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Đề Thi 20% Từ Vựng-Ngữ Nghĩa Số 1
Đề Thi 20% Từ Vựng-Ngữ Nghĩa Số 1
Class: 0721.FDNAV515A
A word is the fundamental unit of language; it can stand alone and express ideas, actions,
concepts, or qualities. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of language that can convey
meaning on its own and combine with other words to form complex expressions. Words have
unique structural, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical characteristics.
1. Meaning: Every word has a distinct meaning or concept that it represents, whether it be
things, behaviours, attributes, or connections.
2. Structure: Morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, comprise one or more words. For
instance, "book" is a single morpheme, whereas "books" consists of two morphemes
("book" and "s").
3. Independence: Words are independent units that can stand alone, unlike morphemes,
which sometimes need to be combined to convey meaning.
4. Stability: Although words can take on various forms (such as "run," "runs," "ran," and
"running"), they always have a similar form and structure that makes them easily
recognized as distinct forms of the same word.
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5. Function: Words have different grammatical functions in sentences. They can serve as
verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and more.
6. Combination: Words can be joined to form sentences, clauses, and phrases, which helps
with intricate communication and expression.
7. Phonology: Words consist of specific sequences of sounds (phonemes) that are
understood within the context of a particular language.
8. Morphology: The study of word forms and their constituents (roots, suffixes, and
prefixes) is categorized under this field. For instance, "unhappiness" is made up of the
suffix "-ness," the prefix "un-," and the root word "happy."
9. Syntax: The arrangement and relationships of words within a sentence are determined by
certain rules known as syntax. For instance, "The cat sat on the mat" follows the
syntactical rules of English.
10. Lexical Category: Verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns (like "dog," "run," and "happy")
are examples of the various lexical categories (parts of speech) that words fall under.
11. Orthography: The way words are written is determined by a standard spelling system.
Examples:
2. What is a morpheme? What are the differences between a word and a morpheme?
(The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure)
What is a morpheme?
A word is a complete unit of meaning that can stand alone, whereas a morpheme is the
complete idea, but morphemes can either stand alone (free morphemes) or require
between the two helps clarify how language is constructed and how meaning is
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conveyed.
Examples of Morphemes:
● Chair, dog, bird, table, computer: These are single morphemes because they cannot be
divided further and each represents a complete idea.
● Giraffe: This word consists of multiple syllables but is a single morpheme because it
represents one complete idea.
1. Meaning:
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning. It may or may not stand alone. For
instance, "un-" in "unhappy" is a morpheme that cannot stand alone, but "house" is a
single morpheme that can.
2. Structure:
Word: One or more morphemes can make up a word. For example, the word
"reconstruction" is made up of three morphemes: "construct," "re-," and "-ion."
Morpheme: A morpheme is a single unit of meaning and cannot be broken down further
into smaller, more meaningful parts.
3. Function:
Word: In sentences, words serve as separate entities that express entire ideas or
concepts. They can be divided into nouns, verbs, adjectives, and other parts of speech.
Morpheme: Although they might not work on their own, morphemes help words make
sense. They include roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
4. Standalone Ability:
Word: A word can typically stand alone as a meaningful unit. For example, "dog" is a
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word that conveys a complete concept by itself.
Morpheme: Some morphemes can stand alone (free morphemes), such as "dog," while
others cannot (bound morphemes), such as "un-" in "unhappy."
5. Complexity:
Morpheme: Morphemes are always simple units of meaning but can combine to form
complex words.
II. Exercises
Exercises on Prefixes
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4. How does a passenger aeroplane normally fly? On auto-pilot
6. What do "underground railway in the US" and "underground passage in the UK"
mean? Subway
3. Most people say they have to work too hard but are paid too little
4. He dated his cheque with a date that was late than the real date.
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IV. Use your knowledge of prefixes to write definitions of the underlined words
Although Jim is an ex-soldier, he's only semi-literate. When he tries to write a letter, he
misspells half the words and his wife has to rewrite it for him. His wife used to work in a
sub-department of the post office, where her main job was redirecting mail. Jim's very
pro-army but he over-emphasizes its good points. His wife, on the other hand, is rather
anti-army and she undervalues its positive aspects.
V. Which word is the odd one out of each set and why?
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2. insert, internal, inedible, income: => INEDIBLE
“Insert”, “internal”, and “income” all refer to something being inside or moving inward. In
contrast, inedible pertains to something that cannot be eaten. Therefore, inedible is the odd one
out.
"Unlock," "unfold," and "unzip" all involve removing a restriction or opening something. In
contract, "Uncomfortable" describes a state of discomfort, which is not an action of
removing a restriction.
4. extract, ex-wife, ex- communicative, exhale: => EX-WIFE
"Extract," "ex-communicative," and "exhale" all involve the prefix "ex-" meaning out or
away. However, "Ex-wife" refers to a former spouse and does not fit the pattern of actions or
states involving "ex-" meaning out or away.
"Kinship," "friendship," and "partnership" all end with the suffix "-ship" indicating a state or
condition of being. "Worship" ends in "-ship" but does not indicate a state or condition of
being related in the same sense as the others; it refers to the act of showing reverence and
adoration.
Chú ý:
+ Chế tài xử lý đối với bài phát hiện có sự sao chép ( VD: nếu phát hiện sao chép thì bài
làm của sinh viên sẽ không được công nhận và nhận điểm 0….)
+ Giảng viên có thể trao đổi, nhận xét góp ý cho bài làm của sinh viên trên diễn đàn
hoặc buổi Vclass (SV tham gia lớp Vclass đầy đủ để được giải đáp)