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TENSES- 1 CONCEPT CLASS NOTES_23294121_2024_03_04_15_49
TENSES- 1 CONCEPT CLASS NOTES_23294121_2024_03_04_15_49
VERB – TENSE
The word verb is taken from the Latin word VERBUM which
means life of the language.
Ex:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERBS – TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
1. Transitive verb:
Ex:
3. I met my friend.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
2. Intransitive verb:
Ex:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERBS – FINITE AND NON FINITE
Ex:
4. I like swimming.
5. He likes swimming.
A verb which has no subject and does not show tense and
number is called a non finite verb.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERBS
V1 V2 V3 V4 (V1 + ing)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERBS – STRONG VERBS AND WEAK VERBS
V1 V2 V3 V4 (V1 + ing)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Strong verb:
Weak verb:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
The list of some important strong verbs:
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
VERBS WITH OUT CHANGING VERB FORM (UNCHANGED VERBS)
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
V1 V2 V3 V4
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
AUXILIARY VERBS / HELPING VERBS:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Primary Auxiliary Verbs:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Modal Auxiliary Verbs:
Present Past
Will Would
Shall Should
Can Could
May Might
Must
Should
Had to
Have to
Ought to
Used to
(1).Use of Must / Should / Have to/Ought to:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
(2).Use of had to:
2.S + had to + V1 + O
3S + used to + V1 + O
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
(5).COULD
A) To express ability in the past
I could read without glasses a few years ago
He could run 5kms at a stretch when he was young
She could swim across the river when she was young
(B) Could is the past tense of can in indirect speech
He said “I can lift this box”
He said that he could lift that box
(C) To make polite requests
Could I have some coffee?
Could I borrow your book?
Could you please wait for a moment?
( 6).MAY
A) To express permission (Formal)
May I come in sir? Yes, you may
May I go home now? No, you many not
B) To express possibility
It may rain today.
This news may be true.
They may win this match.
I may not attend the meeting tomorrow.
C) To express a wish
May God bless you!
May his soul rest in peace!
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
(7).MIGHT
(1) Might is the past tense of may in indirect speech
Alice said “ I may come”
Alice said that she might come.
(2) Might shows less possibility than may
It may rain today (May be a 50% possibility)
It might rain today (May be a 30% possibility)
I might go to Delhi tomorrow.
They might win this match.
(3) Past possibility
He might have returned late last night
I might have forgotten the keys at the café
She might have gone to the doctor
7.7
(8) WOULD
A) PAST HABITS
He would dance well when he was a child
I would read a lot in my college days
(B) In Indirect speech
Ramu said, ‘I will go to chennai tomorrow
Ramu said that he would go to chennai the next day
(C) In Conditional Tenses
If I were a bird I would fly in the sky
If you had worked hard you would have got good makrs
(D) Polite Request
I would like to ask you a question
Would you like to have something to eat?
Would you mind helping me with my project?
I would like to have some water
TENSES
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
The word tense is taken from the Latin word ‘TEMPUS’ which
means ‘TIME’.
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Each tense has four forms. They are
1. Simple
2. Continuous
3. Perfect
4. Perfect continuous
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
1. PRESENT TENSE
Simple
Present Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
2. PAST TENSE
Simple
Past Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
3. FUTURE TENSE
Simple
Future Continuous
Perfect
Perfect continuous
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Now for each of these tenses we have to learn four important
aspects. They are
Structure
Tense Use
Clue words
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Structures of Tenses:
1. Continuous (V) = BE forms + ing (V4)
Present Past Past Present 2. Perfect (V) = Have form + V3
3. Perfect Continuous (V) = HBI
Tense Tense Participle Participle (Have form + Been + Ing)
V1 (eat) V2 (ate) V3 (eaten) V4 (eating)
S.No Name of the tense Structure Example
1 Simple Present S + V1 + O I eat an apple.
2 Simple Past S + V2 + O I ate an apple.
3 Simple Future S + will / shall + V1 + O I will eat an apple.
4 Present Continuous S + am / is / are + V4 + O I am eating an apple.
5 Past Continuous S + was / were + V4 + O I was eating an apple.
6 Future Continuous S + will / shall + be + V4 + O I will be eating an apple.
7 Present Perfect Continuous S + have / has + been + V4 + O I have been eating an apple.
8 Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V4 + O I had been eating an apple.
