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Legal Writing support his thesis. These may be pieces of evidence offered in
court, sections of the law, decisions of the SC, opinions of
Knowledge of law legal authorities on a subject. Examples: academic legal
Apply laws in exams writing, motions, pleadings and argument section of the brief.
Articulate the laws 3. FUNCTIONAL WRITING - is designed a specific use or result in
law. These are deeds, wills, contracts or drafts of law and
A lawyer must know the technical type of writing and ordinances which legally bind involved. It is enough to be
presentation of writing. accurate and complete yet understandable. TWO BROAD
CATEGORIES OF LEGAL WRITING 1. LEGAL ANALYSIS 1.
Example: PREDICTIVE ANALYSISA. ANALYSIS - the facts and laws, The
facts then applied the law, and they are interpreted according
Pleadings to the meaning of the law. B. PREDICTION the outcome of
Complaints the legal question, whether positive or negative, is predicted.
Position papers C. RECOMMENDATION – based on the facts and law, gives
Affidavits his advise or recommendation as to what is the best line of
Contracts action under the circumstances. 2. PERSUASIVE ANALYSIS- a
Answers persuasive documents attempts to persuade a judge, arbiter
or any other deciding authority to decide the case in favour of
Characteristics of Legal Writing
the writer’s client. Examples. Pleadings, motions and briefs.
Rely on forms or templates
LEGAL DRAFTING - this is functional type of legal writing, Here, the
Arguments are backed up with authority, decided cases by the
writer creates a legal binding document, or uses at already available
Supreme Court and ruling is applicable
templates found in Legal Forms handbooks. Examples are: contracts,
Rely on legal scholars
deeds, will and testaments for private persons, and laws, regulations
Emphasized technical terminologies
and ordinances which bind the public in general. DEFINITION OF
Words or terminologies assume different reasoning
TERMS: MEMORANDUM- literally “ to be remembered” is a paper that
Use of old English terms (therefore, wherefore)
explains and summarizes specific points of law for a judge, for another
Words are borrowed from other language
attorney or for a client.
French – estoppel, laches
PLEADING - the formal presentation of claims and defenses by parties
to a lawsuit. The specific papers by which the allegations of parties to a
Latin – certiorari, habeas corpus, prima facie, interalia
lawsuit are presented in a proper form; specifically; the complaint of a
Legal drafting – making of affidavits before, during proceedings plaintiff and the answer of a defendant plus any additional responses
to those papers that are authorized by law.
Legal analysis – can be predictive or persuasive to things that may
happen in the litigation, the costs or time needed and everything must MOTION - a written or oral application made to a court or judge to
be in the form of a letter. obtain a ruling or order directing that some act be done in favour of the
applicant. The applicant is known as the moving party, or the movant.
Predictive analysis Persuasive analysis BRIEF- a written document drawn up by an attorney for a party in a
Assume of facts Mastery with suitor lawsuit or by appearing pro se that concisely states the following:
Solution for possible issues To gain in favor of judge
1. issue of a lawsuit
Laws applicable Persuading skills in court
2. facts that bring the parties to court;
Pros and cons shall be identified Persuade judge usually through 3. relevant laws that can affect the subject of the dispute;
motions or position papers 4. arguments that explain how the law applies to the particular
Possibility of settlement Write arguments in good facts so that the case will be decided in the party’s favor.
presentation
APPELLATE BRIEF - a writing must be filed with an appellate court so
that the court may evaluate whether the decision of the lower court
CHAPTER 1 should be reversed because of some error or impropriety that occurred
during the trial.
Legal writing = is the kind of writing used by lawyers, law professors,
judges and other workers in the field of law to express legal rights, CHAPTER 2-SIMPLICITY
obligations and opinions.
PURPOSE:
Types of Legal writing
1. use short sentences, as a rule
1. INFORMATIVE WRITING - information on an issue involving 2. avoid wordy expression, clichés and tautology
the law or a person’s legal rights. This type of writing does not 3. avoid elaborating on the obvious;
take sides. Its goal is objective communication by predicting 4. get to the point soonest
the law’s ’’path’’ vis-à-vis a set of facts regardless of who is 5. minimize the use connectives and relative pronouns;
involved. Example, memoranda, letters to clients and 6. avoid convoluted word-constructions
statement of facts in brief. 7. replace multisyllabic terms with shorter, more understandable
2. PERSUASIVE WRITING - convinces the reader to accept a words.
certain viewpoint. Here, the writer argues for a particular side
or perspective. He is expected of use available legal tools to
ELEMENTS OF LEGAL WRITING similarities between the case decided by the Supreme court and the
case of the client. B. ARGUMENT OF SAME LEGAL APPLICATION-
SIMPLICITY- in writing means to write a plainly and simply. To observe analogical reasoning may also be used to show similarities that if the
the rules on “ economy of expression ”each sentence must say what the law applies to one area, it may be understood to apply to other similar
writer the writer means and means what the writer wants to say. areas. C. ARGUMENT USING COMMON SENSE ANALOGY- analogical
arguments may be used by starting with something that everyone
RULES: accepts.
1. Avoid wordy expression - simpler construction is preferred 3. policy-based reasoning - reaches a conclusion by connecting the
than using too many words an idea. facts of the case to the state’s existing policy. 4. narrative reasoning
1. 2. Avoid elaborating on the obvious this means do not the conclusion by telling a story that shows the context, description and
expand or restate the obvious. It bores the reader with perspective that appeals to commonly-held ideas of justice, mercy or
information he already has. fairness.
2. 3. Get to the point omit unnecessary preliminaries
3. 4. Avoid tautology this means doing away with unnecessary Legal Writing Midterm Reviewer
repetition of an idea in different words.
4. Eliminate certain phrases Legal Writing - kind of used by lawyers, law professors, judges and other
5. 6. Minimize the use of connective and relative pronouns workers in the field of law to express legal rights obligations and
opinions Types: 1. Informative writing 2. Persuasive writing 3.
Functional writing
it does not follow that the mean is always the correct position.