GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED PROJECT AT SANAND, AHMEDABAD

CLIENT
TATA MOTORS LIMITED, PUNE, MAHARASHTRA

REPORT NO.
GES /SR-VAD-80844, DATE: 03/10/2008
 INDEX

A. ABSTRACT

B. SITE CONDITION & NATURE OF INVESTIGATION

C. CONCLUSION & RECCOMENDATIONS

D. BORE LOGS

E. LABORATORY TESTS & SUMMARY TABLES

 ABSTRACT

We (Geo Engineering Services, Vadodara) have carried out the Geotechnical Investigation, which
covers the field sampling and tests, necessary laboratory tests and finally analyzing the sub soil
characteristics and behavior of the soil of the proposed site.

The objective of the geotechnical investigation was to explore the sub soil profile up to predetermined
depth and to work out the design capacity of the soil beneath at a required foundation depth for the
proposed type of foundation.

Following pages represents the conceptual investigation and analysis based on the geotechnical
investigation and study and presenting the same as a detailed report.

The detailed scope of work was as per the instruction of Engineer in-charge. A complete geotechnical
investigation work was undertaken to obtain the required subsurface information to study and define
the nature and behavior of soil, under the application of loads of proposed structures. Such
information was obtained through following steps:

• By making bore hole and collecting disturbed and undisturbed soil samples.
• Performing required in situ tests (SPT Test).
• Conducting laboratory tests to classify it and to determine the engineering properties of soil.

An analysis was made to derive the allowable bearing capacity, taking into considerations the
anticipated settlements and the present soil conditions with future possibilities. Based on such analysis
of the soil properties, the conclusions are made regarding the precautions and protective measures to
be taken, if found necessary.

This report has been prepared after a careful study of the field testing and laboratory test results. The
type and depth of foundation are suggested.
ABOUT THE SITE AND INVESTIGATIONS
1.0 LOCATION: - The site is located at village Chharodi, Sanand, Ahmedabad
2.0 FIELD WORK: - The site investigation work was started by the Third week of September ’08
& was completed within two days.
2.1 BORE HOLES: - Two nos. of boreholes were conducted by manual auger boring up to
15.0m depth. Boring was carried out in accordance with IS: 1892 and the undisturbed soil samples
were collected in thin walled tube as per IS: 2132 – 1986 were sealed packed and brought to our
laboratory at Vadodara for further investigation.
2.2 SAMPLING: - During the advancement of the boring Disturbed and Undisturbed samples
are collected at every 1.50m interval or at the change of strata whichever occurs earlier. Along
with the samplings, field Standard Penetration Tests is conducted to correlate the strata denseness
& stiffness. Detail procedures are explained in Annexure.
3.0 GROUND WATER TABLE: - Water table was not encountered during the sub soil exploration
work up to the depth of termination i.e. 15.0m.
4.0 SUB SOIL PROFILE: - The field data and laboratory classification reveal the sub soil
stratification as described below. Soil is not good for backfilling purpose Detail stratification is
mentioned in the borelog.
BH.
Stratum Description
No.
0.0m to 0.8m Black Cotton Soil
Brownish Stiff Clayey Soil with Little Fine
0.8m to 3.5m
Sand and Kankars
BH 01 3.5m to 5.0m Brownish Stiff Clay of High Plasticity
5.0m to 9.0m Reddish Yellow Silty Clay with Fine Sand
Yellowish Dense Silty Clay of Intermediate
9.0m to 15.0m
Plasticity
0.0m to 1.5m Black Cotton Soil
Brownish Clayey Stiff Soil with Sand &
1.5m to 4.5m
Kankars
BH 02
4.5m to 9.5m Yellowish Silty Clay with Fine Sand
Yellowish Dense Silty Clay of Low Plasticity
9.5m to 12.0m
with Fine Sand
5.0 LABORATORY TESTS: - Following laboratory tests were carried out to determine the
physical and engineering properties of undisturbed and disturbed soil samples. Detail procedures are
explained in Annexure.
(a) Field Dry Density & Field Moisture Content (e) Shear Parameters i.e. C – φ
(b) Atterberg's Limits (f) Consolidation characteristic
(c) Particle size distribution (g) Swelling Parameters
(d) Specific Gravity
6.0 DESIGN: - Intensity of bearable load determined as soil bearing capacity (SBC) and soil bearing
pressure (SBP) on soil. Calculations for both these are carried out considering shear parameters and
consolidation characteristics of the sub strata. The values of SBC & SBP are mentioned below:
6.1 SBC BASED ON SHEAR: - The ultimate net bearing capacity is evaluated after taking into
consideration of shape factor and depth factor of the foundation in accordance with I.S. 6403-
1981. The net bearing capacity worked out using the following equation.
Q = C Nc Sc dc + q (Nq -1) Sq dq + 0.5 B γ Nr Sr dr
Where,C = Cohesion
q = Overburden Pressure
γ = Density
Β = Width of the Footing
Nc,Nq,Nr = Bearing capacity Factor
Sc,Sq,Sr = Shape Factor
dc,dq,dr = Depth Factor