9 Future Perfect Continuous S + will / shall + have + been + v4 + O I will have been eating an apple.
10 Present Perfect S + have / has + V3 + O I have eaten an apple.
11 Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O I had eaten an apple.
12 Future Perfect S + will / shall + have + V3 + O I will have eaten an apple.
S.No Name of the tense Structure Example
1 Simple Present S + V1 + O I eat an apple.
2 Simple Past S + V2 + O I ate an apple.
3 Simple Future S + will / shall + V1 + O I will eat an apple.
4 Present Continuous S + am / is / are + V4 + O I am eating an apple.
5 Past Continuous S + was / were + V4 + O I was eating an apple.
6 Future Continuous S + will / shall + be + V4 + O I will be eating an apple.
7 Present Perfect Continuous S + have / has + been + V4 + O I have been eating an apple.
8 Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + V4 + O I had been eating an apple.
9 Future Perfect Continuous S + will / shall + have + been + V4 + O I will have been eating an apple.
10 Present Perfect S + have / has + V3 + O I have eaten an apple.
11 Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O I had eaten an apple.
12 Future Perfect S + will / shall + have + V3 + O I will have eaten an apple.
Key points to remember:
1. V4 is used in all the six continuous tenses and every V4 must be supported by a ‘BE’ form.
2. V3 is used in all the three perfect tenses and every V3 must be supported by a ‘Have’ form.
3. Both V4 and V3 together can manage nine tenses out of twelve sentences in English.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:
S + V1 (+ s/es) + O
Fundamental Rule in English: In simple present tense whenever the subject
is in third person singular number (He,She,It etc.,), we must add ‘s’ / ‘es’ to
the following verb.
Eg:
3. It works well.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Uses:
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
2. It is used to express universal truths.
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
3. It is used to express planned future actions
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Clue words: usually, generally, always, frequently, rarely, sometimes,
regularly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, every day/week/month/year,
seldom, often, never, occasionally etc.
PINNI:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI - 1 PINNI - 3
P : They play cricket. P :You know English.
I : Do they play cricket ? I : Do you know English?
N : They don’t play cricket. N :You don’t know English.
N.I . : Don’t they play cricket? N.I . : Don’t you know English?
PINNI - 2 PINNI - 4
P : She comes here daily. P : He goes for a walk daily.
I : Does she come here daily? I : Does he go for a walk daily?
N : She doesn’t come here daily. N : He doesn’t go for a walk daily.
N.I . : Doesn’t she come here daily? N.I . : Doesn’t he go for a walk daily?
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). The earth _____ round the sun.
1) move 2) moves 3) is moving 4) moved
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
4). He is very clever boy; he ___ four languages
1) Speaks 2) is speaking 3) has spoken 4) was speaking
6). Radha ____ Rani well, they ____ at the club every Sunday.
1) know, meet 2) knows, meets 3) knew, meet 4) knows, meet
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1. When two vowel (1)/ sounds occurs in direct succession, (2)/ the transition between them (3)/ is
often difficult to make. (4)/ No error (5)
2. Their company is going to incur (1)/ heavy losses this year because (2)/ of the big discounts they
(3)/ offers to customers. (4)/ No error (5)
3. She is pretending (1)/ to be sick (2)/ because she don’t (3)/ want to study. (4)/ No error (5)
4. Most birds sings (1)/ only in day-light, (2)/ one notable exception (3)/ being the nightingale.
(4)/No error (5)
5. Majority of the banks (1)/ today uses technology (2)/ to reach out to those (3)/ living in rural areas.
(4)/ No error (5)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). Mr. Reddy is going for a walk daily.
