Dr.

J P Singh
Associate Professor in Physics
PGGC – 11 Chandigarh
 → → → z, B
J = L+ S
→
l = −  B l (l + 1) (1) jz

→
 s = −2 B s ( s + 1)
( 2)
J
L
→ 2 
Total magnetic moment j is the sumS of 1
→ → →
l and in the direction
J → of
1  2and J with
s →
If l and s makes angle 
1  2
l
→ → →
 j = l cos 1 +  s cos  2 →
s
→

 j = l cos 1 +  s cos  2 (3) j

Or
 → → →
J = L+ S
→ → →
S = J− L → → → →
S = J + L −2 J .L
2 2 2
L = J + S − 2 J .S
2 2 2

S 2 = J 2 + L2 − 2 JL cos 1 L2 = J 2 + S 2 − 2 JS cos  2

J 2 + S 2 − L2
J 2 + L2 − S 2 cos  2 =
cos 1 = 2 JS
2 JL j ( j + 1) + s ( s + 1) − l (l + 1)
cos  2 =
j ( j + 1) + l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1) 2 j ( j + 1) s ( s + 1)
cos 1 =
2 j ( j + 1) l (l + 1)

 j = l cos 1 +  s cos  2 (3)

j ( j + 1) + l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1) j ( j + 1) + s ( s + 1) − l (l + 1)
 j = l + s
2 j ( j + 1) l (l + 1) 2 j ( j + 1) s ( s + 1)
 Putting l and  s from (1) and (2)
j ( j + 1) + l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1)
 j = − B l (l + 1) .
2 j ( j + 1) l (l + 1)
j ( j + 1) + s ( s + 1) − l (l + 1)
− 2 B s ( s + 1) .
2 j ( j + 1) s ( s + 1)
j ( j + 1) + l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1) j ( j + 1) + s ( s + 1) − l (l + 1)
 j = − B − 2 B
2 j ( j + 1) 2 j ( j + 1)
 j ( j + 1) + l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1) 2 j ( j + 1) + 2 s ( s + 1) − 2l (l + 1) 
 j = − B  + 
 2 j ( j + 1) 2 j ( j + 1) 
 3 j ( j + 1) − l (l + 1) + s ( s + 1)  Multiply num deno by
 j = − B   j ( j + 1)
 2 j ( j + 1) 
 3 j ( j + 1) − l (l + 1) + s ( s + 1) 
 j = −  B j ( j + 1)  
 2 j ( j + 1) 
  j = −  B g j j ( j + 1)
 3 j ( j + 1) − l (l + 1) + s ( s + 1) 
gj =  
 2 j ( j + 1) 
 2 j ( j + 1) + j ( j + 1) − l (l + 1) − s ( s + 1) 
gj =  
 2 j ( j + 1) 
 j ( j + 1) − l (l + 1) + s ( s + 1) 
Whereg j = 1 +  is calle
 2 j ( j + 1) 
Lande g factor