Lesson 16: Process - Types of process diagrams

diagram - Vocabulary: Sequencing

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Sample 1 – Production process

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The diagram explains the way in which bricks are made for the building industry. Overall, there are
seven stages in the process, beginning with the digging up of clay and culminating in delivery.
To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by a large digger. This clay is
then placed onto a metal grid, which is used to break up the clay into smaller pieces. A roller assists
in this process. Following this, sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into
bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter. Next, these bricks are placed in an
oven to dry for 24 – 48 hours.
In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They are heated in a
kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling
process in a chamber for 2 – 3 days. Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their
destinations.

Sample 2 – Natural process

The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.

The diagram illustrates the various stages in

the life of a honey bee.
We can see that the complete life cycle lasts
between 34 and 36 days. It is also
noticeable that there are five main stages in
the development of the honey bee, from egg
to mature adult insect.
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when
the female adult lays an egg; the female
typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days.
Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg
hatches and the immature insect, or nymph,
appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the
nymph grows in size and sheds its skin
three times. This moulting first takes place
5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days
later, and again another 9 days later. After a
total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the
cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges
from its final moulting stage, and in the
space of only 4 days it reaches full
maturity.

Practice 1 - Production process

Intro: The diagram illustrates…

Overview: 8 stages in the process, beginning with taking flour from the storage silo
and culminating in labeling and sealing the noodle cups.

P1: To begin, flour being stored in silos is taken out and transported to the factory by
truck. Then, water and oil is added to the flour before they are poured into a mixer/
before they are well mixed in a machine. Afterwards, the mixture is flattened into
dough sheets with the help from rollers. They are then cut into dough strips, ready for
the next steps.

P2: At the 5th stage of the process, these dough strips are rolled into noodles discs of
the same size to help them fry more quickly and easily. After being deep fried, the
noodles are left dry before being packed. They are put into cups, together with small
packets of vegetables and spices. Finally, instant noodles cups are labeled and sealed,
ready for consumption.

Practice 2 - Natural process & Production process

The diagram below shows the process of using water to generate electricity for human use.

Intro:

Overview: 8 stages, beginning with seawater warming up, and ending with electricity
being transferred to different places.

To begin, the sun heats up water in the ocean, to the point when water evaporates into
the sky. When there is enough moisture in the air, clouds are formed. These clouds
move inland, accumulating more evaporation along the way, and eventually rain falls
down. The rainwater is collected and kept in a reservoir built for the purpose of
generating electricity.

A set of valves control the flow of water through the opening and closing of the dam.
When the valve opens, the force of water rushing down from the reservoir rotates/
spins, generating power. The water, after passing through the turbine, is pumped back
into the reservoir. The electricity that comes directly from the power plant is
transmitted using high voltage cables to a transformer station (trạm biến áp).
Underground cables are used to distribute electricity to households, hospitals, and
schools.