NSCP 2015

Design Provision

PREPARED BY:
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Compressive Strength

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Modulus of Elasticity

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Concrete Cover

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Concrete Cover

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Strength Reduction Factors for Structural Concrete
Members and Connections

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Strength Reduction Factors for Moment, Axial Force or
Combined Moment and Axial Force

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Load Combinations

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Design Assumption for Concrete

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Design of Doubly
Reinforced Beam

PREPARED BY:
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Unloaded Simply Supported Beam

Loaded Simply Supported Beam

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Where:
h= total depth of beam
d = effective depth of beam
a = depth of compression area of the beam
c = h/2 or neutral axis of the beam
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Where:
Mu1 = the couple due to compression concrete and the part of the tension steel As1
Mu2 = the couple due to compression steel A’s and the other part of the tension steel As2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠

f’c, MPA β𝟏 Equating the two forces for Taking Moment @Neutral Axis:
17 ≤ f’c ≤ 0.85 (a) equilibrium (Ultimate Moment Capacity)
28 𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑢1 + 𝑀𝑢2
28 ≤ f’c ≤ 0.05(f’c−28) (b) 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2 𝑀1 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.85 − 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑎
55 7 ; 𝑀𝑢1 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑑 − 2
f’c ≥ 55 0.65 (c)
; 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝐶𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠

Balanced Condition: Maximum Condition

∅ = 0.65 800 − 𝑓𝑦
600𝑑 ∅ = 0.65 + 0.25
𝑐𝑏 = 600+𝑓 1000 − 𝑓𝑦
𝑦
3𝑑
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
7
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Simplified Key Steps: Determining required 𝐴𝑠 and 𝐴′𝑠 with known 𝑀𝑢
1.) Check value for 𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑑 −
2
3𝑑
; 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
7
; 𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
800−𝑓𝑦
; ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.65 + 0.25
1000−𝑓𝑦

2.) Check is Singly or Doubly Reinforced Beam:

if ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 design as Singly Reinforced
if ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝑀𝑢 design as Doubly Reinforced
3.) For 𝑀𝑢1 ; 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑢1 + 𝑀𝑢2
𝑀𝑢1 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥
; 𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
; 0.85f ′ c ab = As1 fs
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Simplified Key Steps: Determining 𝐴𝑠 and 𝐴′𝑠 with known 𝑀𝑢
4.) For 𝑀𝑢2
𝑑−𝑐
check 𝑓𝑠 = 600
𝑐
if 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 𝑓𝑦 tension steel yields, 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
if 𝑓𝑠 < tension steel does not yields, 𝑓𝑠 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
𝑐−𝑑′
check 𝑓′𝑠 = 600
𝑐
if 𝑓′𝑠 ≥ 𝑓𝑦 compression steel yields, 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
if 𝑓′𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 compression steel does not yields, 𝑓′𝑠 ≠ 𝑓𝑦
; 𝑀𝑢2 = ∅𝐶𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑′ or 𝑀𝑢2 = ∅𝑇2 𝑑 − 𝑑′
; 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2
5.) Steel Area
Tension Steel Area:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
Compression Steel Area:
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2
𝐴′𝑠 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑠 ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Simplified Key Steps: If ∅𝑀𝑛 is required with known 𝐴𝑠 and 𝐴′𝑠
1.) Assume any of the 3 possible case
2.) Check assumption
𝑑−𝑐
check 𝑓𝑠 = 600
𝑐
if 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 𝑓𝑦 tension steel yields, 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
if 𝑓𝑠 < tension steel does not yields, 𝑓𝑠 ≠ 𝑓𝑦 (Use 𝑓𝑠 by formula)
𝑐−𝑑′
check 𝑓′𝑠 = 600 𝑐
if 𝑓′𝑠 ≥ 𝑓𝑦 compression steel yields, 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
if 𝑓′𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 compression steel doesn′t yields, 𝑓′𝑠 ≠ 𝑓𝑦 (Use 𝑓′𝑠 by formula)
3.) Check region
if 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 1000𝑀𝑃𝑎 or tension yield ; tension controlled, ∅ = 0.90
𝑓𝑠 −𝑓𝑦
if 𝑓𝑠 < 1000𝑀𝑃𝑎 or tension yield ; tension region, ∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 1000−𝑓𝑦
if tension does not yield ; compression region, ∅ = 0.65
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
EXAMPLES

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 1:
A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an overall depth
of 600mm. The beam is reinforced with 4-25mm diameter compression bars.
The centroid of tension and compression bars are 70mm from the extreme
concrete fiber. Assume fy=415MPa and f’c=21MPa. Determine the following
using NSCP 2015 provisions:
a. The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced
moment.
b. The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum
moment.

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 1:
a. The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

Eff. Depth, d = 600 − 70 = 530𝑚𝑚

Balanced Condition:
600𝑑 600(530)
𝑐𝑏 = 600+𝑓 = 600+415 = 313.300𝑚𝑚
𝑦
𝑎𝑏 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 = 0.85 313.30 = 266.305𝑚𝑚

𝑑−𝑐 530−313.30
check 𝑓𝑠 = 600 𝑐 = 600 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎
313.30
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑐−𝑑′ 313.30−70
check 𝑓′𝑠 = 600 𝑐 = 600 313.30 = 465.943 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓′𝑠 > 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

Therefore 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Situation 1:
a. The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

𝑀𝑢1 :
; 𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
0.85f ′ c ab = As1 fs
As1 = 0.85(21)(266.305)(300)/415
As1 = 3,436.297𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 1:
a. The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

𝑀𝑢2 :
; 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2
A′s f′s = As2 fs
0.25𝜋 25 2 (4)(415) = As2 (415)
As2 = 1,963.495 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

 Situation 1:
a. The balanced tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate balanced
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa
𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎: 𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: ∅ = 0.65
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 ∅𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 0.65(940.761 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
𝐴𝑠 = 3,436.297 + 1,963.495 ∅𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 611.495 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 5,399.792 𝑚𝑚2

𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑑 − + 𝐶𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
2
𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏) 𝑑 − +(A′ s f ′ s ) 𝑑 − 𝑑′
2
266.305
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = (0.85)(21)(266.305)(300) 530 −
2
+ (0.25𝜋) 25 2 (4)(415) 530 − 70
𝑀𝑛𝑏 = 940.761 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Situation 1:
b. The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

Eff. Depth, d = 600 − 70 = 530𝑚𝑚

Maximum Condition:
3𝑑 3(530)
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7 = 7 = 227.143𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85 227.143 = 193.072𝑚𝑚

𝑑−𝑐 530−227.143
check 𝑓𝑠 = 600 𝑐 = 600 = 800 𝑀𝑃𝑎
227.143
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑐−𝑑′ 227.143−70
check 𝑓′𝑠 = 600 = 600 = 415.09 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑐 227.143
𝑓𝑠 > 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

Therefore 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Situation 1:
b. The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

𝑀𝑢1 :
; 𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
0.85f ′ c ab = As1 f𝑠
As1 = 0.85(21)(193.072)(300)/415
As1 = 2,491.327 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 1:
b. The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa

𝑀𝑢2 :
; 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2
A′s f′s = As2 fs
0.25𝜋 25 2 (4)(415) = As2 (415)
As2 = 1,963.495 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 1:
b. The maximum tension steel area and the nominal and ultimate maximum
moment.
Given: dcom.bars =4-25mm ; centroid=70mm ; fy=415MPa ; f’c=21MPa
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎: 𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.65 + 0.25
800−𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 = 2,491.327 + 1,963.495 1000−𝑓𝑦
800−415
𝐴𝑠 = 4,454.822 𝑚𝑚2 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.65 + 0.25
1000−415
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.815
𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.815(822.990 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚)
𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑑 − + 𝐶𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 670.737 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
𝑎
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏) 𝑑 − +(A′ s f ′ s ) 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
2
193.072
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.85)(21)(193.072)(300) 530 −
2
+ (0.25𝜋) 25 2 (4)(415) 530 − 70
𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 822.990 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Situation 2:
A 300mm wide rectangular beam has an effective depth, d=490mm.
Concrete compressive strength f’c=27.6 Mpa and steel yield strength fy=276
Mpa. Compression steel if required shall have its centroid 60mm from extreme
concrete fiber. Calculate the required tension steel area if the factored
moment, Mu=600 kN.m. Use NSCP 2015