A) Go B) Goes
C) Will Go D) No Improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
2. SIMPLE PAST
S + V2 + O
USES
1. It is used to express an action which happened at a specific point of time in the past.
Eg:
1. I spoke to him an hour ago.
2. We saw a movie last night.
3. He came to my house yesterday.
4. They played cricket last Sunday.
5. We went to Kerala last month.
6. She bought a car six months ago.
7. She completed B.Tech last year.
8. India got freedom in 1947.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS: Yesterday, day before yesterday, ago, last week/
month/ year, once, long ago, at that time, in 1947 / 2000 / 2015
etc.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI - 1 PINNI - 3
P :You went to college yesterday. P : She came here last month.
I : Did go to college yesterday ? I : Did she come here last month?
N :You didn’t go to college yesterday. N : She didn’t come here last month.
N.I . : Didn’t you go to college yesterday? N.I . : Didn’t she come here last month?
PINNI - 2 PINNI - 4
P : They played cricket last week. P :You loved her.
I : Did they play cricket last week? I : Did you love her?
N : They didn’t play cricket last week. N :You didn’t love her.
N.I . : Didn’t they play cricket last week? N.I . : Didn’t you love her?
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). He ____ out five minutes ago
1) has gone 2) had gone 3) went 4) was going
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1. I have passed (1)/ the examination (2)/ two years ago. (3)/ No error(4)
2. There are floods in this (1)/ region last year but (2)/ many of the victims
have (3)/ not yet been compensated. (4)/ No error (5)
3. It was not easy for late Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1)/ to root out the custom of
sati (2)/ because a majority of (3)/ the educated class does not support him.
(4)/ No error (5)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). I have bought this house for Rs. 20 Lakhs in 2000.
A) Bought B) Had bought
C) Will buy D) No Improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
3. SIMPLE FUTURE:
S + will / shall + V1 + O
PINNI:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). She _____ to Chennai next week.
1) Go 2) will go 3) went 4) would go
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1). I would meet (1) / you at the college (2) / tomorrow morning.(3)/
No error (4)
2). She will celebrates (1) / her birthday (2) / next week at a star
3). She don’t (1) / attend the meeting (2) / tomorrow.(3)/ No error (4)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). He buy a car next month.
A) Bought B) Will buy
C) Would buy D) No Improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: S+ am/ is /are / V4+ O
USES:
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Key words: Now, At present, At this moment, Right now, Now a
days, Don’t disturb, Look, Listen etc.
PINNI:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Note: Certain verbs on account of their meaning are not usually put in the
continuous form.They are normally used in the simple present.These are
1.Verbs of senses: See, hear, smell, taste, feel, etc.
Eg :
1. I am hearing a strange noise. (X)
2. I hear a strange noise. (✓)
2.Verbs of Feelings: Love, like, hate, dislike, want, wish, desire, etc.
Eg:
1. He is loving her deeply. (X)
2. He loves her deeply. (✓)
3. I am liking you so much. (X)
4. I like you so much. (✓)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
3. Verbs of thinking: Know, believe, forget, remember, understand, think agree,
disagree, forgive, guess, prefer, recognize, trust, suppose etc.
Eg:
1. I am believing you. (X)
2. I believe you. (✓)
3. He is knowing my address. (X)
4. He knows my address. (✓)
4. Verbs of possession: have, own, belong, possess, consist, contain, comprise, etc
Eg:
1. He is having a car. (X)
2. He has a car. (✓)
3. We are belonging to Telangana. (X)
4. We belong to Telangana. (✓)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
5. Verbs of Appearance: appear, look, seem etc.
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1).Listen! somebody ___ at the door.
1) is knocking 2) was knocking
3) were knocking 4) knocked
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1). Madhuri Dixit is having (1)/ a large (2)/ fan following. (3)/ No error (4).
2). He is having (1)/ many (2)/ friends here. (3)/ No error (4)
3). Every child (1)/ is liking (2)/ his mother. (3)/ No error (4)
4). Several survey reports (1)/ indicate that the number (2)/ of drug addicts is
grown gradually. (3)/ No error (4)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). Most children are liking ice cream.
