer some mud heater and is eventually sent through a cooling pipe to the pivotal stage where
placed against lined against carbon dioxide is introduced to create the carbonated effect.
as well as and From there, the carbonated water is mixed with colouring, syrup and flavours
bottom underneath and filtered again prior to bottling and canning. The finished drinks are then
when in use as it is being used boxed up and sent to supermarkets for retail.
stored kept in
main compartment major storage piece Analysis
liquid waste is held non-solid trash kept 1. The diagram details the process by which carbonated drinks are
paved over covered produced. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this
5 stage man-made process is comprised of the filtering of raw water and
 addition of carbon dioxide in the early steps, mixing with additional ingredients
in the middle, and finally packaging it off to be sold. Manufacturing Instant Noodles
1. Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
2. Write a general overview for the process. Read more about general
overviews here.
1. At the beginning, raw water is cleaned by passing through a filter before
water softener and chemicals are added. 2. The clean water is then pumped
into a heater and is eventually sent through a cooling pipe to the pivotal stage
where carbon dioxide is introduced to create the carbonated effect.
1. Begin with the early stages of the process.
2. Detail all the stages and paraphrase as much vocabulary as possible.
1. From there, the carbonated water is mixed with colouring, syrup and
flavours and filtered again prior to bottling and canning. 2. The finished drinks
are then boxed up and sent to supermarkets for retail.
1. Continue descriping the process – do not include any opinion.
2. Finish with the last stage of the process.

Answers
details illustrates
by which through which, this is how, showing
carbonated drinks fizzy drinks like Coca-Cola
looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that in general
man-made not natural
is comprised of made up of
filtering of raw water cleaning of natural water
mixing combining
ingredients what goes into it – sugar, etc.
packaging it off sending it out
passing through going through
pumped sent
eventually finally / cooling pipe metal cylinder keeping it cool
pivotal stage crucial step / introduced added in
carbonated effect bubbles, fizzy / colouring giving it color
flavours how it tastes / prior to bottling before it is put in bottles
canning putting it in cans / finished drinks completed product
boxed up put in boxes / retail sale
The picture details the manufacturing process for instant noodles. Overall, this
entirely man-made operation can be divided into 4 main stages beginning with
storage of raw ingredients, assembling the dry noodles, cooking and finally
packaging for later consumption.
Instant noodles start in storage silos where the flour is kept. The flour is
transported, along with water and oil from another source, to the mixers and
rolled into sheets of dough beginning the assembly line steps. These sheets
are cut into strips with factory machinery and then formed into compact
‘Noodles discs’ to be fried in oil, left to dry and ultimately placed in cups along
with assorted vegetables and spices.
The final preparation step is to label and seal the contents so that the end
product is ready for retail.
 Analysis Answers
1. The picture details the manufacturing process for instant noodles. 2. Overall, details describes
this entirely man-made operation can be divided into 4 main stages beginning manufacturing process how it is made in a factory
with storage of raw ingredients, assembling the dry noodles, cooking and instant noodles ramen, noodles in a package
finally packaging for later consumption. entirely man-made operation not a natural process
divided into grouped into
1. Paraphrase what the process shows. main primary
2. Write an overview by dividing it into 3 or 4 main stages. Read more storage where something is kept
assembling put together
about analysing a process here. packaging the plastic/paper outside
1. Instant noodles start in storage silos where the flour is kept. 2. The flour is later consumption to eat afterwards
transported, along with water and oil from another source, to the mixers and start begin
rolled into sheets of dough beginning the assembly line steps. 3. These sheets storage silos where grains are kept after harvesting
are cut into strips with factory machinery and then formed into compact flour ground up grains
‘Noodles discs’ to be fried in oil, left to dry and ultimately placed in cups along another source somewhere else
with assorted vegetables and spices. mixers machines to combine
rolled into sheets of dough combined with water and made into a dough
1. Begin with the first part of the process.
assembly line steps the production process
2. Use the passive when writing about a process. cut into strips sliced into long pieces
factory machinery automated assembly line
3. Make sure that you include all stages and vary long/short sentences. formed into compact made into small
1. The final preparation step is to label and seal the contents so that the end fried in oil cooked in fat/oil
product is ready for retail. left to dry allowed to become dry
1. Finish writing about all steps. ultimately in the end
placed in cups put in packaging
Vocabulary along with also with
What do the words in bold below mean? assorted various
The picture details the manufacturing process for instant noodles. Overall, final preparation step last stage
this entirely man-made operation can be divided into 4 main stages label put on the image, logo, nutritional information
beginning with storage of raw ingredients, assembling the dry noodles, seal cover in plastic, put the lid on
cooking and finally packaging for later consumption. contents what’s inside
Instant noodles start in storage silos where the flour is kept. The flour is end product final step
transported, along with water and oil from another source, to ready prepared for
the mixers and rolled into sheets of dough beginning the assembly line retail to be sold in stores
steps. These sheets are cut into strips with factory machinery and
then formed into compact ‘Noodles discs’ to be fried in oil, left to
dry and ultimately placed in cups along with assorted vegetables and
spices.
The final preparation step is to label and seal the contents so that the end
product is ready for retail.

