TENSES- 1 CONCEPT CLASS NOTES_23294121_2024_03_04_15_49

EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERB – TENSE
The word verb is taken from the Latin word VERBUM which
means life of the language.
Without verb there is no sentence in English.
Verb denotes an action / condition / possession of the subject.
Ex:
1. I am a teacher. (state / condition)
2. I teach English. (action)
3. I have two children. (possession)
VERBS – TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
1. Transitive verb:
Ex:
1. Mr. Reddy teaches English.
2. Sita likes mangoes.
3. I met my friend.
A verb which has an object is called a transitive verb.
2. Intransitive verb:
Ex:
1. The bell rang loudly.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. I go for a walk daily.
A verb which has no object is called an intransitive verb.
VERBS – FINITE AND NON FINITE
Ex:
1. I want to eat an apple.
2. She wants to eat an apple.
3. He wanted to eat an apple.
4. I like swimming.
5. He likes swimming.
6. She liked swimming.

Finite verb:
A verb which has subject, shows tense and number is called a

finite verb.
Non finite verb:
A verb which has no subject and does not show tense and
number is called a non finite verb.
VERBS
ACTION VERBS AUXILIARY VERBS
STRONG VERBS WEAK VERBS PRIMARY MODAL

AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
VERBS – STRONG VERBS AND WEAK VERBS
Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle
V1 V2 V3 V4 (V1 + ing)
Sing sang sung singing
Come came come coming
Write wrote written writing
Give gave given giving
Love loved loved loving
Kill killed killed killing
Marry married married marrying
Spend spent spent spending
VERBS – STRONG VERBS AND WEAK VERBS
V1 V2 V3 V4 (V1 + ing)
Sing sang sung singing
Come came come coming
Write wrote written writing
Give gave given giving
Love loved loved loving
Kill killed killed killing
Marry married married marrying
Spend spent spent spending
Strong verb:
If a verb is changed into other forms by changing a vowel then

it is called a strong verb.
Weak verb:
If a verb is changed into other forms by adding suffixes like d /

ed / ied / t, then it is called a weak verb.
The list of some important strong verbs:
V1 V2 V3 V4
arise arose arisen arising
awake awoke awoken awaking
abide abode abode abiding
break broke broken breaking
beat beat beaten beating
begin began begun beginning
blow blew blown blowing
V1 V2 V3 V4
become became become becoming
bite bit bitten biting
bear bore borne bearing
be(am,is,are) was/were been being
V1 V2 V3 V4
bleed bled bled bleeding
bring brought brought bringing
buy bought bought buying
build built built building
burn burnt burnt burning
catch caught caught catching
V1 V2 V3 V4
creep crept crept creeping
choose chose chosen choosing
come came come coming
do did done doing
drink drank drunk drinking
V1 V2 V3 V4
drive drove driven driving
dig dug dug digging
deal dealt dealt dealing
draw drew drawn drawing
eat ate eaten eating
fall fell fallen falling
fight fought fought fighting

V1 V2 V3 V4
fly flew flown flying
forget forgot forgotten forgetting
freeze froze frozen freezing
find found found finding
feed fed fed feeding
feel felt felt feeling
flee fled fled fleeing
fling flung flung flinging
V1 V2 V3 V4
forgive forgave forgiven forgiving
fight fought fought fighting
give gave given giving
go went gone going
grow grew grown growing
get got got getting
V1 V2 V3 V4
hide hid hidden hiding
hang hung hung hanging
hold held held holding
know knew known knowing
lie lay lain lying
lay laid laid laying
lead led led leading
V1 V2 V3 V4
light lit lit lighting
lose lost lost losing
make made made making
mistake mistook mistaken mistaking
mislead misled misled misleading
V1 V2 V3 V4
overcome overcame overcome overcoming
ride rode ridden riding
run ran run running
ring rang rung ringing
rise rose risen rising
see saw seen seeing
shake shook shaken shaking
V1 V2 V3 V4
shine shone shone shining
shoot shot shot shooting
swim swam swum swimming
sit sat sat sitting
speak spoke spoken speaking
steal stole stolen stealing
swear swore sworn swearing
V1 V2 V3 V4
sink sank sunk sinking
stand stood stood standing
seek sought sought seeking
shrink shrank shrunk shrinking
slay slew slain slaying
slide slid slid sliding
V1 V2 V3 V4
spin spun spun spinning
spring sprang sprung springing
stick stuck stuck sticking
sting stung stung stinging
V1 V2 V3 V4
strike struck struck striking
sleep slept slept sleeping
sweep swept swept sweeping
take took taken taking
tear tore torn tearing
V1 V2 V3 V4
tell told told telling
throw threw thrown throwing
teach taught taught teaching
think thought thought thinking
understand understood understood understanding
wear wore worn wearing
V1 V2 V3 V4
win won won winning
write wrote written writing
weave wove woven weaving
weep wept wept weeping
VERBS WITH OUT CHANGING VERB FORM (UNCHANGED VERBS)
V1 V2 V3 V4
put put put putting
cut cut cut cutting
shut shut shut shutting
read read read reading
spread spread spread spreading
quit quit quit quitting
hit hit hit hitting
cast cast cast casting
V1 V2 V3 V4
burst burst burst bursting
cost cost cost costing
hurt hurt hurt hurting
let let let letting
forecast forecast forecast forecasting
telecast telecast telecast telecasting
broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting
AUXILIARY VERBS / HELPING VERBS:
Auxiliary Verbs – Primary Auxiliary Verbs and Modal Auxiliary

Verbs
Primary Auxiliary Verbs:
‘BE’ Forms ‘HAVE’ Forms ‘DO’ Forms

Present Am, Is, Are Have, Has Do, Does
Past Was, Were Had Did
Future Will be, Shall be Will have, Shall have
Note: Been is used in perfect continuous tenses and passive voice.

