PRINCIPLES OF CRIME PREVENTION

REDUCTION AND CONTROL

MODULE CODE : CMY2602

STUDENT NUMBER : 58474323
INITIALS & SURNAME : M.GUMEDE
UNIQUE CODE : 700105
DUE DATE : 2023-08-17
ASSIGNMENT 1 : SEMESTER 2

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
QUESTION 1 socio-economic factors and relative deprivation………………………..3 &4
QUESTION 2 Policing style……………………………………………………………….5 &6
Declaration form ……………………………………………………………………………7
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………….8

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QUESTION 1
Explore how the role of socioeconomic factors and relative deprivation contribute
to the current crime opportunities in South Africa. Include your own practical
examples:
Crime prevention depends on existing socio-economic conditions. Community. This
includes factors such as unemployment/underemployment. Poverty, urbanization,
overcrowding, overcrowding and the presence of illegal immigrants .Immigrants, rising
unemployment. Some crimes, such as white-collar crime, cannot occur. Criminals are at
work. This environment creates opportunities for someone committing a crime.
Acceptance of other crimes (so-called "labour crimes") Because the criminal lost his (or
part-time) job and was forced to steal survive It might be more profitable to make a
living from crime than from other criminals. A legal job within his reach.

Poverty and inequality: In South Africa, poverty and high income inequality create an
environment conducive to crime. Poverty causes people to engage in criminal activities
as a means of livelihood. In addition, wide income disparity can lead to anger and
frustration, which can lead to social unrest and criminal behaviour. Unemployment: High
rates of unemployment, especially among young people, contribute to crime rates. The
unemployed may engage in criminal activities as a source of income or to alleviate
financial problems. Lack of job opportunities also creates a sense of hopelessness and
despair that increases the likelihood of criminal activity.

Lack of access to education: Limited access to quality education perpetuates the cycle
of poverty and crime. Without the right education and skills, people struggle to find work
and crime rates rise. Education plays an important role in empowering individuals and
providing alternative opportunities to engage in legal activities. Inadequate housing and
basic services: Lack of adequate housing and basic services such as water, sanitation
and electricity contribute to social unrest and crime. Overcrowded and poor living
conditions create an environment in which criminal activity can thrive. Lack of access to
basic services creates frustration and dissatisfaction, increasing the likelihood of
criminal activity.

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Drug addiction: Drug addiction, especially alcohol and drug addiction, is strongly
associated with crime. Substance abuse impairs thinking skills, increases aggression
and lowers inhibitions, making people vulnerable to criminal activity. The prevalence of
drug addiction in South Africa increases the crime rate and creates additional
opportunities for crime. Here are real examples of how socioeconomic factors and
relative deprivation contribute to crime rates in South Africa.

Urban gangs: In poor areas where unemployment and poverty are high, gangs often
form due to limited opportunities and social isolation. The group is involved in a variety
of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, robbery and violence. Areas with high
crime rates: Areas with high levels of poverty and inequality, such as informal
settlements and slums, tend to have high crime rates. Limited access to resources and
opportunities in these areas increases the potential for criminal activity. Cash robbery:
Cash robbery is common in South Africa, where criminals target armoured vehicles
carrying cash. These crimes are often linked to socio-economic factors such as high
unemployment and poverty, as well as the pursuit of quick financial gain. Addressing
these socioeconomic factors and relative deprivation is essential to reducing South
Africa's crime rate. This requires an integrated strategy to reduce poverty, create jobs,
provide education, access to basic services, combat drug addiction and promote social
cohesion.

The discrepancy between people's expectations and capabilities can be motivating.

break the law Expectations include material possessions and living conditions.

People believe they are valuable and ability is about goods and lives. Conditions that
can be achieved and maintained under established conditions Social systems (Conklin
2013: 132). Crime happens when people feel that there is crime. You have exhausted
and given up all possibilities of achieving your goal. Access to legal options to alleviate
relative deprivation. Relative deprivation increases as expectations increase or available
resources become available. reduce. the belief that others get more than they deserve
Their efforts can create a sense of inequality. motivate people. Law for private gain
(Conklin 2013: 132; Wilson & Herrnstein 1985: 56).

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QUESTION 2

In your own words, give a brief outline and comparison of the following policing
approaches In South Africa :

Colonial Policing

Colonial policing worked before 1994 the control mechanisms imposed on the
indigenous population of the country law and order. Political tension between blacks
and whites calls for police action Because the police primarily represented "white"
interests. "Government" policemen were seen as oppressors.

Public order policing

Law enforcement is under pressure as public protests erupt. It's getting stronger and
stronger. SAPS National in SAPS Annual Report 2014/15 Commissioner Ria Fiega said
the public order police It was successfully stabilized with a total of 14,740 people
participating. this It covered 12,451 peaceful events such as rallies, rallies and
conferences. 2,289 incidents of unrest including labour disputes in the mining industry

transport and education sector and community complaints. (annual SAPS 2015 report)

Civil unrest related to the causes of student protests (#FeesMustFall), service delivery
and more Supply issues and political intolerance plague the police community.

situation. Police violence often escalates during these incidents. high level of conflict.
The changing dynamics of protest in peaceful protest Very violent when attacking loved
ones and police property Vandalism, theft, burns. these conditions are reinforced

We understand that the police is a force, not a service. police parade Cynicism and
alienation become the norm. Uncertainty between results.

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Community policing

community police. Community policing is adopted as in South Africa. Official police

style. Collaborative policing/community crime prevention and mission: Visible policing.
this department is responsible for Monitoring the implementation of the Law on Family
Violence. He is also an advocate for victims of violence against women, children and
the elderly. their work In the context of community policing in service optimization. More
Critical functions are performed by community centres, victim support centres and
police emergency services such as 10111. Center and Emergency Services. The
department is also responsible For the safety of railway supervisors and train
passengers. all together We want to help create a safe environment.

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PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

1. I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, works

or inventions of another as if they were one’s own. I know that plagiarism

not only includes verbatim copying, but also the extensive use of another

person’s ideas without proper acknowledgement (which includes the

proper use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism covers this sort of

use of material found in textual sources and from the Internet.

2. I acknowledge and understand that plagiarism is wrong.

3. I understand that my research must be accurately referenced. I have

followed the rules and conventions concerning referencing, citation and the

use of quotations as set out in the Departmental Guide.

4. This assignment is my own work, or my group’s own unique group

assignment. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, or part

of it, is wrong, and that submitting identical work to others constitutes a

form of plagiarism.

5. I have not allowed, nor will I in the future allow, anyone to copy my work

with the intention of passing it off as their own work.

Name:…..Mathembi Gumede ……..Student #...........58474323........................

Signed ……………………………………………. Date 14-08-2023

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Bibliography

CMY2602 /1/2020-2022

https://www.discoverpolicing.org/explore-the-field/what-is-community-
policing/#:~:text=Community%20policing%20encourages%20interactive%20partnership
s,to%20solve%20public%20safety%20problems.

https://www.studocu.com/en-za/document/university-of-venda/policing-studies/policing-
in-south-africa-is-decolonisation-the-answer-to-democratic-policing/18490301

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09750878211048169