Rainwater Diagram/Process
The above diagram details the process by which precipitation is stored and
sent for household use in a given town in Australia. Overall, there are 3 main
stages that involve the collection of water through drains, its repeated
transportation and treatment underground and finally reuse as drinking water in
homes.
Rainwater distribution begins with collection through gutters and drains
attached to houses. The water seeping into the ground is not collected
according to the diagram. The drain water is carried through a system of pipes
into a water filter and then a storage tank.
From the storage tank, it next flows by more piping to a water treatment tank
where a chemical process makes the water clean enough for residents to
drink. After the water has been processed, it is sent through pipes, different
from the drain water pipes that originally collected the water, back into homes
to be used for drinking water.
Analysis
1. The above diagram details the process by which precipitation is stored and
sent for household use in a given town in Australia. 2. Overall, there are 3 main
stages that involve the collection of water through drains, its repeated
transportation and treatment underground and finally reuse as drinking water in
homes.
1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
2. Give an overview of the process. Try to divide it into two or three main
stages and summarise what happens.
1. Rainwater distribution begins with collection through gutters and drains
attached to houses. 2. The water seeping into the ground is not collected
according to the diagram. 3. The drain water is carried through a system of
pipes into a water filter and then a storage tank.
1. Begin descripting the process.
2. I included this sentence because there wasn’t enough to write about
otherwise. Do not include opinion or speculation.
3. Use the passive when you continue the process since it is not being
done by a specific person.
1. From the storage tank, it next flows by more piping to a water treatment tank
where a chemical process makes the water clean enough for residents to
drink. 2. After the water has been processed, it is sent through pipes, different
from the drain water pipes that originally collected the water, back into homes
to be used for drinking water.
1. Continue with the rest of the process. I added in extra words to reach the
word limit here.
2. Conclude the diagram and state the end result.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?
The above diagram details the process by which
precipitation is stored and sent for household use in a given town in
Australia. Overall, there are 3 main stages that involve the collection of
water through drains, its repeated transportation and treatment
underground and finally reuse as drinking water in homes.
Rainwater distribution begins with collection through gutters and drains
attached to houses. The water seeping into the ground is ignored according
to the diagram. The drain water is carried through a system of pipes into
a water filter and then a storage tank.
From the storage tank, it next flows by more piping to a water treatment
tank where a chemical process makes the water clean Ceramic Pots Process
enough for residents to drink. After the water has been processed, it is sent The diagram below shows one method of manufacturing ceramic pots.
through pipes, different from the drain water pipes that originally gathered the
water, back into homes to be used for drinking water.

