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Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future

Solar Power Assisted Revolutionary Kinetic
Electric Vehicle

Class : 7 N
Group Members

Anant Jain
Shaurya Kumar Chauhan
Sarthak Rawat
 ABSTRACT

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the alarming rise in

greenhouse gas emissions have necessitated the exploration of
alternative energy sources for transportation. Solar energy, as a
clean and renewable resource, presents a promising solution to
address these challenges. This abstract highlights the key aspects
of our project, which focuses on designing and developing a
Hybrid Solar Car.

Our project aims to harness the power of the sun to give extra
power to the battery of the car reducing the dependence on
traditional fossil fuel-based engines. The suggestion is to use
Solar Photovoltaic cells to keep charging Li-ion batteries to
enhance the efficiency of car range per electric charge

Due to all these factors, we can attain our goal to greener future
of our planet shifting from hazardous, combustible, pollutant
fossil fuels to renewable energy resources. For a greener future
of our Earth we have to rely upon resource which can sustain or
they shall not exhaust it means rather they should be present for
us in abundance like sunlight and air, or they should be
renewable like water.

This work intends to design and construct a solar-assisted

electric car that is suited for Indian driving scenario, particularly
in metropolitan locations, and then undertake research.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 3
 A C K N O W L E DG E M E N T

We would like to thank our teacher Ms. Anju Sharma who

gave us this opportunity to work on this project. We got to
learn a lot from this project about a new renewable energy
source which is our sun and its positive impact on our
environment . We would also like to thank our school
principal Mrs. Renu.

At last, we would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to our

parents because without their help this project would not
have been successful. Finally, we would like to thank our
group who have been working as a team all the time.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 4
 TABLE
OF
CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 6

HYPOTHESIS 7

RESEARCH 8
• INTRODUCTION 9
• SOLAR ENERGY INTEGRATION 11
• POWER ESTIMATION 13
• PROTOTYPE 1 14
• PROTOTYPE 2 15

ENIVRONMENTAL IMPACT 16

ECONOMIC IMPACT 17

CONCLUSION 18
 S TAT E M E N T O F P U R P OS E
Pioneering a Sustainable Revolution
Unveiling the Future of Transportation with our
“Hybrid Battery Powered Solar Car"

This project report aims to document the

design and development of our Hybrid Battery
Powered Solar Car. Our objective is to
revolutionize transportation by creating an
innovative and sustainable solution that
offers superior performance and efficiency
while reducing carbon emissions. The report
details the development stages, design
considerations, technological advancements,
and environmental impact. Our goal is to
promote sustainable energy solutions and
inspire a greener future for transportation.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 6
 H Y P O T HE S I S
By adding solar panels to an electric vehicle, our group believes that we can
make the car more efficient and increase its driving range. The solar panels will
capture energy from the sun and use it to charge the car's battery, even when
it's parked outside. This will help reduce the car's reliance on traditional
electricity and make it more eco-friendly.

Explanation: If we install solar panels on the roof and front bonnet of an

electric vehicle, it will improve the car's performance. The solar panels will
collect sunlight and convert it into energy, which can be used to charge the
car's battery. This means that the car can go further without needing to be
plugged into an electrical outlet. Additionally, when the car is parked outside,
the solar panels will continue to generate power, keeping the battery charged
and reducing the need to use electricity from the grid. This will help protect
the environment by reducing our dependence on non-renewable energy
sources.

To test this hypothesis, our group plans to compare the driving range of an
electric vehicle with solar panels to a regular electric vehicle. We will also
measure how much the solar panels contribute to charging the car's battery
when it's parked outside. By analysing the results, we will be able to determine
if adding solar panels to an electric vehicle is a practical and effective way to
improve its efficiency and reduce its environmental impact.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 7
I N T R O D U C T I ON

With the urgent need

to combat climate
change and reduce
dependence on fossil
fuels, the transportation
sector has emerged as a
critical area for
sustainable innovation.
As the world seeks cleaner alternatives to traditional internal
combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, the integration of solar energy and
battery technology in hybrid cars holds immense potential to
revolutionize the automotive industry.

These hybrid cars combine the benefits of solar photovoltaic (PV)

panels and advanced battery systems, offering an environmentally
friendly and economically viable solution to the challenges of
conventional vehicles. By harnessing the power of the sun, these
vehicles can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, mitigate greenhouse gas
emissions, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

This research aims to delve into the emerging field of solar battery-
powered hybrid cars, investigating their technological advancements,
environmental impact, and potential market viability. By examining
the latest developments in solar PV and battery technologies, this
study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential
of solar battery-powered hybrid cars and their role in sustainable
transportation.