6.2 SAFE BEARING PRESSURE: - (IS: 8009 Part I) The Settlement calculation involves
many simplifying assumptions
6.2.1 Settlement may be the result of one or combinations of the following causes:
a) Static Loading
b) Deterioration of Foundation;
c) Mining Subsidence; and
d) Shrinkage of soil, vibration, subsidence due to underground erosion and other causes.

6.2.2 Catastrophic settlement may occur, if the static load is excessive. When the load is
not excessive, the resulting settlement may consist of the following components:
 a) Elastic Deformation or immediate settlement of foundation soil;
b) Primary consolidation of foundation soil resulting from the expulsion of pore water,
c) Secondary Compression of foundation soil; and
d) Creep of the foundation soil.
The total settlement is computed as summation of immediate and secondary settlement.
St = Si + Sc
Where, Si is Immediate Settlement
Si = p B (1 - µ2) I
E
p = Foundation Pressure, kg/cm2
B = Width of Footing, m
µ = Poisson’s Ratio
I = Influence Factor
E = Modulus of Elasticity, kg/cm2
Sc is Secondary Settlement
Sc = Ht Cc Log10 (po + δp)
(1+eo) po
Ht = Thickness of Soil Layer, m
Cc = Compression Index
eo = Initial Void Ratio
po = Initial Effective Pressure
δp = Increase in effective pressure
7.0 Conclusions & Recommendations: - Looking to the types of proposed structure and the soil strata
encountered, following conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given accordingly.
7.1 Sub soil being very stiff cohesive soil, sand pad of 150mm thick shall be laid below footings.
7.2 If possible, for higher stability, footing width shall be restricted up to 2.0m.
7.3 For higher footing sizes, if higher bearing capacity can be improved by soil stabilization to
restrict the settlement
TABLE OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
Size Depth Safe Bearing Safe Bearing
Type
in Mt. in Mt. Capacity, T/m2 Pressure, T/m2
2.0m x 2.0m 21.84 18.79
R.C.C. 2.0m
Isolated 3.0m x 3.0m below 21.21 12.34
Footing EGL
4.0m x 4.0m 20.83 12.11

NOTE: -
1. The ground water table was not encountered and hence is not considered in the analysis.
2. Factor of Safety considered is 2.5.
3. Permissible settlement of 50mm and 60mm is considered for the footing sizes up to 3.0m and
above respectively for design of bearing pressure.
4. The foundation shall in no mean rest on Filled up Soil or Black Cotton Soil.
5. If in the course of excavation, if sub soil strata differs from the borelog strata the same shall be
reported for necessary steps.
6. For Intermediate footing size the value of SBC shall be interpolated. No Extrapolation is allowed.
7. Least of SBP and SBC shall be considered as the allowable bearing capacity in the design.