Answers
above diagram details process shown describes
by which precipitation the way in which rain
stored kept
household use for homes/people to use
a given town in some town
main stages biggest parts
involve have to do with
collection gathering, storage
repeated transportation more than one time sent
treatment underground being filtered under the ground
reuse used again
drinking water water that is safe to drink
rainwater distribution water sent out
gutters on houses to channel rain into pipes
drains attached to houses pipes on the side of homes to collect water
seeping into falling into
ignored not paid attention to
drain water water coming from the drains
through a system of pipes by various metal pipes
water filter keeps out small and large debris
storage tank place for keeping the water
next flows then goes The diagram outlines one particular way of creating ceramic pots. Looking from
water treatment tank place to make the water safe an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this chemical process can be
chemical process physically altered grouped into three main stages: collecting the raw materials, forming those
clean enough drinkable materials into pots, and finishing the process by heating and colouring them.
residents people living there The first stage of the process is to dig up and transport the raw materials to
processed treated factories where they are then crushed and mixed with water to make them into
originally gathered first taken a clay-like substance that can be molded into the shape of a pot. From there,
back into homes to the houses again they must dry for 4-6 hours in moulds in order to fix them into their final shape.
They are then placed in an oven and heated to over 1000 degrees celsius.
Following this, the pots are colored and a ‘firing’ stage in the oven sets the
paint pigments in place, finalising the process.
 Analysis Map Hydroelectric Power Station
1. The diagram outlines one particular way of creating ceramic pots. 2. Looking
from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that this chemical process
can be grouped into three main stages: collecting the raw materials, forming
those materials into pots, and finishing the process by heating and colouring
them.
1. Paraphrase what the diagram shows.
2. Write a general overview dividing it into 2 or 3 main stages.
1. The first stage of the process is to dig up and transport the raw materials to
factories where they are then crushed and mixed with water to make them into
a clay-like substance that can be molded into the shape of a pot. 2. From
there, they must dry for 4-6 hours in moulds in order to fix them into their final
shape.
1. Try to describe a lot of steps in one sentence to show off your grammar.
2. Mix up long and shorter sentences.
1. They are then placed in an oven and heated to over 1000 degrees
celsius. 2. Following this, the pots are colored and a ‘firing’ stage in the oven
sets the paint pigments in place, finalising the process.
1. Continue with the next part of the process. You can make a new The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric
power station.
paragraph when you get on to a new section of the process. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
2. Finish describing all the steps. The process shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power
Answers station. In general, the diagram can be broadly separated into day and night
outlines describes / particular way one method stages with the daylight stages involving the generation of electricity from a
ceramic pots pots/buckets made from a clay-type substance river and storage of water in a reservoir. At night the water flows back in the
looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall other direction towards an initial reservoir and the river.
chemical process involves the transformation of materials The first stage of the process involves channelling the river into a high-level
grouped into combined reservoir backed up by a dam. There is an intake area leading to the power
raw materials original source / finishing ending station that is open during the day and closes at night. Water flows during the
dig up mine / transport send to day to generate electricity through the power station turbines and the resulting
crushed ground up / mixed combined electricity is sent to a national grid through power lines while the water then
clay-like substance similar to clay/mud / molded shaped continues to a low-level reservoir.
dry not wet / moulds holders to shape something The reversible turbines that operate the generator during the day allow the
fix set in place / placed put in / finalising finishing station to pump the water in the low-level reservoir back into the high-level
celsius measurement of temperature / following this after this reservoir for use the next day.
‘firing’ stage setting in place the colour
sets the paint pigments in place making the colour stay
IELTS Examiner Sample Answer Analysis Answers:
hydroelectric power station: a place that produces electricity by using
water
1. The process shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power
broadly separated: divided generally into
station. 2. In general, the diagram can be broadly separated into day and
involving: includes
night stages with the daylight stages involving the generation of electricity
flows back: goes back in the direction of
from a river and storage of water in a reservoir. 3. At night the water flows
channelling: forcing into a certain direction
back in the other direction towards an initial reservoir and the river.
backed up by: supported by
1. The first sentence states the topic – write this sentence very quickly
leading to: going towards
because it’s not that important.
2-3. The next two sentences are my overview. This is the key sentence open during the day: not closed during daytime
for your whole writing. For a process, don’t just list all the steps- try to flows: goes
groups and describe them somehow. Careful not to include any opinion! through: pass into and out of
resulting: the result or effect/impact
1. The first stage of the process involves channelling the river into a high- operate: function/work
level reservoir backed up by a dam. 2. There is an intake area leading to pump back: push the water to where it came from
the power station that is open during the day and closes at night. 3. Water for use: to be used
flows during the day to generate electricity through the power station
turbines and the resulting electricity is sent to a national grid through power
lines while the water then continues to a low-level reservoir.
1. My first sentence focuses on the first stage of the process. This is the
natural place to start.
2. The second sentence continues with the water flow through the
process.
3. My third sentence describes the effect of the water going through the
power station.

1. The reversible turbines that operate the generator during the day allow
the station to pump the water in the low-level reservoir back into the high-
level reservoir for use the next day.
1. My final sentence concludes by summarising where the water goes at
night. Usually a paragraph should have at least two sentences but this
one was simple enough to write so it works!
 Sample Answer
Question
Analysis The diagram illustrates the linear process of producing fresh and concentrated
orange juice for the purposes of selling in supermarkets. There are total of 17
Looking at steps which can be organised into three main stages. These include producing and
the diagram delivering fresh orange juice to supermarkets, processing the fresh juice to create
above, you concentrated juice for storage, and finally producing reconstituted orange juice
can see the which is then sold to the general public.
question
focuses on The process commences with fresh oranges being delivered to a factory, where
how fresh the raw product is washed and juice is extracted with excess solid waste being
and used as animal feed. At this point in the process the fresh juice is either delivered
reconstituted in refrigerated trucks for evaporation or packaged and transported to
orange juice supermarkets for selling to customers. Evaporation is carried out at a separate
is produced. facility, removing water and resulting in the production of concentrated orange
An exciting juice, which is subsequently canned and stored in a warehouse. As required, the
topic! orange concentrate is then processed in a third and final plant, where it is mixed
with water in order to produce reconstituted orange juice, which is then packaged
I suggest and ultimately delivered to supermarkets.
making notes on the diagram in the exam, in order to number the steps and
divide them logically into main stages. Your question paper should end up looking Analysis
something like this: Firstly, it’s important to note that this answer has clear paragraphing.