These hybrid cars combine the benefits of solar photovoltaic (PV)

panels and advanced battery systems, offering an environmentally
friendly and economically viable solution to the challenges of
conventional vehicles. By harnessing the power of the sun, these
vehicles can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, mitigate greenhouse gas
emissions, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 9
 This research aims to delve into the emerging field of solar battery-
powered hybrid cars, investigating their technological advancements,
environmental impact, and potential market viability. By examining
the latest developments in solar PV and battery technologies, this
study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential
of solar battery-powered hybrid cars and their role in sustainable
transportation.

The integration of solar panels in hybrid vehicles presents numerous

advantages.

1. Solar energy is a renewable and abundant resource, with the

potential to generate electricity without depleting natural
resources or emitting harmful pollutants.
2. Solar panels integrated into cars offer the opportunity for
decentralized energy generation, allowing vehicles to generate
their own power and reduce the strain on the electric grid.
3. Solar energy can be utilized to charge the vehicle's battery,
extending its electric driving range and reducing the dependence
on traditional charging infrastructure.
4. Solar panel integrated cars can eradicate the running costs for the
daily commuters to the office, as such vehicles are parked under
Sun for most of their day.

Our research is divided into 5 sections as mentioned below:

1. Solar Energy Integration

2. Performance Evaluation
3. Environmental Impact
4. About Our Project
5. Conclusion

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 10
 Solar Energy Integration
• Electric vehicles, which we know run on batteries, get their power
from a special battery pack installed inside them. These batteries
store energy that comes from the electric grid. But here's the
catch: once the battery runs out of power, the vehicle needs to be
connected to a cable for a long time to recharge. This means the
vehicle can't move around freely.
• To overcome this problem, we have come up with an exciting
idea! We want to give the vehicle the ability to get power and
recharge its battery while it's on the go, without needing to be
connected to a wall with cables. How are we planning to do this?
By using something called Photovoltaic cells. These special cells
can be installed on the roof, front part, and rear of the vehicle.
They can generate power from the sun and continuously recharge
the batteries. This means the vehicle can keep moving and have
an unlimited supply of free energy. Isn't that amazing? With this
innovation, our vehicle will always be ready to hit the road and go
on exciting adventures!

A concept model with

integrated Solar Panel on the Vehicle

• The use of solar panels allows vehicles to tap into a sustainable

and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and
minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the continuous
generation of solar energy while driving extends the vehicle's
range and reduces the need for frequent stops to charge. This
newfound freedom ensures that the vehicle can roam freely,
unburdened by the limitations of traditional charging methods.
Our innovative solution empowers electric vehicles with a reliable
and inexhaustible source of clean energy, paving the way for a
greener and more sustainable future.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 11
 Plug-in Charger

MPPT Charge
Controller

Auxiliary Device
Solar Panel

Motor Controller

Generalized Schematic of a Solar

Power Assisted Electric Vehicle Motor

MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking, a technique to

regulate the charge of your battery bank. The function of an MPPT
charge controller is to regulate the battery charging process and ensure
the battery is charged correctly, or more importantly, not over-charged.
EVs powered by renewable energy will minimise urban air pollution,
point source pollution caused by non-renewable energy-based power
plants, and overall reliance on fossil fuels. Solar power-assisted electric
vehicles may use solar energy to generate electricity, lowering the
requirement for non-renewable fuel-based power plants. In theory,
solar-assisted electric vehicles might combine the benefits of both
electric and solar vehicles by incorporating photovoltaic panels into an
electric vehicle. As a result, solar-powered electric cars provide a
potential answer to both energy conservation and environmental
concerns.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 12
Power Estimation From The Solar Panel

The photo voltaic or solar cells are electronic devices that convert sunlight
directly into electricity. To achieve required voltage and current the solar cells
are connected in either parallel or series. This setup is called as solar array or
solar module.
At clear sky solar irradiation in India 800 watts/m2 conversion efficiency of
our solar module is 18%.
• Average irradiation is 800 watts/m2
• Conversion efficiency of mono crystalline solar panel is 18%
• Power output per m2 is 144 watts.