For GEO ENGINEERING SERVICES

Authorised Signatory
 ANNEXURE
1.0 SAMPLING:
1.1 Disturbed soil samples: - Disturbed samples were collected during the boring and also from
the split spoon sampler. The samples recovered were logged, labeled and placed in polythene bags
and sent to laboratory for testing. The samples collected at every 1.50m depth.
1.2 Undisturbed soil samples: - Undisturbed soil samples were collected in 75mm diameter
Shelby tubes at every 1.50 m depth at the site location. The sampler used for the sampling had
smooth surface and appropriate area ration and cutting edge angle thereby minimizing disturbance
of soil during sampling. The samples were sealed with wax, labeled and transported to our
laboratory at Vadodara for testing. Sampler was coupled together with a sampler head to form a
sampling assembly. The sampler head provide a non-flexible connection between the sampling
tube and the drill rods. Vent holes are provided in the sampler head to allow escape of water from
the top of sampler tube during penetration. Coating of oil is applied on both sides to obtain the
undisturbed samples in best possible manner. The sampler was then lowered inside the borehole on
a string of drill rods and was driven to pre-determined level. On completion of driving the sampler
was first rotated within the borehole to shear the soil sample at bottom and then pulled out. The
disturbed material in the upper end of the tube, if any, is completely removed before applying wax
for sealing. The soil at the lower end of the tube is trimmed to about 10 to 15 mm. After trimming,
both ends are sealed with wax applied in such a way that will prevent the soil from giving up from
its sample. The polythene bags cover both the ends. The identification mark was then made on
each sample.
1.3 Standard Penetration Tests: - SPT is conducted in accordance with IS: 2131-1981 in bores
holes at every change of strata or at an interval of 1.50m depth in uniform strata. The test gives N-
value; the blow counts of last 30cm of penetration of the split spoon sampler with 65kg. Hammer
falling freely from 75cm height. The rods to which the sampler is attached for driving are straight,
tightly coupled and straight in alignment. There after the split spoon sampler is further driven by
30cm. The number blows required to drive each 15cm penetration is recorded. The first 15cm
penetration is termed as a seating value. The last 30cm penetration termed as ‘N’ Value.
Respective tables and bore logs in the report shows the detail of N value.
2.0 LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES:
2.1 Field Dry Density & Field Moisture Content: Field dry density and Field moisture content
were carried out in accordance with I.S. 2720 (Part-2 – 1983). The field density is found out by
following equation. The value of F.D.D. & F.M.C. is shown in summary table.
Field Density (bulk) = Weight of soil mass / Volume of soil mass
And Field Dry Density = Bulk Density/ (1 + w), Where w is field moisture content.
2.2 Atterberg’s Limit: - Liquid limit and Plastic limits are carried out for the determination of
different characteristic of soil. The tests performed in accordance with I.S.2720 P-5-1985 by using
con penetrometer. Liquid limit and plastic limit of soils are both depend up on the amount and type
of clay in a soil and form the basis for the soil classification system for cohesive soils based on the
Plasticity index. The liquid limit of the soil with corresponds to the moisture content of a paste
which would give 16mm to 25mm penetration of the cone is determined by using following
formula.
WL = Wx / (0.65+0.0175*X).
Where, X = Penetration of cone in the sample
Wx = Moisture Content of the soil sample at the respective penetration
For Plastic Limit, a soil sample weighing at least 20 gm of the soil sample passing 425 micron IS
sieve is thoroughly mixed with water such that it can be easily molded with fingers. A ball is
formed with about 8 to 10 gm of this soil and is rolled between the fingers and the glass plate with
just sufficient pressure to roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter of 3mm throughout its
length. The soil is kneaded to a uniform mass and rolled again. The process is continued until the
