CONFIDENTIAL CEEM/JULY 2023/ELE291/MINI PROJECT

MINI PROJECT
(PANEL) COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN JOHOR
KAMPUS PASIR
GUDANG
COURSE NAME: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING COURSE CODE: ELE291
PROGRAMME CODE: CEEM110 TAXONOMY: P5 CO – PO ETAC CO2 – PO5
EXPERIMENT: MINI PROJECT EXPERIMENT DATE: 30 OCTOBER 2023

LECTURER’S NAME: TS SHAKIRA AZEEHAN ALI SUBMISSION DATE: 18 JANUARY 2024

STUDENT’S GROUP ID NUMBER

NAME
1 NURUL FATIHAH BINTI MUHAMAD MIFTAHUDDIN J4CEEM1104A 2021624136
2 AMY MALISSA BT MOHD SAM J4CEEM1104A 2021209288
3 MUHAMMAD THAQIF WA’IE BIN NOOR LATIF J4CEEM1104A 2022922323
4 ISKANDAR ZULKARNAIN BIN ZAMRI J4CEEM1104A 2021206984

LECTURER’S COMMENT (if any):

□
CONFIDENTIAL CEEM/JULY 2023/ELE291/MINI PROJECT

CLO2 Construct an engineering application using electrical machines and electronic components. (P5)

PO5 (ETAC) Apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools to well-defined engineering problems, with an
awareness of the limitations.
LO2 (MOHE) Practical Knowledge
WEAK FAIR GOOD
TASK SCORE WEIG MARK
HT S
0-1 2-3 4-5
Objectives of Objectives of Objectives of
the project are the project are the project are
Objectives and either not clearly stated. clearly stated
Methodology specified or x1
with proper
not well Incomplete design
defined. and improper specifications
specifications and
Incomplete and methodology
and improper methodology
design
specifications
and
methodology
Circuit is
Circuit is designed
No circuit designed but no completely
design and proper as per the
simulation specifications. specificatio x2
Circuit Design results. ns and
and Simulation objectives.
Has no idea to Simulation
use proper results are Simulation
simulation incomplete and were clearly
tools. has limited presented.
skills to use
Effective use
simulation
of simulation
tools.
tools.
Able to
perform Able to
Data analysis Not able to analysis with perform
and Discussion perform analysis minor missing analysis with x1
criteria and has proper
no proper justification
justification
TOTAL /20 /20 /20 /20
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA JOHOR PASIR
GUDANG CAMPUS

ELE 291
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MINI PROJECT REPORT

(MINI BREAKING ALARM)

J4CEEM1104A GROUP 3
CONTENTS

1.0 OBJECTIVES 1

2.0 INTRODUCTION 1

3.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTS 1

4.0 THE BLOCK DIAGRAM AND FLOWCHART 2

5.0 CIRCUIT DESIGN AND SIMULATION 3

6.0 RESULTS 7

7.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 8

8.0 CONCLUSION 8

REFERENCES 9
1.0 OBJECTIVES
• To figure the electrical engineering founded on problem.
• To alarm that detects destruction when lock have been secured.
• To discover one input and two outputs of the circuit.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
The secure security is a major worry these days, a tiny breaking alarm is a very helpful tool for
preventing theft from occurring in our homes, offices, and other spaces. It warns us when
infiltration and unwanted access are detected. Here, we use an LDR sensor to create a little breaking
warning circuit.
Applications focused on security and motion detection frequently employ LDR. Therefore, any
type of unauthorized access into a restricted region or zone, including trespassing, theft, incursion,
and burglary, might be detected by the system with effectiveness. This gadget detects motion when
an unfamiliar person approaches it and sounds an alarm to warn against unwanted movement or
entrance.

3.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1) The resistor able to detect in that range distance by movement or motion of mini breaking alarm
system by the heat of human releases
2) the function of LDR as sensor to detect the change in the light intensity when a person/object
passes
3) The uses buzzer as that make alarming to the subject.

4.0 THE BLOCK DIAGRAM AND FLOWCHART

5.0 CIRCUIT DESIGN AND SIMULATION

Video simulation link:

https://youtu.be/q5O52xPwSQQ

Figure 5.1 Circuit Design Diagram

Figure 5.2 LED

Figure 5.3 transistor

Figure 5.4 buzzer

 Figure 5.6 Resistor

Figure 5.7 Light dependent resistor

6.0 RESULTS

Figure 6.1 Circuit on when the light dependent resistor detects no light, the circuit is complete, and the
speaker and bulb is turned on.

Figure 6.2 Circuit off when the light dependent resistor detects light during daytime, the circuit is incomplete.
Henceswitching off the bulb and speaker.

7.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

The breaking alarm are containing transistor, buzzer, LDR (resistor), LED and battery. LDR as
Resistor is the light dependent resistor or Photoresistors are made of a semiconductor material that
exhibits photoconductivity, meaning its electrical conductivity changes when exposed to light.
When light falls on the LDR, the electrons in the semiconductor material absorb energy from the
photons and move to higher energy levels, increasing the number of charge carriers and thus
reducing the resistance of the LDR. Conversely, when the light intensity decreases, the number of
charge carriers decreases, and the resistance of the LDR increases. In breaking alarms, LDRs are
used to detect changes in light levels caused by an intruder in the range of distance of sensor
in Figure shown LDR is series with (R1). This can allow the voltage divider current that measure
LDR use microcontroller to measure voltage. Transistor 2N7000 connected with buzzer, and
parallel with LDR and 6.8 K resistor. Lastly, this circuit, an electrical run by switch that opens and
closed by received frequency of movement surroundings.

8.0 CONCLUSION

The mini breaking alarm system supply home protection and secure security. It is protecting
the user from outsider to break-in. It is can detect the movement the human by light intensity
whether it is night or brighter. It’s can surprise the intruder when break-in the house or any lock of
buildings.
REFERENCES

1. Reolink. Introduction to pir detection distance, Reolink Support - Official Reolink Help Center.
Available at: https://support.reolink.com/hc/en-us/articles/900000583003-What-is-PIR-Detection-
Distance/
2. Prasad, L. (2022, February 28). ElectronicsHub. Retrieved from What is Relay? How it Works?
Types, Applications, Testing: https://www.electronicshub.org/what-is-relay-and- how-it-work
3. PIR motion sensor - adafruit industries. Available at: https://cdn-
learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor.pdf
4. Unit IV special semiconductor devices (typed notes) - rcet.org.in. Available at:
https://rcet.org.in/uploads/academics/rohini_73227582967.pdf