Being is used in passive voice.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs:
Present Past
Will Would
Shall Should
Can Could
May Might
Must
Should
Had to
Have to
Ought to
Used to
(1).Use of Must / Should / Have to/Ought to:
S + Must / Should / Have to / Ought to + V1 + O
Use: The above structure is used to express a present or future duty /

obligation / necessity / compulsion.
Ex:
1. We should help the poor and needy.
2. You should pay the fees in time.
3. They must work hard in order to improve their English.
4. He ought to look after his parents.
5. I have to go now.
(2).Use of had to:
2.S + had to + V1 + O
Use: The above structure is used to express a past obligation.

Ex:
1. She had to resign her job.
2. They had to cancel the match.
3. I had to wait for two hours there.
4. He had to pay the fine.
(3).Use of used to:
3S + used to + V1 + O
Use: The above structure is used to express past habits or

habitual actions.
Ex:
1. I used to play cricket in my college days.
2. We used to live in Vizag those days.
3. They used to write letters to each other.
4. She used to sing songs in her school days.
(4).USE of CAN
(A) Ability
(C) To give permission
1. I can speak 5 languages 1. You can go now
2. He can swim like a fish 2. You can take this
3. She can cook food.
(B) To ask permission to do (D) To express a possibility (in general)
….(Informal) 1. I know you can win the competition
1. Can I ask a question please? 2. This car can be repaired
2. Can we go home now? 3. You can catch a cold if you go out in the rain
3. Can I talk to you?
(5).COULD
A) To express ability in the past
I could read without glasses a few years ago
He could run 5kms at a stretch when he was young
She could swim across the river when she was young
(B) Could is the past tense of can in indirect speech
He said “I can lift this box”
He said that he could lift that box
(C) To make polite requests
Could I have some coffee?
Could I borrow your book?
Could you please wait for a moment?
( 6).MAY
A) To express permission (Formal)
May I come in sir? Yes, you may
May I go home now? No, you many not
B) To express possibility
It may rain today.
This news may be true.
They may win this match.
I may not attend the meeting tomorrow.
C) To express a wish
May God bless you!
May his soul rest in peace!
(7).MIGHT
(1) Might is the past tense of may in indirect speech
Alice said “ I may come”
Alice said that she might come.
(2) Might shows less possibility than may
It may rain today (May be a 50% possibility)
It might rain today (May be a 30% possibility)
I might go to Delhi tomorrow.
They might win this match.
(3) Past possibility
He might have returned late last night
I might have forgotten the keys at the café
She might have gone to the doctor
7.7
(8) WOULD
A) PAST HABITS
He would dance well when he was a child
I would read a lot in my college days
(B) In Indirect speech
Ramu said, ‘I will go to chennai tomorrow
Ramu said that he would go to chennai the next day
(C) In Conditional Tenses
If I were a bird I would fly in the sky
If you had worked hard you would have got good makrs
(D) Polite Request
I would like to ask you a question
Would you like to have something to eat?
Would you mind helping me with my project?
I would like to have some water
TENSES
The word tense is taken from the Latin word ‘TEMPUS’ which
means ‘TIME’.
Tense shows 'Time of an Action'.
Basically there are three tenses in English. They are
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
Each tense has four forms. They are
1. Simple
2. Continuous
3. Perfect
4. Perfect continuous
So totally there are twelve tenses in English (3X4)
1. PRESENT TENSE
Simple
Present Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
2. PAST TENSE
Simple
Past Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
3. FUTURE TENSE
Simple
Future Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
Thus, totally we have 3 X 4 = 12 tenses in English.
Now for each of these tenses we have to learn four important
aspects. They are
Structure
Tense Use
Clue words
PINNI
Structures of Tenses:
1. Continuous (V) = BE forms + ing (V4)
Present Past Past Present 2. Perfect (V) = Have form + V3
3. Perfect Continuous (V) = HBI
Tense Tense Participle Participle (Have form + Been + Ing)
V1 (eat) V2 (ate) V3 (eaten) V4 (eating)
S.No Name of the tense Structure Example
1 Simple Present S + V1 + O I eat an apple.
2 Simple Past S + V2 + O I ate an apple.
3 Simple Future S + will / shall + V1 + O I will eat an apple.
4 Present Continuous S + am / is / are + V4 + O I am eating an apple.
5 Past Continuous S + was / were + V4 + O I was eating an apple.
6 Future Continuous S + will / shall + be + V4 + O I will be eating an apple.
7 Present Perfect Continuous S + have / has + been + V4 + O I have been eating an apple.
8 Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V4 + O I had been eating an apple.
9 Future Perfect Continuous S + will / shall + have + been + v4 + O I will have been eating an apple.
10 Present Perfect S + have / has + V3 + O I have eaten an apple.
11 Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O I had eaten an apple.
12 Future Perfect S + will / shall + have + V3 + O I will have eaten an apple.
S.No Name of the tense Structure Example
1 Simple Present S + V1 + O I eat an apple.
2 Simple Past S + V2 + O I ate an apple.
3 Simple Future S + will / shall + V1 + O I will eat an apple.
4 Present Continuous S + am / is / are + V4 + O I am eating an apple.
5 Past Continuous S + was / were + V4 + O I was eating an apple.
6 Future Continuous S + will / shall + be + V4 + O I will be eating an apple.
7 Present Perfect Continuous S + have / has + been + V4 + O I have been eating an apple.
8 Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V4 + O I had been eating an apple.
9 Future Perfect Continuous S + will / shall + have + been + V4 + O I will have been eating an apple.
10 Present Perfect S + have / has + V3 + O I have eaten an apple.
11 Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O I had eaten an apple.
12 Future Perfect S + will / shall + have + V3 + O I will have eaten an apple.
Key points to remember:
1. V4 is used in all the six continuous tenses and every V4 must be supported by a ‘BE’ form.
2. V3 is used in all the three perfect tenses and every V3 must be supported by a ‘Have’ form.
3. Both V4 and V3 together can manage nine tenses out of twelve sentences in English.
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:
S + V1 (+ s/es) + O
Fundamental Rule in English: In simple present tense whenever the subject
is in third person singular number (He,She,It etc.,), we must add ‘s’ / ‘es’ to
the following verb.
Eg:
1. He goes to college daily.
2. She comes to Everest.
3. It works well.
4. Rohith Sharma plays cricket.
5. Chitra sings songs.
6. Mahesh looks smart.
Uses:
1. It is used to express habitual actions(regular actions)
Eg:
1. He gets up at 5 o’clock in the morning daily.
2. He goes to college at 8. am.
3. I eat a banana every day.
4. They play cricket every week.
5. He usually comes to my house on Sundays.
6. She goes to her village every month.
7. We celebrate Independence day on 15th August every year.
2. It is used to express universal truths.
Eg:
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. The earth moves around the sun.
3. Birds fly in the sky.
4. The cow gives us milk.
3. It is used to express planned future actions
Eg:
1. The CM visits Karimnagar tomorrow.
2. He comes to India in next month.
3. Our college reopens next week.
4. I go to Bangalore next Saturday.
5. We play cricket next Sunday.
Clue words: usually, generally, always, frequently, rarely, sometimes,
regularly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, every day/week/month/year,
seldom, often, never, occasionally etc.
PINNI:
Positive : You go to college daily.
Interrogative : Do you go to college daily?
Negative : You don’t go to college daily.
Negative Interrogative : Don’t you go to college daily?
PINNI - 1 PINNI - 3
P : They play cricket. P :You know English.
I : Do they play cricket ? I : Do you know English?
N : They don’t play cricket. N :You don’t know English.
N.I . : Don’t they play cricket? N.I . : Don’t you know English?
PINNI - 2 PINNI - 4
P : She comes here daily. P : He goes for a walk daily.
I : Does she come here daily? I : Does he go for a walk daily?
N : She doesn’t come here daily. N : He doesn’t go for a walk daily.
N.I . : Doesn’t she come here daily? N.I . : Doesn’t he go for a walk daily?
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). The earth _____ round the sun.
1) move 2) moves 3) is moving 4) moved
2). This paper ___twice weekly

