Cascarano Formula Sheet Physics 2A

Math Stuff Constants

Scalar Product 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝐵
⃗⃗ = |𝐴⃗||𝐵
⃗⃗| cos 𝜃 Acceleration of gravity g = 9.80 m/s2
Vector Product 𝐴⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗ = |𝐴⃗||𝐵
⃗⃗| sin 𝜃 Universal gravitation G = 6.67x10-11 Nm2/kg2
Quadratic formula −𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 Mass of Earth 𝑀𝐸 = 5.97𝑥1024 𝑘𝑔
(ax2+bx+c=0) 𝑥= Radius of Earth 𝑅𝐸 = 6.38𝑥106 𝑚
2𝑎

Kinematics Trig Identities Newton’s Laws / Friction / Circular motion

nd ∆𝑝⃗
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 Law of cosines: 2 Law ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗ =
∆𝑡
1 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝛼 𝐺𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 Gravitation
𝐹=
𝑟2
𝑣𝑥2 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥
2
+ 2𝑎𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) Law of sines: Static friction 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑁
𝑣𝑜𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Kinetic friction 𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 = ( )𝑡 = =
2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
 b Centripetal acceleration 𝑣2
Velocity Addition a 𝑎𝑐𝑝 =
  𝑟
𝑣⃗𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣⃗𝐴𝐶 + 𝑣⃗𝐶𝐵 c

Work & Power Energy

1
Work by constant force 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 Kinetic energy 𝐾 = 2𝑚𝑣 2
1 𝐺𝑚𝑀𝐸
Work done by a spring 𝑊𝑠𝑝 = 2𝑘𝑥 2 Gravitational potential
𝑈𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦 = −
energy 𝑟
1
Conservative forces 𝑊𝑐 = −∆𝑈 Spring potential energy 𝑈𝑠𝑝 = 2𝑘𝑥 2
Non-conservative forces 𝑊𝑛𝑐 = ∆𝐸 Hooke’s Law (spring force) 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
Power 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 Work-Energy Theorem 𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∆𝐾
𝑃=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Impulse and Momentum Center of Mass

Linear 𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑣⃗ Center of mass ∑𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝐶𝑀 =
momentum (point objects) ∑𝑛 𝑚 𝑛
Impulse 𝐼⃗ = 𝐹⃗𝑎𝑣𝑒 ∆𝑡
Impulse - 𝐼⃗ = ∆𝑝⃗ 𝑝⃗𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣⃗𝐶𝑀
momentum Total momentum
∑ 𝐹⃗𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎⃗𝐶𝑀

Rotational Kinematics Linear / Angular Rotational Inertia and Energy

𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 + 𝛼𝑡 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 Rotational inertia 𝐼 = ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠) (point objects)
1
𝜃 = 𝜃𝑜 + 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 2𝛼𝑡 2 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑟𝜔
𝜔2 = 𝜔𝑜2 + 2𝛼(𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 ) 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑟𝛼 Parallel axis theorem 𝐼𝑃 = 𝐼𝐶𝑀 + 𝑀𝑑 2
𝜔𝑜 + 𝜔 𝑣2 Rotational kinetic energy 1
𝐾 = 2𝐼𝜔2
𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 = ( )𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑝 = = 𝑟𝜔2
2 𝑟

Torque and Angular Momentum Rotational Motion

Torque 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ = 𝑟𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ = 𝑟⊥ 𝐹 Newton’s 2nd law ∑ 𝜏⃗ = 𝐼𝛼⃗ =
⃗⃗
𝑑𝐿
𝑑𝑡
Angular 𝐿⃗⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑣𝑟⊥ = 𝐼𝜔
⃗⃗ Work 𝑊 = 𝜏∆𝜃 = ∆𝐾𝑟𝑜𝑡
momentum
Power 𝑃 = 𝜏𝜔
Cascarano Formula Sheet Physics 2A

Simple Harmonic Motion Angular Frequency

Displacement 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + ∅) Mass on a spring
𝑘
𝜔=√
𝑚
Velocity Simple pendulum 𝑔
𝑣(𝑡) = −𝜔𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + ∅) 𝜔=√
𝑙
Period 2𝜋 Frequency 1 𝜔
𝑇= 𝑓= =
𝜔 𝑇 2𝜋

(j) Thin hoop rotating on axis through any diameter of the hoop:

1
𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅 2
2