thread crumbles. The pieces of crumbled soil thread are collected for moisture content
determination and reported as plastic limit. Values of LL, PL & PI are shown in summary 1.
2.3 Particle Size Distribution (IS: 2720 Part IV): -The sieve analysis is carried out in
accordance with IS. The results are shown in the summary-1.
2.4 Specific Gravity (IS: 2720 Part 3): - In order to determine specific gravity of soil particles
these tests were conducted on Selected samples in 50ml volumetric density bottle using procedure
described in IS. The value of Specific Gravity is shown in summary –2.
2.5 Triaxial Shear Test: Triaxial shear (Quick) tests are conducted to determine the shear
parameters of clayey samples. The shear tests are carried out in accordance with IS: 2720 (part X,
XI, XII & XIII). For unconsolidated undrained (Quick) triaxial compression test, the specimen
having dia 38mm and height to diameter ration of 2 is prepared and placed on the pedestal of the
triaxial cell after enclosing it in rubber membrane. The cell is then assembled with the loading ram
and then placed in the loading machine. The fluid is admitted to the cell and the pressure is raised
to the desired value. Initial reading of the gauge measuring the axial compression of the specimen
is recorded. The test is then commenced and sufficient number of simultaneous readings of load
and compression measuring gauge being taken. The test is continued until the maximum value of
the stress has been reached or until an axial strain of 20 percent has been attained. The test is
carried out at confining stress of 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg/cm2. The shear parameters are obtained from a
plot of Mohr circles.
2.6 Consolidation Test (IS: 2720 Part XV): -Test was carried out on undisturbed soil specimen
in order to determine the settlement characteristics of soil at different depths. Sample is extruded
to the consolidation ring of 60mm dia. The edge is trimmed carefully such that the sample flushes
with the top and bottom edges of the ring. The thickness of the specimen is measured and the
weight is recorded. The bottom porous stone is then centered on the base of the consolidation cell.
The specimen is placed centrally between the bottom porous stone and the upper porous stone. A
filter paper is provided in-between specimen and porous stones. The consolidometer is placed in
position in the loading device and suitably adjusted. Dial gauge is clamped into position for
recording the relative movement between the base of the cell and the loading cap. A seating
pressure of 0.05 kg / sq. cm is applied to the specimen. The cell is kept filled with water. After 24
hrs the test is continued using a loading sequence on the soil specimen of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00,
4.00 & 8.00 kg / sq. cm. For each loading increment after application of load, readings of the dial
gauge is taken using time sequence 0, 0.25, 1.00, 2.25, 2, 6.25, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 … upto 24 hrs.
From the observations of all incremental pressure, void ratio versus log (pressure) curve is
obtained. The slope of the straight line portion shows compression index Cc.
2.7 Differential Free Swell test (IS: 2720 (P-40, 41)): -In order to determine the swelling
characteristics of the soil, differential free swell test is carried out. An oven dried soil sample, 10
gm passing through 425 micron is poured in two 100 ml graduated cylinder. One cylinder was
filled with distilled water and in kerosene up to 100 ml mark. After the removal of entrapped air,
sample was allowed sufficient time to attain equilibrium state of volume. The final volume of soil
in each cylinder was recorded. Sp = Free swell
Soil volume in water – Soil volume in kerosene
Sp =
Soil volume in kerosene
 BORE LOG
Bore Hole No. : BH - 1 Date Started : 25/09/2008
Location: Chharodi Vill, Sanand Date Completed : 25/09/2008
Type of Boring : Manual Auger Drilling Ground Surface Level: @ + 0.0mt
Diameter of Boring: 150 mm, Depth 15.0 mt
Stratum Sampling SPT
Depth
Description of Strata Legend Thickness, Lab. Depth, Value, SPT Curve
in mt Type
mt No. mt. 'N'