1) Appeared 2) appears
3) was appearing 4) is appearing
3).Birds _____ nests.

1) Build 2) builds 3) built 4) are building
4). He is very clever boy; he ___ four languages
1) Speaks 2) is speaking 3) has spoken 4) was speaking
5). My friend usually ___ me at dusk

1) is visiting 2) has visited 3) visited 4) visits
6). Radha ____ Rani well, they ____ at the club every Sunday.
1) know, meet 2) knows, meets 3) knew, meet 4) knows, meet
7).The wood always ___ on water

1) Float 2) was floating 3) floats 4) floated
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1. When two vowel (1)/ sounds occurs in direct succession, (2)/ the transition between them (3)/ is
often difficult to make. (4)/ No error (5)
2. Their company is going to incur (1)/ heavy losses this year because (2)/ of the big discounts they
(3)/ offers to customers. (4)/ No error (5)
3. She is pretending (1)/ to be sick (2)/ because she don’t (3)/ want to study. (4)/ No error (5)
4. Most birds sings (1)/ only in day-light, (2)/ one notable exception (3)/ being the nightingale.
(4)/No error (5)
5. Majority of the banks (1)/ today uses technology (2)/ to reach out to those (3)/ living in rural areas.
(4)/ No error (5)
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). Mr. Reddy is going for a walk daily.
A) Go B) Goes
C) Will Go D) No Improvement
2). He lives in Hyderabad but he don’t know Telugu.

A) Doesn’t know B) Didn’t know
C) Won’t know D) No Improvement
3). We go to Ooty in summer every year.

A) Goes B) Will go
C) Went D) No Improvement
2. SIMPLE PAST
S + V2 + O
USES
1. It is used to express an action which happened at a specific point of time in the past.
Eg:
1. I spoke to him an hour ago.
2. We saw a movie last night.
3. He came to my house yesterday.
4. They played cricket last Sunday.
5. We went to Kerala last month.
6. She bought a car six months ago.
7. She completed B.Tech last year.
8. India got freedom in 1947.
CLUE WORDS: Yesterday, day before yesterday, ago, last week/
month/ year, once, long ago, at that time, in 1947 / 2000 / 2015
etc.
PINNI - 1 PINNI - 3
P :You went to college yesterday. P : She came here last month.
I : Did go to college yesterday ? I : Did she come here last month?
N :You didn’t go to college yesterday. N : She didn’t come here last month.
N.I . : Didn’t you go to college yesterday? N.I . : Didn’t she come here last month?
PINNI - 2 PINNI - 4
P : They played cricket last week. P :You loved her.
I : Did they play cricket last week? I : Did you love her?
N : They didn’t play cricket last week. N :You didn’t love her.
N.I . : Didn’t they play cricket last week? N.I . : Didn’t you love her?
1). He ____ out five minutes ago
1) has gone 2) had gone 3) went 4) was going
2). I ___ a new bicycle last week

1) have bought 2) had bought 3) bought 4) would bought
3).We ___ to see the movie last night.

1) Went 2) had gone
3) have gone 4) go
1. I have passed (1)/ the examination (2)/ two years ago. (3)/ No error(4)
2. There are floods in this (1)/ region last year but (2)/ many of the victims
have (3)/ not yet been compensated. (4)/ No error (5)
3. It was not easy for late Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1)/ to root out the custom of
sati (2)/ because a majority of (3)/ the educated class does not support him.
(4)/ No error (5)
1). I have bought this house for Rs. 20 Lakhs in 2000.
A) Bought B) Had bought
C) Will buy D) No Improvement
2). I didn't knew that you were in hospital.

A) Don’t know B) Didn’t know
C) Doesn’t know D) No Improvement
3). I had received my hall ticket yesterday.

A) Have received B) Receive
C) Received D) No Improvement
3. SIMPLE FUTURE:
S + will / shall + V1 + O
USES: It is used express an action which

will take place at sometime in future.
Eg:
1. I will call you back in an hour.
2. We will go to a movie tonight.
3. She will come here tomorrow.
4. We shall play cricket next week.
5. She will buy a car next month.
6. We will appear for SSC CGL next year.
7. He will complete B.Tech in 2025.
CLUE WORDS: Tomorrow, day after tomorrow, next week /
month / year, in 2025 / 2030 etc
PINNI:
1). She _____ to Chennai next week.
1) Go 2) will go 3) went 4) would go
2). My uncle ____ tomorrow.

A) Arrived B) will arrive
C) will have been arriving D) are arriving
3). He _____ coaching for UPSC Civils next year.

1) Take 2) has taken 3) will take 4) took
1). I would meet (1) / you at the college (2) / tomorrow morning.(3)/
No error (4)
2). She will celebrates (1) / her birthday (2) / next week at a star
hotel.(3)/ No error (4)
3). She don’t (1) / attend the meeting (2) / tomorrow.(3)/ No error (4)
1). He buy a car next month.
A) Bought B) Will buy
C) Would buy D) No Improvement
2). She would complete B.Tech next year.

A) Completed B) Will be complete
C) Will complete D) No Improvement
3). My friend will comes to Hyderabad next week.

A) Come B) Would come
C) Will come D) No Improvement
4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: S+ am/ is /are / V4+ O
USES:
1. It is used to express an action which is going
on at the time of speaking or during the present time.
Eg:
1. Mr. Reddy is teaching tenses now.

2. We are listening to his class now.
3. At present, we are preparing for SSC.
4. At this moment, she is talking with her friend.
5. Look, the bus is coming.
6. Listen, somebody is calling you.
7. Don’t disturb me. I am reading a book.
Key words: Now, At present, At this moment, Right now, Now a
days, Don’t disturb, Look, Listen etc.
PINNI:
Note: Certain verbs on account of their meaning are not usually put in the
continuous form.They are normally used in the simple present.These are
1.Verbs of senses: See, hear, smell, taste, feel, etc.
Eg :
1. I am hearing a strange noise. (X)
2. I hear a strange noise. (✓)
2.Verbs of Feelings: Love, like, hate, dislike, want, wish, desire, etc.
Eg:
1. He is loving her deeply. (X)
2. He loves her deeply. (✓)
3. I am liking you so much. (X)
4. I like you so much. (✓)
3. Verbs of thinking: Know, believe, forget, remember, understand, think agree,
disagree, forgive, guess, prefer, recognize, trust, suppose etc.
Eg:
1. I am believing you. (X)
2. I believe you. (✓)
3. He is knowing my address. (X)
4. He knows my address. (✓)
4. Verbs of possession: have, own, belong, possess, consist, contain, comprise, etc
Eg:
1. He is having a car. (X)
2. He has a car. (✓)
3. We are belonging to Telangana. (X)
4. We belong to Telangana. (✓)
5. Verbs of Appearance: appear, look, seem etc.
Eg:
1. She is looking very sad. (X)
2. She looks very sad. (✓)
1).Listen! somebody ___ at the door.
1) is knocking 2) was knocking
3) were knocking 4) knocked
2).Where is your sister? ‘She ______ a bath’.

1) takes 2) take 3) is taking 4) took
3).Leave me alone, I ______

1) am work 2) work 3) am working 4) have working
1). Madhuri Dixit is having (1)/ a large (2)/ fan following. (3)/ No error (4).
2). He is having (1)/ many (2)/ friends here. (3)/ No error (4)
3). Every child (1)/ is liking (2)/ his mother. (3)/ No error (4)
4). Several survey reports (1)/ indicate that the number (2)/ of drug addicts is
grown gradually. (3)/ No error (4)
5). It is seeming (1)/ to me that (2)/ he is notorious. (3)/ No error (4)
1). Most children are liking ice cream.
A) likes B) like C) were liking D) No improvement
2). She is loving chocolate ice cream.

A) has loving B) has been loved C) loves D) No improvement
3). I am having two sisters.

A) have had B) have C) had D) No improvement
4). This box of chocolates is belonging to me.

A) belong B) are belonging C) belongs D) No improvement
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: S+ was / were + V4 + O
USES:
1) It is used to express an action which
was going on at sometime in the past.
Eg:
1. I was watching the TV at 9 PM last night.
2. They were playing cricket yesterday morning. were
3. We were writing a test at this time last Sunday.
4. She was staying in Bangalore at this time last month.
5. He was studying degree final year at this time last year.
2. It is often used in combination with simple past. Past continuous is used for the action
which was going on at sometime in the past (long action) where as simple past is used to
express an action which happened in the mean time (short action).
Eg:
1. He met with an accident while he was crossing the road.
2. I met my friend while I was going to college yesterday.
3. He got promotion while he was working in Tirupathi.
4. When you called me last night I was sleeping.
5. When I saw him, he was waiting for the bus.
6. When I entered the class, the teacher was teaching the lesson.
CLUE WORDS:
1. V2+ when / while
2. At this time + yesterday/ last week / month / year etc.,
PINNI
1). It___ when we reached the station.
1) is raining 2) was raining
3) were raining 4) raining
2). The maid broke the cup while she ___ it.
1) Washed 2) washing
3) was washing 4) has washed
3). He ___ asleep while he was driving.

1) Falls 2) fell 3) has fallen 4) had fallen
4). She jumped off the bus while it ___.
1) moved 2) had moved
3) was moving 4) is moving
5). Yesterday at this time all of us ____ the cricket match.