Area Availability For Panel Fixing On The Car

Sample Bonnet Roof Boot Total Area

Toyota Camry 2.2 m2 2.6 m2 1.2 m2 6 m2

Estimation Of Power Generation

 Area available is 6 m2
 Power output per m2 = Average Irradiation(W/m2) × conversion efficiency of panel
 P = 800 × 18 %
 P = 144 W
 Power = Area × Watts/m2
 P = 6 × 144
 P = 864 Watts/m2
 Power generation /day commonly 8 hours per day is taken = 864 × 8
 P = 6.91 KW/day
Average power consumption/km distance travelling is 150 watts, So
additional distance that this car can travel is 6910 ÷ 150 = 46.1 kms

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 13
Prototype 1
ABOUT THE CAR
This is our first prototype. Its base is made up of cardboard. The wheels are
made up of rubber and are attached at the front and the back of the base. At
the back of the base there is a DC motor attached and connected to the
wheels. At the top of the base there are two solar panels directly connected
to the DC motor.

Cardboard Base Solar Panel

DC Motor

Rubber Wheels

HOW IT WORKS
The solar panels attached at the top of the base are directly connected
to the DC motor and they directly supply solar energy to the motor
which the motor converts into mechanical energy. The motor rotates
the wheels and the car moves forward

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 14
Prototype 2

HOW WE MADE IT
1. For the base of the car, we took cardboard and pasted it according to
the design.
2. Then, we attached plastic wheels on the front and back of the
cardboard base.
3. Next, we attached a DC motor underneath the base and connected it to
the back wheels.
4. Then we attached a solar panel on top of the base.
5. Finally, we attached an 1800 MAH Lithium-Ion Battery and connected it
to the solar panel and the DC motor.

Lithium Ion Solar Panel

Battery
Cardboard Base

Plastic Wheels

DC Motor

HOW IT WORKS
DC motor runs on battery energy.
 The car battery can be charged through solar panel or the normal
electric charger.
 Then, the DC motor converts the direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
 And the wheels start rotating and the car moves forward.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 15
 EVs powered by renewable energy will minimise urban air pollution,
point source pollution caused by non-renewable energy-based power
plants, and overall reliance on fossil fuels. Solar power-assisted electric
vehicles may use solar energy to generate electricity, lowering the
requirement for non-renewable fuel-based power plants. In theory,
solar-assisted electric vehicles might combine the benefits of both
electric and solar vehicles by incorporating photovoltaic panels into an
electric vehicle. As a result, solar-powered electric cars provide a
potential answer to both energy conservation and environmental
concerns.

By generating zero emissions during operation, they combat air

pollution and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and
addressing the urgent need for cleaner transportation. Additionally,
these vehicles help reduce dependence on finite fossil fuel resources,
tackling the environmental and geopolitical challenges associated with
their extraction and use. With their ability to harness the sun’s energy,
solar panel cars offer a promising path way towards a greener and more
sustainable future for our planet.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 16
 Hybrid Battery - Powered solar cars have the potential to bring about
significant economic impacts. By utilizing solar energy to charge their
batteries, hybrid solar cars reduce the reliance on traditional fuel
sources, resulting in lower fuel expenses over time. Moreover, the use of
solar power can potentially decrease the frequency of battery
replacements, reducing maintenance costs for owners.
Additionally, the development and production of hybrid solar cars can
stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities. The
manufacturing of these vehicles requires specialized components and
technologies, leading to the establishment of new industries and the
demand for skilled labour.
Overall, the economic impact of hybrid battery-powered solar cars
encompasses cost savings for consumers, job creation, technological
advancement, and improved energy security, making them a promising
solution for a sustainable and thriving economy.

Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 17
 CONCLUSION

Over the next several years, rising oil price, growing social concerns
about climatic changes, and stringent rules concentrating on
fuel/energy efficiency/CO2 emissions have the potential to trigger
significant changes in the global car industry. Furthermore, the
combined consequences of rising personal car usage and the worsening
of urban air quality caused by fossil fuel-based transportation vehicles
have prompted a move toward alternate modes of transportation and
energy sources to power autos. For decades, electric powertrain has
been studied as a potential replacement or supplement to the internal
combustion engine. Electric vehicles (EVs) are the greenest alternative
due to their zero local and maybe small greenhouse gas emissions. EVs
generate no direct emissions, but the electricity they use comes from
power generators emits variety of pollutants making severe ecological
impacts. Nevertheless, due to poor performance, expensive costs, and
short ranges, electric cars have failed to capture a major market share.
EVs powered by renewable energy will minimise urban air pollution,
rather than the point source of pollution caused by coal and fossil fuel.

Vasudha 2022 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 18
 References

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"Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for
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2. E. Koutroulis, et al., "Development of a Microcontroller-
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3. A. Jiang et al., "Maximum Power Tracking for Photovoltaic
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Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 147-153, 2005.
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Vasudha 2023 Integrated Approach in Science & Technology for Sustainable Future 19
Remarks