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=70mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

Check if ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝑀𝑢 design as Doubly Reinforced

Solve for ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 :
3𝑑 3(490)
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7 = 7 = 210𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛽1 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85 210 = 178.5𝑚𝑚
800−𝑓𝑦
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.65 + 0.251000−𝑓𝑦
800−276
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.65 + 0.25 1000−276 = 0.831
𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑐 𝑑 −
2
𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏) 𝑑 − 2
178.5
∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.831)(0.85)(27.6)(178.5)(300) 490 − 2
∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 418.371 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Therefore, Doubly Reinforced Beam

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=60mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=70mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑢1 + 𝑀𝑢2
; 𝑀𝑢1 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢2 = ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 418.371 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
; 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢1 = 600 − 418.371 = 181.629 kN. m
𝑑−𝑐 490−210
check 𝑓𝑠 = 600 = 600 = 800 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑐 210
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑐−𝑑′ 210−60
check 𝑓′𝑠 = 600 = 600 = 428.571 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑐 210
𝑓𝑠 > 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
Therefore 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=70mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

𝑀𝑢1 :
; 𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
0.85f ′ c ab = As1 fy
As1 = 0.85(27.6)(178.5)(300)/276
As1 = 4,551.75 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=70mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

𝑀𝑢2 :
;𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇2
A′s f′s = As2 fs
A′s (276) = As2 (276)
A′s = As2

; ∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
∅𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∅A′s f′s 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
181.629 = (0.831)A′ 2s (276) 490 − 60
A′ s2 = 1,841.648 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 2:
Given: Mu=600kN.m ; centroid=70mm ; fy=276MPa ; f’c=27.6MPa

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎:

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
𝐴𝑠 = 4,551.75 + 1,841.648
𝐴𝑠 = 6,393.398 𝑚𝑚2

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎:

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2
𝐴𝑠 = 1,841.648 𝑚𝑚2

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Situation 3:
Calculate the design flexural strength of the T-beam as shown. Concrete
strength f’c = 21 MPa, steel yield fy = 415 MPa. If the beam is reinforced with
As = 8 -28mm and A’s = 2-25mm. Use NSCP 2015.

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Plates:
1. A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an overall depth of
560mm. The beam is reinforced with 4-25mm diameter compression bars. The
centroid of tension and compression bars are 70mm from the extreme concrete
fiber. Assume 𝑓𝑦 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓′𝑐 = 29𝑀𝑃𝑎. Determine the maximum tension
steel area. Use NSCP 2015.
2. A 300mm wide rectangular beam has an effective depth, 𝑑 = 490𝑚𝑚. The beam
will be designed to carry a service load of 200kN.m and a live load of 210kN.m.
Compression reinforcement if necessary will have its centroid 70mm from the
extreme concrete fiber. Determine the required steel area. Use 𝑓𝑦 = 415𝑀𝑃𝑎 and
𝑓′𝑐 = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎. Use NSCP 2015 (Clue: 𝑀𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿)
3. A rectangular beam has the following properties: width 𝑏 = 350𝑚𝑚, effective
depth 𝑑 =600mm, tension bars 𝐴𝑠 =7-28mm dia., compression bars 𝐴′𝑠 =2-28mm
dia., 𝑑′ = 60𝑚𝑚. Determine the design strength of the beam. Use 𝑓𝑦 = 345𝑀𝑃𝑎
and 𝑓′𝑐 = 21𝑀𝑃𝑎. Use NSCP 2015.
ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN
Plates:
4. Calculate the design flexural strength of the T-beam as shown. Concrete strength
f’c = 21MPa, steel strength fy = 415MPa. If the beam is reinforced with As = 6-28mm
and A’s = 2-28mm. Use NSCP 2015.

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN

Plates:
5. Calculate the design flexural strength of the T-beam as shown. Concrete strength
f’c = 21MPa, steel strength fy = 415MPa. If the beam is reinforced with As = 6-28mm
and A’s = 2-25mm. Use NSCP 2015.

ENGR. M.P. ABACAHIN