1) watched 2) were watching
3) had watched 4) had been watched
1). When I saw her yesterday (1)/ she is waiting (2)/ for the bus.(3)/
No error (4).
2). He met with an accident (1)/ while (2)/ he is crossing the road. (3)/
No error (4)
3). We are enjoying (1)/ our vacation in Kerala (2)/ at this time last
year. (3)/ No error (4)
1). At this time yesterday I am watching a cricket match between India and Pakistan.
A) watched B) was watching C) will be watching D) No improvement
2). When he got transfer in 2015 he is working in Mumbai.

A) was working B) worked C) works D) No improvement
3). When you called me last night I slept.

A) am sleeping B) was sleeping C) will sleep D) No improvement
6. FUTURE CONTINUOUS : S + will / shall + be + V4 + O
USES:
It is used to express an action which will be going on at sometime in the future.
Eg:
1. I will be watching a movie at 10 PM tonight.
2. We shall be writing a test at 11am tomorrow.
3. They will be playing cricket at this time next Sunday.
4. He will be staying in Chennai at this time next month.
5. I will be working as an income tax inspector at this time next year.
CLUE WORDS: At this time + tomorrow/next week/month/
year etc.
PINNI:
1). At this time tomorrow, I ___ towards Paris.
A) shall fly B) shall be flown C) shall be flying D) none
2). We _____ a cricket match at this time next Sunday.

A). watch B) will watch C) will be watching D) watched
3). She _____ in Bengaluru at this time next month.

A). stays B) stayed C) will stay D) will be staying
1). When I go home (1)/ at 9 PM tonight (2)/ my friend is waiting for me.(3)/
No error (4).
2). Don’t call me at 9 PM. (1)/ At that time (2)/ I will take my dinner. (3)/ No
error (4)
3). I will talk (1)/ to my friend (2)/ at this time tomorrow. (3)/ No error (4)
1). She will study B.Tech final year at this time next year.
A) is studying B) was studying C) will be studying D) No improvement
2). He will prepare for UPSC Mains at this time next month.
A) is preparing B) will be preparing
C) would be preparing D) No improvement
3). I am confident that I will work an Income Tax Inspector at this time next year.
A) am working B) would work C) will be working D) No improvement
7. PRESENT PERFECT: S+have/has+V3+AW
I
USES:
1. It is used to express an action We
which is just completed. Have

You
Eg :
1. I have just seen him. They
2. We have just arrived. He

3. He has just gone out.
She Has
4. She has just finished her work.
5. He has just spoken to me.
It
6. They have just left this place.
2. It is also used to express a timeless past action (exact time of the
action is not known or is not considered important).
Eg :
1. I have already finished my work.
2. I have never seen a lion.
3. He has already met me.
4. She has already completed her graduation.
5. The train has not arrived yet.
6. I have built three houses so far.
CLUE WORDS:
Just, just now, already, So far, till now, recently, lately, yet ,
ever etc.
PINNI
Important Note: Present perfect tense is not normally used with the past
time adverbials like yesterday, last week, last month, last year, ago, in
2000, in 2015 etc.They are normally used with simple past tense.
Eg:
1. He has gone to Chennai yesterday. 5. She has taken coaching for civils last year.
2. I have eaten a banana last night. 6. I have bought this car five years ago.
3. We have seen this movie last week. 7. I have completed B.Tech in 2015.
4. He has come to Hyderabad last month. 8. He has called me an hour ago.
1. Here are your shoes; I _____ them.
A) just cleaned B) just clean
C) has just cleaned D) have just cleaned
2. Mrs. Jones is not at home; she ____ to visit some friends.
A) went B) has gone
C) had gone D) gone
3. I bought a new car last year, but I ____ my old car yet, so at present I have
two cars.
A) could not sell B) have not sold
C) have sold D) did not sell
SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
4. I have returned library books yesterday.
A) had returned B) have had returned
C) returned D) No improvement
5. Rani has completed her graduation from a reputed university last

year.
[SSC CHSL 2015]
A) completed B) was completed
C) No improvement D) had been completed
8. PAST PERFECT:
When
S+had+V3+O + + S+V2+O
Before
USES:
When two actions happened in the past one

after another, past perfect is used for the first
action and simple past for the second action.
Eg :
1. The train had already left before we reached the station.
2. The patient had already died before the doctor came.
3. The thieves had already escaped when the police arrived.
4. She had written a suicide note before she committed suicide.
5. The movie had begun when we went to theatre.
CLUE WORDS:
V2 + Before/when/after/ that.
EXERCISE – Fill In the Blanks

1. He ____ a job before he completed his course.
A) got B) has got C) had got D) will get
2. When I reached the station the train _____ (so I couldn’t get into the train.)
A) started B) was started
C) has started D) had started
3. The manager ____ the building when the fire started.
A) just left B) has just left
C) had just left D) is just leaving
4. The telephone ____ several times before I answered it.
A) rang B) had rung
C) has rung D) was ringing
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
5. He loved her (A)/ before (B)/ he married her. (C)/ No error (D)
6. Just before (A)/ he died (B)/ ANR acted in the movie Manam. (C)/ No error (D)
EXERCISE – Sentence Improvement
7. They told me that they already sold out all their belongings.
A) has sold already B) have already been sold
C) had already sold D) No improvement
PINNI
9. FUTURE PERFECT:
S+ will/shall + have+V3+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which will be completed before certain
time in the future.
Eg:
1. I will have seen that movie by 10 pm tonight.
2. They will have reached Hyderabad by 7 am tomorrow.
3. He will have bought a car by this time next week.
4. She will have gone to U.S by this time next month.
5. She will have got a job by this time next year.
6. He will
EVEREST have completed
COACHING medicine
POINT for SSC by 2025.
CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS:
By +tomorrow/next week/next month/next year/2025/2030/
6 o’ clock/ 2 pm etc.
PINNI
10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
S+ have/has + been +V4+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which started in the past and is still continuing. This tense is
mainly used when we want to emphasize the time period of an action in the present.
Eg:
1. Mr. Reddy has been teaching English since 2000.
2. We have been living in Hyderabad for 15 years.
3. She has been waiting for the bus since 6 pm.
4. They have been playing cricket for 3 hours.
5. It has been raining heavily since this morning.
6. We have been preparing for SSC for 6 months.
7. She has been taking coaching for civils for 2 years.
8. Narendra Modi has been working as the Prime Minister of India since 2014.
CLUE WORDS: Since/ For, How long
NOTE: Here since shows point of time and for shows period of time.
EXERCISE - Fill in the blanks
1) Mr.Gupta _____ teaching in this college since 2005.
1) is teaching 2) was teaching
3) has been teaching 4) had been teaching
2) I _________ here for you for two hours.

1) am waiting 2) was waiting
3) will be waiting 4) have been waiting
1) We are living (1) / in Hyderabad (2) / for the last twenty years (3) / No error (4).
2) Though he is playing cricket (1) / since his childhood (2) / he has never scored a
century. (3) / No error (4).
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement

1) I am tired as I am working since 7 O’ clock in the morning.
A)I was working B) I had been working
C) I have been working D) No improvement
2) The clients are waiting outside since morning and will continue to wait until you meet
them. [SSC-2013]
A) have waited B) have been waiting
C) were waiting D) No improvement
PINNI:
Note:
The verbs which cannot be used in present continuous tense cannot also
be used in present perfect continuous. We can use present perfect tense
instead of present perfect continuous tense for such verbs.
Ex:
1. I have been knowing him for a long time.
2. He has been loving her for 2 years.
3. This house has been belonging to us since 1980.
11. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
S+ had + been +V4+ O + S + V2 + O
Use:
It is used to express an action which started in the past and had
been in progress until some other action happened in the past. It is
generally used in combination with simple past. This tense is
mainly used when we want to emphasize the time period of an
action in the past.
Ex:
1. My friend had been waiting for me for an hour when I went to the station.
2. We had been playing cricket for 2 hours when it started raining yesterday at 2 pm.
3. When I entered the class this morning, the teacher had been teaching the lesson for 20 minutes.
4. Narendra Modi had been working as the CM of Gujarat for 11 years when he became the Prime Minister in 201
5. SP Balu had been undergoing treatment for Covid for 45 days at a hospital in Chennai when he died on 25th
September, 2020.
6. The British had been ruling India for 200 years when India got freedom in 1947.
CLUE WORDS: Simple past + Since/For
1) He ______ in Hyderabad for ten years when he got transfer to Amaravathi in
2015.
1) was working 2) has been working
3) had been working 4) will be working
EXERCISE - Error Detection
1) He was preparing for SSC CGL (1) / for two years (2) / when he got a job as an
Income Tax inspector last year.(3) / No error (4)
1) Before I came to Hyderabad in 2005, I was living in Tirupathi for 10 years.
1) have been living 2) had been living
3) Have lived 4) No Improvement
PINNI
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
S+will/shall+have+been+V4+O + S + V1 (s/es)+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which will have been
in progress over a period of time in future. It is
generally used in combination with simple present
tense. This tense is mainly used when we want to
emphasize the time period of an action in future. But
this tense is rarely used in modern English.
Eg:
1. By the time I go to theatre at 9 pm tonight, my friend will have been waiting for me for half an
hour.
2. By the time Sita joins that college ,Gita will have been studying there for 2 years.
3.When I go to ground at 12 pm tomorrow my friends will have been playing cricket for 3 hours.
Key words: V1 + Since /For
1) When I turn 50 I ______ English for 30 years.
1) have been teaching 2) had been teaching
3) will have been working 4) will be teaching
EXERCISE - Error Detection

1) When Ajay goes to US next year (1) / Vijay will be doing MS (2) / in US for two years.
(3) / No error (4)
1) When you come to meet me tomorrow at 7 PM I will be waiting for you for two hours.
1) have been waiting 2) had been waiting
3) will have been waiting 4) No Improvement
PINNI
TENSES IN CONDITIONAL:
A tense which is based on a condition is called a conditional tense. It has

two parts
1.If clause 2. Main clause

Ex: If you prepare well, you will get a good job.
If clause Main clause
There are three types of conditional tenses in English.
1. Possible conditional.
2. Improbable / Imaginary conditional.
3. Unfulfilled conditional.
1. Possible Conditional: If you give me 20 lakhs, I will go abroad for higher studies.
V1 Will +V1
USE: Simple present tense is used in if-clause and simple future is used in main clause. Here
the actions in both if clause and main clause are possible.
2. Improbable or Imaginary: If you gave me 20 lakhs, I would go abroad for higher studies.
V2 Would +V1
USE: Simple past tense is used in if clause and conditional past is used in main clause. Here the
actions in both if- clause and main clause are just improbable / imaginary/unlikely to happen
in future / present. The simple past tense in the if – clause is not a true past but a subjunctive
expressing unreality.
3. Unfulfilled Conditional: If you had given me 20 lakhs, I would have gone abroad for higher studies.
Had + V3 Would have + V3
USE: Here both the actions related to the past, past perfect tense is used in if clause and past
perfect conditional is used in main clause. This conditional indicates that something did not
happen because a certain condition was not fulfilled.
If Clause Main Clause
C1 V1 will / shall
can / may
+ V1
C2 V2 would / should
+ V1
could / might
C3 had + V3 would / should
+ have + V3
could / might
Exercise
1. If you write well, you ______ good marks.
A) get B) will get C) would get D) would have got
2. If you wrote well, you ______ good marks.
3. If you had written well, you ______ good marks.
EXERCISE - Filling in the Blanks
1) If he comes, I ______ him.
1) will meet 2) would meet 3) would have met 4) met
2) If I were you, I _____ like this.

1) will not behave 2) wouldn't behave 3) have not behaved 4) behave
3) "Had he tried hard, he could have go that job." The sentence means that
1) he has tried hard 2) he had tried hard 3) he will try hard 4) he didn't try hard
4) If he had known in time he _____ his plans.

1) would change 2) would have changed 3) will change 4) had changed
5) Had you told me earlier, I_____ the meeting.

1) had attended 2) have attended 3) attended 4) would have attended
1) If I had known (1)/ this yesterday, (2)/ I will have helped him. (3)/ No error (4)
2) If a software company (1)/ sends its employees abroad (2)/ to work for a foreign client,
they (3)/ pays them a daily allowance.(4)/ No error (5)
3) If you would have read (1)/ the instructions carefully, (2)/ you would not have (3)/
answered the questions wrongly. (4)/ No error (5)
4) If I was he, (1)/ I wouldn’t accept (2)/ this project. (3)/ No error (4)[SSC CGL TIERI2013]
5) If you had (1)/ told me earlier, (2)/ I will help you. (3)/ No error(4) [SSCCGL TIERI2017]
1) If you would have completed the assignment, I would have granted you leave.
1) Had you been 2) If you would be
3) If you had 4) If you would have been
5) No correction required
2) If we finish our work in time, we will go for a movie.
1) If we finished 2) If we will finish
3) If we would finish 4) No improvement
3). If he would have tried he would have succeeded. [SSC CHSL 2014]
1) had tried 2) is tried 3) was tried 4) No improvement
4). If I will get an opportunity, I shall attend the seminar [SSCCGL TIER I 2015]
1) get 2) got 3) No improvement 4) shall get
5) If I have had money, I would have bought this car. [SSC CHSL2016]
1) had 2) did have 3) had had 4) no improvement
Additional rules on tenses:
Rule No - 1 (Sequence of Tenses / Tense Consistency):
Eg:
1. He told me that he is very busy.
2. She promised me that she will help me.
3. I thought that I can win the race.
4. He said that he has already seen that movie.
A past tense verb in main clause is generally followed by the same tense in
subordinate clause also.
Exceptions:
(1) A past tense in the main clause may be followed by a present tense in the
subordinate clause, when it expresses a universal truth / habitual action /
scientific fact / proverb.
Eg:
1. He said that the earth revolves round the sun. (not ‘revolved’)
2. He said that he takes his bath twice a day. (not ‘took’)
3. My father said that failures are the stepping stories to success. (not ‘were’)
4. The teacher said that water boils at 1000 C. (not ‘boiled’)
1) He said (1)/ that he will meet me (2)/ at the restaurant. (3)/ No error (4).
2) The other day my sister told me (1)/ that she will be moving (2)/ to her
new apartment very soon.(3)/ No error (4) [SSC CGL TIER-II 2015]
3) The man ran (1)/ to a tree, climbed (2)/ on to it and (3)/ sit on a branch.
(4)/ No error(5)
4) We hurried to the door, but nobody is there. [SSC 2012]
1) nobody was there 2) nobody are there
3) nobody were there 4) No improvement
5). The saint said that men are mortal. [SSC 2013]
1) said that men is mortal 2) advised men are mortal
3) said that men were mortal 4) No improvement
Rule No – 2: Double Future Tense
If two actions are going to take place in future one after another, they must
follow the following structure.
Simple Present Simple Future
1. As soon as I will reach Mumbai, I will call you. 5. I shall not go before he will come.
2. He will wait until she will come. 6. I shall help him even if he will not ask me.
3. We will start as soon as the taxi will arrive.
4. I shall ask him when he will meet me.
1). I will discuss the matter with him(1)/ when I will see him (2)/ in the
next few days.(3)/ No error (4)
2). The train will not start (1)/ until the guard (2)/ will blow the
whistle.(3)/ No Error (4) [SSC MULTI TASKING 2013]
3). He will revise it when he is comes back. [SSC CPO 2014]
1) when he comes back 2) on coming back
3) when he came back 4) No improvement
4). I will phone you after I shall arrive.

1) after I shall have arrived. 2) after I arrive
3) after I arrived 4) No improvement
Rule No. 3:- Statement Vs Questions
S: You are going to college.
Sub. Verb
Q: Are you going to college?

Verb. Sub.
In a statement the verb comes after the subject. But in a question it comes
before the subject.
Examples:
 I asked him where was he going.
 She enquired him when would he return from Mumbai.
 She asked him what could she do for him.

1). I courteously asked him (1)/ where was he going (2)/ but he didn’t
reply. (3)/ No error(4).
2). The manager asked the worker (1)/ why was he (2)/ again
disturbing (3)/ the schedule of production. (4)/ No error (5).
3). I don’t understand why did you not call me last night. [SSC CGL
TIER-II 2014]
1) why had you not call 2) why you did not call
3) why not did you call 4) No improvement
Rule No – 4: SINCE RULE
If since is used as a conjunction to denote time, it must be preceded by present

perfect tense and it has to be followed by simple past tense as given below.
Ex:
1. I have met him twice since he became the CM in 2019.
2. He has given up smoking since he fell in love with her.
3. I have not seen him since he got a job.
Exercise: - Spotting Errors
1). He had not taken (1) / any bribe since (2) / he joined this post 10
years ago. (3) / No error (4).
2). We got 500+ final selections (1) / since we started (2) / this
institute in 2015. (3) / No error (4).
3). He did not call me (1) / since (2) / he left my house. (3) / No
error (4).
RULE NO. 5:- WISH RULE
WISH V2
Examples:
 I wish I knew this address. I wish I had wings to fly.

( I am sorry, I don’t know this address.) (I don’t have wings to fly.)
 I wish I were a millionaire. I wish I loved you.