A) likes B) like C) were liking D) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: S+ was / were + V4 + O
USES:
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
2. It is often used in combination with simple past. Past continuous is used for the action
which was going on at sometime in the past (long action) where as simple past is used to
Eg:
6. When I entered the class, the teacher was teaching the lesson.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). It___ when we reached the station.
1) is raining 2) was raining
3) were raining 4) raining
2). The maid broke the cup while she ___ it.
1) Washed 2) washing
3) was washing 4) has washed
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
4). She jumped off the bus while it ___.
1) moved 2) had moved
3) was moving 4) is moving
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1). When I saw her yesterday (1)/ she is waiting (2)/ for the bus.(3)/
No error (4).
2). He met with an accident (1)/ while (2)/ he is crossing the road. (3)/
No error (4)
3). We are enjoying (1)/ our vacation in Kerala (2)/ at this time last
year. (3)/ No error (4)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). At this time yesterday I am watching a cricket match between India and Pakistan.
A) watched B) was watching C) will be watching D) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
6. FUTURE CONTINUOUS : S + will / shall + be + V4 + O
USES:
Eg:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS: At this time + tomorrow/next week/month/
year etc.
PINNI:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1). At this time tomorrow, I ___ towards Paris.
A) shall fly B) shall be flown C) shall be flying D) none
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SPOTTING ERRORS
1). When I go home (1)/ at 9 PM tonight (2)/ my friend is waiting for me.(3)/
No error (4).
2). Don’t call me at 9 PM. (1)/ At that time (2)/ I will take my dinner. (3)/ No
error (4)
3). I will talk (1)/ to my friend (2)/ at this time tomorrow. (3)/ No error (4)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE – SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
1). She will study B.Tech final year at this time next year.
A) is studying B) was studying C) will be studying D) No improvement
2). He will prepare for UPSC Mains at this time next month.
A) is preparing B) will be preparing
C) would be preparing D) No improvement
3). I am confident that I will work an Income Tax Inspector at this time next year.
A) am working B) would work C) will be working D) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
7. PRESENT PERFECT: S+have/has+V3+AW
I
USES:
Eg :
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS:
Just, just now, already, So far, till now, recently, lately, yet ,
ever etc.
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Important Note: Present perfect tense is not normally used with the past
time adverbials like yesterday, last week, last month, last year, ago, in
2000, in 2015 etc.They are normally used with simple past tense.
Eg:
1. He has gone to Chennai yesterday. 5. She has taken coaching for civils last year.
2. I have eaten a banana last night. 6. I have bought this car five years ago.
3. We have seen this movie last week. 7. I have completed B.Tech in 2015.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Here are your shoes; I _____ them.
A) just cleaned B) just clean
C) has just cleaned D) have just cleaned
2. Mrs. Jones is not at home; she ____ to visit some friends.
A) went B) has gone
C) had gone D) gone
3. I bought a new car last year, but I ____ my old car yet, so at present I have
two cars.
A) could not sell B) have not sold
C) have sold D) did not sell
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
4. I have returned library books yesterday.
A) had returned B) have had returned
C) returned D) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
8. PAST PERFECT:
When
S+had+V3+O + + S+V2+O
Before
USES:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS:
V2 + Before/when/after/ that.
2. When I reached the station the train _____ (so I couldn’t get into the train.)
A) started B) was started
C) has started D) had started
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
3. The manager ____ the building when the fire started.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
5. He loved her (A)/ before (B)/ he married her. (C)/ No error (D)
6. Just before (A)/ he died (B)/ ANR acted in the movie Manam. (C)/ No error (D)
7. They told me that they already sold out all their belongings.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
9. FUTURE PERFECT:
S+ will/shall + have+V3+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which will be completed before certain
time in the future.
Eg:
1. I will have seen that movie by 10 pm tonight.
2. They will have reached Hyderabad by 7 am tomorrow.
3. He will have bought a car by this time next week.
4. She will have gone to U.S by this time next month.
5. She will have got a job by this time next year.
6. He will
EVEREST have completed
COACHING medicine
POINT for SSC by 2025.
CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS:
6 o’ clock/ 2 pm etc.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
S+ have/has + been +V4+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which started in the past and is still continuing. This tense is
mainly used when we want to emphasize the time period of an action in the present.
Eg:
1. Mr. Reddy has been teaching English since 2000.
2. We have been living in Hyderabad for 15 years.
3. She has been waiting for the bus since 6 pm.
4. They have been playing cricket for 3 hours.
5. It has been raining heavily since this morning.
6. We have been preparing for SSC for 6 months.
7. She has been taking coaching for civils for 2 years.
8. Narendra Modi has been working as the Prime Minister of India since 2014.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS: Since/ For, How long
NOTE: Here since shows point of time and for shows period of time.
EXERCISE - Fill in the blanks
1) Mr.Gupta _____ teaching in this college since 2005.
1) is teaching 2) was teaching
3) has been teaching 4) had been teaching
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
1) We are living (1) / in Hyderabad (2) / for the last twenty years (3) / No error (4).
2) Though he is playing cricket (1) / since his childhood (2) / he has never scored a
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Note:
The verbs which cannot be used in present continuous tense cannot also
be used in present perfect continuous. We can use present perfect tense
instead of present perfect continuous tense for such verbs.
Ex:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
11. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
S+ had + been +V4+ O + S + V2 + O
Use:
It is used to express an action which started in the past and had
been in progress until some other action happened in the past. It is
generally used in combination with simple past. This tense is
mainly used when we want to emphasize the time period of an
action in the past.
Ex:
1. My friend had been waiting for me for an hour when I went to the station.
2. We had been playing cricket for 2 hours when it started raining yesterday at 2 pm.
3. When I entered the class this morning, the teacher had been teaching the lesson for 20 minutes.
4. Narendra Modi had been working as the CM of Gujarat for 11 years when he became the Prime Minister in 201
5. SP Balu had been undergoing treatment for Covid for 45 days at a hospital in Chennai when he died on 25th
September, 2020.
6. The British had been ruling India for 200 years when India got freedom in 1947.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
CLUE WORDS: Simple past + Since/For
EXERCISE - Fill in the blanks
1) He ______ in Hyderabad for ten years when he got transfer to Amaravathi in
2015.
1) was working 2) has been working
3) had been working 4) will be working
EXERCISE - Error Detection
1) He was preparing for SSC CGL (1) / for two years (2) / when he got a job as an
Income Tax inspector last year.(3) / No error (4)
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
1) Before I came to Hyderabad in 2005, I was living in Tirupathi for 10 years.
1) have been living 2) had been living
3) Have lived 4) No Improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
S+will/shall+have+been+V4+O + S + V1 (s/es)+ O
USE:
It is used to express an action which will have been
in progress over a period of time in future. It is
generally used in combination with simple present
tense. This tense is mainly used when we want to
emphasize the time period of an action in future. But
this tense is rarely used in modern English.
Eg:
1. By the time I go to theatre at 9 pm tonight, my friend will have been waiting for me for half an
hour.
2. By the time Sita joins that college ,Gita will have been studying there for 2 years.
3.When I go to ground at 12 pm tomorrow my friends will have been playing cricket for 3 hours.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Key words: V1 + Since /For
EXERCISE - Fill in the blanks
1) When I turn 50 I ______ English for 30 years.
1) have been teaching 2) had been teaching
3) will have been working 4) will be teaching
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
PINNI
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
TENSES IN CONDITIONAL:
1. Possible conditional.
3. Unfulfilled conditional.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
1. Possible Conditional: If you give me 20 lakhs, I will go abroad for higher studies.
V1 Will +V1
USE: Simple present tense is used in if-clause and simple future is used in main clause. Here
the actions in both if clause and main clause are possible.