The first paragraph contains an introductory sentence and the overview. The
second paragraph presents the detailed figures.

Although in IELTS Writing Task 1, paragraphing isn’t mentioned in the band

descriptors below band 8, it is still a good idea to use paragraphs to organise your
writing as it makes it more logical.

This helps the examiner to read your answer, and that is always a good thing!

Paragraph 1: Introduction and Overview

The diagram illustrates the linear process of producing fresh and concentrated
orange juice for the purposes of selling in supermarkets. There are total of 17
steps which can be organised into three main stages. These include producing and
delivering fresh orange juice to supermarkets, processing the fresh juice to create illustrates (v) – shows
concentrated juice for storage, and finally producing reconstituted orange juice
a linear process (n) – a process happening in a line
which is then sold to the general public.
fresh (adj) – recently picked or prepared
 The first sentence introduces the process, by paraphrasing (not copying)
the question. concentrated (adj) – made stronger by removing water
 The second sentence begins the overview of the process by confirming purpose (n) – a reason for doing something
the number of steps and main stages.
reconstituted (adj) – to add water to something
 The third sentence completes the overview by summarising the whole
process by identifying the three main stages. raw (adJ) – not cooked or processed

Paragraph 2: Detailed Figures extraction (n) – to remove something

The process commences with fresh oranges being delivered to a factory, where
the raw product is washed and juice is extracted with excess solid waste being
used as animal feed. At this point in the process the fresh juice is either delivered
in refrigerated trucks for evaporation or packaged and transported to
supermarkets for selling to customers. Evaporation is carried out at a separate
facility, removing water and resulting in the production of concentrated orange
juice, which is subsequently canned and stored in a warehouse. As required, the
orange concentrate is then processed in a third and final plant, where it is mixed
with water in order to produce reconstituted orange juice, which is then packaged
and ultimately delivered to supermarkets.
excess (n) – too much
solid waste (n) – leftover hard material (not a liquid or gas)
animal feed (n) – food for animals
evaporation (n) – remove water by heating
a facility (n) – a place with a special purpose
packaged (v) – to put in a packet or box for selling
transported (v) – to be moved from one place to another

 The first sentence begins the description of the detail of the process by delivered (v) – to be transported to the end user or customer
describing the first six steps.
subsequently (adv) – after something else happened
 The second sentence describes steps 7-10.
a plant (n) – a factory
 The third sentence describes steps 11-14.
ultimately (adv) – finally
 The fourth sentence completes the detailed description of the process by
describing steps 15-17. No conclusion is required for Task 1 writing.

Useful Vocabulary (see Quizlet link below for practice activities)

a diagram (n) – a picture

The diagram illustrates how bees produce honey. The diagrams below give information about the manufacture of frozen fish pies.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. make comparisons where relevant.

Model answer

Model answer
The diagram shows the seven
most important stages in the
making of honey by bees. The
process begins with the honey
bees building a hive, and then
finishes when the honey is ready
to be collected and used.
Firstly, the bees have to build a
container. This is called a hive and
it consists of many individually
built cells. Next, the bees leave
the hive in order to search for flowers. When they find a suitable flower, they
collect the nectar from it, which is used to make honey.
The nectar is then taken back to the hive where the production process can begin.
First, it is put into cells. Then, following this, the nectar must be cooled down. In
order to do this, the bees fan the nectar-filled cells with their wings. As a result,
the nectar loses its water content and then finally, the honey is produced.
(150 words)
Nectar: a sweet liquid produced by flowers
Hive: a container where bees live
Evaporation: water changing to gas
This diagram shows that there are a number of processes
involved in the commercial production of frozen fish pies.
The main ingredients consist of fresh salmon, peas and
sauce, with sliced potatoes, and they are prepared
separately. The
potatoes, which may
have been delivered up
to a month in advance,
are cleaned, peeled and
cut into slices. The slices
are boiled and then
chilled before being
stored until needed.
The preparation of the
fish is more labour
intensive than the
preparation of the
potatoes. Within twelve
hours of being delivered
to the factory, the fresh
fish is cooked by being steamed with lemon juice and salt. Then the skin and
bones are removed by hand and disposed of, before a visual inspection takes
place.
After this, the pies are assembled in microwaveable containers Peas and sauce,
which have also been prepared, are added to the fish and then the pie is covered
with a layer of cooked potato slices. The pies are then wrapped and frozen. At this
point they are ready for dispatch, or they may be stored at the factory before
being dispatched.