0.0 Very Stiff Black CH 0.8 DS 844-10 0.0 -

Plot of Depth / N-Value
0.5 Cotton Soil
1.0 Depth Below G.L., m

10.8
12.3
13.8
15.0
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
1.5 Brownish Stiff UDS 844-11 1.5
10
2.0 Clayey Soil CI 2.7 SPT 1.8 12
11
2.5 with Little Fine Sand
12
3.0 & Kankars UDS 844-12 3.0
13
3.5 SPT 3.8 13 14
4.0 15
4.5 Brownish Stiff CH 1.5 UDS 844-13 4.5 16

5.0 Clay of High Plasticity SPT 4.8 16 17

18
5.5
19
6.0 UDS 844-14 6.0
20
6.5 SPT 6.3 19 21
7.0 Reddish Yellow CI 4.0
Penetration Value "N"

22
7.5 Silty Clay UDS 844-15 7.5 23

8.0 with Fine Sand SPT 7.8 33 24

25
8.5
26
9.0 UDS 844-16 9.0
27
9.5 SPT 9.3 37
28
10.0 29
10.5 UDS 844-17 10.5 30
11.0 SPT 10.8 38 31

11.5 32
33
12.0 Yellowish Dense CL 6.0 UDS 844-18 12.0
34
12.5 Silty Clay SPT 12.3 40
35
13.0 with Sand & Kankars
36
13.5 UDS 844-19 13.5 37
14.0 SPT 13.8 36 38

14.5 39

15.0 SPT 844-20 15.0 38 40

Abbreviation: Job No: Ges/Vad/80844

UDS : Undisturb Sample DS : Disturbed sample SPT : Corrected Standard Penetration Value
 BORE LOG
Bore Hole No. : BH - 2 Date Started : 25/09/2008
Location: Chharodi Vill, Sanand Date Completed : 25/09/2008
Type of Boring : Manual Auger Drilling Ground Surface Level: @ + 0.0mt
Diameter of Boring: 150 mm, Depth 15.0 mt
Stratum Sampling SPT
Depth
Description of Strata Legend Thickness, Lab. Depth, Value, SPT Curve
in mt Type
mt No. mt. 'N'

0.0 DS 844-20 0.0 -

Plot of Depth / N-Value
0.5 Very Stiff Black CH 1.5
1.0 Cotton Soil Depth Below G.L., m

10.8
12.0
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
1.5 UDS 844-21 1.5
10
2.0 SPT 1.8 10
2.5 Brownish Stiff 11
3.0 Clayey Soil CI 3.0 UDS 844-22 3.0
12
3.5 with Little Fine Sand SPT 3.8 13
13
4.0 & Kankars
4.5 UDS 844-23 4.5 14

5.0 SPT 4.8 15 15

5.5
16
6.0 UDS 844-24 6.0
6.5 SPT 6.3 21 17

7.0 Yellowish CI 5.0

Penetration Value "N"

18
7.5 Silty Clay UDS 844-25 7.5
19
8.0 with Fine Sand SPT 7.8 35
8.5 20

9.0 UDS 844-26 9.0 21

9.5 SPT 9.3 38
22
10.0
23
10.5 Yellowish Dense CL 2.5 UDS 844-27 10.5
11.0 Silty Clay of SPT 10.8 42 24

11.5 Low Plasticity 25

12.0 with Fine Sand SPT 844-28 12.0 52
26
12.5 TERMINATED
13.0 Very Hard 27

13.5 Stratification difficult to 28

14.0 Auger Manually
29
14.5 (Machine Rotary Drilling
15.0 required) 30

Abbreviation: Job No: Ges/Vad/80844

UDS : Undisturb Sample DS : Disturbed sample SPT : Corrected Standard Penetration Value
 SUMMARY -1

BH Lab. Depth FDD FMC in Grain size Distribution Atterberg's limit I.S. Classi-
No. No. in m gm/cc % %G %S %M & %C LL, % PL, % PI, % fication
721-11 1.5 1.556 17.24 3 42 55 45.3 20.6 24.7 CI
721-12 3.0 1.558 15.36 2 33 65 45.5 20.8 24.7 CI
721-13 4.5 1.564 12.54 2 17 81 52.1 21.5 30.6 CH
721-14 6.0 1.576 13.51 3 40 57 39.9 20.0 19.9 CI
721-15 7.5 1.612 12.64 4 42 54 36.4 19.2 17.2
BH-1

CI
721-16 9.0 1.634 13.26 1 43 56 47.0 21.6 25.4 CI
721-17 10.5 1.625 13.15 5 26 69 31.5 21.2 10.3 CL
721-18 12.0 1.638 12.54 4 34 62 34.0 23.5 10.5 CL
721-19 13.5 1.645 12.59 3 38 59 33.0 22.5 10.5 CL
721-20 15.0 1.651 13.61 6 31 63 31.0 22.1 8.9 CL
721-21 1.5 1.551 15.6 4 23 73 41.8 19.5 22.3 CI
721-22 3.0 1.564 13.61 6 29 65 44.9 19.3 25.6 CI
721-23 4.5 1.560 12.54 4 29 67 42.9 20.0 22.9 CI
721-24 6.0 1.578 12.59 6 39 55 42.5 19.7 22.8 CI
721-25 7.5 1.594 11.54 2 27 71 39.8 19.4 20.4
BH-2

CI
721-26 9.0 1.604 13.15 2 41 57 41.8 19.3 22.5 CI
721-27 10.5 1.634 13.26 7 40 53 31.2 20.4 10.8 CL
721-28 12.0 1.645 12.59 5 39 56 33.0 21.2 11.8 CL
721-29 13.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
721-30 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Abbreviation :
G - Gravel, S - Sand, M - Silt, C - Clay LL - Liquid Limit PI - Plasticity Index
FDD - Field Dry Density PL - Plastic Limit NP - Non Plastic
FMC - Field Moisture Content

Job No: Ges/Vad/80721

 SUMMARY-2

Bore Specific Shear Parameters Consolidation Free

Lab. Depth
Hole Gravity C φ Pc Swell
No. m Cc
No. G kg/cm
2
Degree kg/cm2 %
721-11 1.5 2.631 0.1 15 -- -- 52
721-12 3.0 2.657 -- -- 0.079 0.49 43
721-13 4.5 -- 0.42 9 0.089 0.71 --
721-14 6.0 -- -- -- 0.053 1.02 --
BH-1

721-15 7.5 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-16 9.0 -- 0.89 16 -- -- --
721-17 10.5 2.623 -- -- 0.032 1.92 --
721-18 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-19 13.5 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-20 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-21 1.5 2.595 -- -- -- -- 38
721-22 3.0 2.652 0.096 16 -- -- 59
721-23 4.5 -- -- -- 0.078 0.7 --
721-24 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- --
BH-2

721-25 7.5 -- 0.091 15 -- -- --

721-26 9.0 -- -- -- 0.089 1.6 --
721-27 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-28 12.0 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-29 13.5 -- -- -- -- -- --
721-30 15.0 -- -- -- -- -- --

C - Cohesion Cc - Compression Index

φ - Angle of Internal Friction Pc - Preconsolidation Pressure

Job No: Ges/Vad/80721

 SETTLEMENT CALCULATION AS PER IS: 8009 Part I - 1976

Depth of Depth of Water Settlement / Total

Depth of Width of Corrected
Water Water Table Ratio d/B Table SBC, T/m2 Unit Pr., Settlement
Footing, m Footing, m "N" value
Table below Factor mm , mm
2.0 11.25 1.00 13.00 22.73 22.0 50.00
2.5 25.0 22.50 3.0 7.50 1.00 13.00 19.23 26.0 50.00
4.0 5.63 1.00 13.00 18.52 27.0 50.00

50mm Permissible settlement for the Footing is considered for the design