2. Improbable or Imaginary: If you gave me 20 lakhs, I would go abroad for higher studies.
V2 Would +V1
USE: Simple past tense is used in if clause and conditional past is used in main clause. Here the
actions in both if- clause and main clause are just improbable / imaginary/unlikely to happen
in future / present. The simple past tense in the if – clause is not a true past but a subjunctive
expressing unreality.
3. Unfulfilled Conditional: If you had given me 20 lakhs, I would have gone abroad for higher studies.
Had + V3 Would have + V3
USE: Here both the actions related to the past, past perfect tense is used in if clause and past
perfect conditional is used in main clause. This conditional indicates that something did not
happen because a certain condition was not fulfilled.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
If Clause Main Clause
C1 V1 will / shall
can / may
+ V1
C2 V2 would / should
+ V1
could / might
C3 had + V3 would / should
+ have + V3
could / might
Exercise
1. If you write well, you ______ good marks.
A) get B) will get C) would get D) would have got
2. If you wrote well, you ______ good marks.
A) get B) will get C) would get D) would have got
3. If you had written well, you ______ good marks.
A) get B) will get C) would get D) would have got
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Filling in the Blanks
1) If he comes, I ______ him.
1) will meet 2) would meet 3) would have met 4) met
3) "Had he tried hard, he could have go that job." The sentence means that
1) he has tried hard 2) he had tried hard 3) he will try hard 4) he didn't try hard
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
1) If I had known (1)/ this yesterday, (2)/ I will have helped him. (3)/ No error (4)
2) If a software company (1)/ sends its employees abroad (2)/ to work for a foreign client,
they (3)/ pays them a daily allowance.(4)/ No error (5)
3) If you would have read (1)/ the instructions carefully, (2)/ you would not have (3)/
answered the questions wrongly. (4)/ No error (5)
4) If I was he, (1)/ I wouldn’t accept (2)/ this project. (3)/ No error (4)[SSC CGL TIERI2013]
5) If you had (1)/ told me earlier, (2)/ I will help you. (3)/ No error(4) [SSCCGL TIERI2017]
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
1) If you would have completed the assignment, I would have granted you leave.
5) No correction required
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
3). If he would have tried he would have succeeded. [SSC CHSL 2014]
1) had tried 2) is tried 3) was tried 4) No improvement
4). If I will get an opportunity, I shall attend the seminar [SSCCGL TIER I 2015]
1) get 2) got 3) No improvement 4) shall get
5) If I have had money, I would have bought this car. [SSC CHSL2016]
1) had 2) did have 3) had had 4) no improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Additional rules on tenses:
Rule No - 1 (Sequence of Tenses / Tense Consistency):
Eg:
1. He told me that he is very busy.
2. She promised me that she will help me.
3. I thought that I can win the race.
4. He said that he has already seen that movie.
A past tense verb in main clause is generally followed by the same tense in
subordinate clause also.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Exceptions:
(1) A past tense in the main clause may be followed by a present tense in the
subordinate clause, when it expresses a universal truth / habitual action /
scientific fact / proverb.
Eg:
1. He said that the earth revolves round the sun. (not ‘revolved’)
2. He said that he takes his bath twice a day. (not ‘took’)
3. My father said that failures are the stepping stories to success. (not ‘were’)
4. The teacher said that water boils at 1000 C. (not ‘boiled’)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
1) He said (1)/ that he will meet me (2)/ at the restaurant. (3)/ No error (4).
2) The other day my sister told me (1)/ that she will be moving (2)/ to her
new apartment very soon.(3)/ No error (4) [SSC CGL TIER-II 2015]
3) The man ran (1)/ to a tree, climbed (2)/ on to it and (3)/ sit on a branch.
(4)/ No error(5)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
4) We hurried to the door, but nobody is there. [SSC 2012]
1) nobody was there 2) nobody are there
3) nobody were there 4) No improvement
5). The saint said that men are mortal. [SSC 2013]
1) said that men is mortal 2) advised men are mortal
3) said that men were mortal 4) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Rule No – 2: Double Future Tense
If two actions are going to take place in future one after another, they must
follow the following structure.