(I am not a millionaire)
(I am sorry. I don’t love you.)
Note: If wish is followed by past perfect tense (Had + V3). It shows, a
past regret.
Example:
I wish I had studied hard. (I didn't study hard. )
I wish I had not gone there. (I went there.)
RULE NO. 6:- AS IF / AS THOUGH RULE
Unreal or Imaginary
V1 V2
V2 As if / As though Had+V3
Unreal or Imaginary
Examples:
 He speaks as if he knew everything. (Present)
 He spoke as if he had known everything. (Past)
Exercise:
1) He drives as if the road belongs to him.
2) He behaved as if he saw a ghost.
3) He behaves as if he is the Chief Minister.
1). She spends money (a) / as though she (b) / would be (c) / very rich woman. (d)
/ No error (e).
2). Anshu speaks (a) / as if he knows (a) / all about the incident. (c) / No error (d).
3) He orders me as if I am his wife.

1) was 2) were
3) will be 4) no improvement
RULE NO. 7: IT’S TIME RULE
Late
V2
Delay
Examples:
It’s high time, you proposed
 It’s time I went home.
your love to her.
 It’s time you realized your

 It’s time the movie began.
mistake.
 It’s high time you consulted

 It’s time you got a job.
the doctor.
RULE NO. 8:- VERBS OFTEN CONFUSED.
V1 V2 V3
Lie (to speak untruth) Lied Lied
Lie (to lie down / remain) Lay Lain
Lay (to put down) Laid Laid
Hang (to kill someone by hanging) Hanged Hanged
Hang (to suspend / dangle) Hung Hung
Find (to discover) Found Found
Found (to establish) Founded Founded
RULE NO. 8:- VERBS OFTEN CONFUSED.
V1 V2 V3
Fly (to move or pass through air) Flew Flown
Flow (to move in a steady and continuous way) Flowed Flowed
Rise (to move upwards / increase) Rose Risen
Raise (to lift or move to a higher position) Raised Raised
Fall (to move from a higher to lower level) Fell Fallen
Fell (to cut down a tree) Felled Felled
Bear (to give birth to young) Bore Born
Bear (to tolerate or endure) Bore Borne
Exercise:
 As I was tired, I lied down for a while yesterday afternoon.
 She laid to the interviewer when she was asked about her age.
 KCR lied a foundation stone to a sports complex a year ago.
 Who hanged this photo here ?
 He was convicted in a rape case and hung.
 I searched for him everywhere, finally, founded him at the college.
 The river has overflown on its bank.
1). He has been (a) / laying on the table (b) / for two hours (c) / No error (d).
2) Radha has lain (a) / many useful books (b) / in her bag (e)/ No error (d).
3) I hanged (a)/ my photo (b) / on the wall (c) / No error (d).
4) The freedom fighter (a)/ Bhagath Singh was (b) / hung by Britishers (c) / No error (d).
5) The temperature (a) / felled after last (b) / night’s rain. (c) / No error (d).
6) I was looking for (a) / my cow and at last (b) / founded it in a street. (c) / No error (d).
7) I did not want (a) / to laid my bag (b) / on his table. (c) / No error (d).
Rule No. 9: Past Regrets
S+ should / ought to (+not) + have +V3 + O
Examples:
 I should have bought that house last year. (But I didn’t)
 You should have taken my permission before leaving. (But you didn’t)
 He should have driven the car slowly and carefully. (But he didn’t)
 You shouldn’t have talked to him like that. (But you did)
 You ought not to have lied to him. (But you did)
 She should have applied for that job. (But she didn’t)
 They shouldn’t have opted for batting. (But they did)

1) You should not have (a) / call me here (b) / this time. (c) / No error (d).
2) We should have not (a) / disturbed him (b) / because he was studying. (c) / No
error (d).
3) He ought (a) / not have (b) / done such a filthy thing. (c) / No error (d).

4) He should not had ignored his friend.
1) should not have 2) should have not
3) should not has 4) no improvement
Rule No. 10: Absence of Necessity
S+ need not + have +V3 + O
Examples:
 You need not have watered the plants yesterday.
 You need not have waited for me so long.
 She need not have cooked so much food.
 He need not have gone to college yesterday.
 They need not have wasted so much time.

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EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45

Without verb there is no sentence in English.

Verb denotes an action / condition / possession of the subject.

1. I am a teacher. (state / condition)

2. I teach English. (action)

3. I have two children. (possession)

1. Mr. Reddy teaches English.

2. Sita likes mangoes.

A verb which has an object is called a transitive verb.

1. The bell rang loudly.

2. The sun rises in the east.

3. I go for a walk daily.

A verb which has no object is called an intransitive verb.

1. I want to eat an apple.

2. She wants to eat an apple.

3. He wanted to eat an apple.

6. She liked swimming.

A verb which has subject, shows tense and number is called a

Non finite verb:

ACTION VERBS AUXILIARY VERBS

STRONG VERBS WEAK VERBS PRIMARY MODAL

Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle Present Participle

Sing sang sung singing

Come came come coming

Write wrote written writing

Give gave given giving

Love loved loved loving

Kill killed killed killing

Marry married married marrying

Spend spent spent spending

Sing sang sung singing

Come came come coming

Write wrote written writing

Give gave given giving

Love loved loved loving

Kill killed killed killing

Marry married married marrying

Spend spent spent spending

If a verb is changed into other forms by changing a vowel then

If a verb is changed into other forms by adding suffixes like d /

arise arose arisen arising

awake awoke awoken awaking

abide abode abode abiding

break broke broken breaking

beat beat beaten beating

begin began begun beginning

blow blew blown blowing

become became become becoming

bite bit bitten biting

bear bore borne bearing

be(am,is,are) was/were been being

bleed bled bled bleeding

bring brought brought bringing

buy bought bought buying

build built built building

burn burnt burnt burning

catch caught caught catching

creep crept crept creeping

choose chose chosen choosing