1. As soon as I will reach Mumbai, I will call you. 5. I shall not go before he will come.
2. He will wait until she will come. 6. I shall help him even if he will not ask me.
3. We will start as soon as the taxi will arrive.
4. I shall ask him when he will meet me.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Spotting Errors
1). I will discuss the matter with him(1)/ when I will see him (2)/ in the
2). The train will not start (1)/ until the guard (2)/ will blow the
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
3). He will revise it when he is comes back. [SSC CPO 2014]
1) when he comes back 2) on coming back
3) when he came back 4) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Rule No. 3:- Statement Vs Questions
S: You are going to college.
Sub. Verb
In a statement the verb comes after the subject. But in a question it comes
before the subject.
Examples:
I asked him where was he going.
1). I courteously asked him (1)/ where was he going (2)/ but he didn’t
2). The manager asked the worker (1)/ why was he (2)/ again
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
EXERCISE - Sentence Improvement
3). I don’t understand why did you not call me last night. [SSC CGL
TIER-II 2014]
1) why had you not call 2) why you did not call
3) why not did you call 4) No improvement
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Rule No – 4: SINCE RULE
Ex:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Exercise: - Spotting Errors
1). He had not taken (1) / any bribe since (2) / he joined this post 10
years ago. (3) / No error (4).
2). We got 500+ final selections (1) / since we started (2) / this
institute in 2015. (3) / No error (4).
3). He did not call me (1) / since (2) / he left my house. (3) / No
error (4).
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
RULE NO. 5:- WISH RULE
WISH V2
Examples:
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Note: If wish is followed by past perfect tense (Had + V3). It shows, a
past regret.
Example:
I wish I had studied hard. (I didn't study hard. )
I wish I had not gone there. (I went there.)
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
RULE NO. 6:- AS IF / AS THOUGH RULE
Unreal or Imaginary
V1 V2
V2 As if / As though Had+V3
Unreal or Imaginary
Examples:
He speaks as if he knew everything. (Present)
Exercise:
1) He drives as if the road belongs to him.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Exercise: - Spotting Errors
1). She spends money (a) / as though she (b) / would be (c) / very rich woman. (d)
/ No error (e).
2). Anshu speaks (a) / as if he knows (a) / all about the incident. (c) / No error (d).
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
RULE NO. 7: IT’S TIME RULE
Late
V2
Delay
Examples:
It’s high time, you proposed
It’s time I went home.
your love to her.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
RULE NO. 8:- VERBS OFTEN CONFUSED.
V1 V2 V3
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
RULE NO. 8:- VERBS OFTEN CONFUSED.
V1 V2 V3
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Exercise:
She laid to the interviewer when she was asked about her age.
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Exercise: - Spotting Errors
1). He has been (a) / laying on the table (b) / for two hours (c) / No error (d).
2) Radha has lain (a) / many useful books (b) / in her bag (e)/ No error (d).
4) The freedom fighter (a)/ Bhagath Singh was (b) / hung by Britishers (c) / No error (d).
5) The temperature (a) / felled after last (b) / night’s rain. (c) / No error (d).
6) I was looking for (a) / my cow and at last (b) / founded it in a street. (c) / No error (d).
7) I did not want (a) / to laid my bag (b) / on his table. (c) / No error (d).
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Rule No. 9: Past Regrets
S+ should / ought to (+not) + have +V3 + O
Examples:
You should have taken my permission before leaving. (But you didn’t)
He should have driven the car slowly and carefully. (But he didn’t)
You shouldn’t have talked to him like that. (But you did)
She should have applied for that job. (But she didn’t)
1) You should not have (a) / call me here (b) / this time. (c) / No error (d).
2) We should have not (a) / disturbed him (b) / because he was studying. (c) / No
error (d).
3) He ought (a) / not have (b) / done such a filthy thing. (c) / No error (d).
EVEREST COACHING POINT for SSC CGL / CHSL, HYD:- 90 300 301 85/86, 99 855 125 45
Rule No. 10: Absence of Necessity
S+ need not + have +V3 + O
Examples: