HOMOPOLYSACCARIDE

By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )
Synopsis
 Carbohydrate
 Polysaccharide
 Homopolysaccarides
 Different between Homopolysaccharides and
Heteropolysaccharides
 Example of Homopolysaccharides-
I) Starch
II) Glycogen
III) Cellulose
IV) Chitin
 Application of Homopolysaccharides
 Conclusion
 reference
 Carbohydrates
 Any of a large group of compound (including
sugar, starch and cellulose) which contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen occur in food and
living tissue can be and broken down to release
energy in the body.
 They are broadly classified into three classes
based on the number of sugar unit:-
a) Monosaccharide
b) Oligosaccharide
c) Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide
 A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate
made up of repeating monosaccharide
or disaccharide units joined together
by glycoside bonds.
 Classification of polysaccharide based
on the type of containing
monosaccharide units:-
i. Homopolysaccharides
ii. Heteropolysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
 Homopolysaccharide are polysaccharide
composed of a single type sugar
monomer.
 Homopolysaccharide can be branched or
unbranched as long as they all have a
Homopolysaccharides is defined to have
one type of monosccharide.
Different between
homopolysaccharide and
hetropolysaccharide
Homoplysaccharides
Contain single type monomer.
Storage of monomer :
glycogen,

starch.
Structural elements : cellulose,
chitine.
Heteropolysaccharides
Contain two or more type of
monomer.
Extracellular support
 Bacterial cell wall
 Extracellular matrix of
animal
Example of homopolysaccharide
 Storage of monomer : glycogen, starch.
 Structural element: cellulose, chitin.
 Starch:-
 Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of
a large number of glucose units joined by
glycoside bonds.
 It is the most common carbohydrate in the
human diet and is contained in large amounts in
such staple foods as potatoes, wheat, maize,
rice, cassava.
 It consists of two type of molecules the linear and
helical amylose and the branched amyl pectin.
o Amylose
o Amyl pectin
Amylose
 It contain 15-20% of starch.
 It consists of long unbranched chains in
which all the D-glucose units are joined by
alpha 1-4 linkages.
 Amylose is water soluble and give blue
colour with iodine.
Amylopectin
 It contains 80-85% of starch.
 It is highly branched and the average length
of branches is from 24-30 glucose residues,
depending upon the species.
 The backbone glycoside linkage is alpha (1-
4), but the branch point are alpha(1-6)
linkages.
 Glycogen
 Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide
that serves as a form of energy storage in
animal and fungi.
 In humans glycogen is made and stored
primarily in the cells of the liver and the
muscles and function as the secondary long
term energy storage.
 Because each branch in glycogen ends in a
non reducing sugar a glycogen molecules
has many non reducing ends has only one
reducing ends.
 It give red violet colour with iodine.
Cellulose

 Cellulose is composed of linear chain of

covalently glucose residues.
 It is very stable chemically and extremely
insoluble.
 Cellulose is a fibrous tough water in soluble
substance found in cell walls of plant.
 The glucose residues in cellulose are linked by
glycoside bonds in contrast to the of amylose.
 Cellulose is composed of beta D-glucose units
linked by beta(1-4) glycosidic bonds.
 It contains about 300-15000 glucose residues.
 It is insoluble in water.
 It gives no colour with iodine.
 Chitin
 Chitin is an important polysaccharide of
invertebrates.
 It is a structural polysaccharides.
 It is found in the hard exoskeleton of insect
and in the cell wall of fungi.
 Chitine is a long polymer of a N-acetyl
glucosamine a derivative of glucose.
 Chitine is composed of N-acetyl D
glucosamine units held together by beta(1-
4) linkage.
 Application of
homopolysaccharide
 1) Provide instant energy:- it absorbed easily and release energy instantly.
 2) Eliminated side effect:- homopolysaccharide supplements in most cases,
are natural and therefore do not exhibit any major side effect on the human
body.
 3)Easily absorbed:- compound to sucrose, dextrose homopolysaccharide
are easily absorbed with the body. Therefore bodybuilder very commonly
use this energy supplement.
 4)Facilitate absorption and other essential nutrient:-The key role performed
by homopolysaccharide is to allow easy absorption of other nutrients for the
body. It enhances the body ability to quickly absorb nutrients process these
nutrients and release energy.
 5) Facilitates faster recovery of muscle strength:- in human body faster
recovery form fatigue. The energy gained through intake of dietary
homopolysaccharide help the muscle cells to quickly relax and strengthen
its fiber cell.
 6) Controls appetite and weight:- another important use of
homopolysaccharide is for maintain proper weight the energy received from
Conclusion
 Homopolysaccharide benefits are
quite common among people
especially for body builder, weightlifter
and athletes.
 These polysaccharide form are
included in many dietary supplement
as drinks, nutrition and other.
References
 Biochemistry – Lubert Stryer
 Biochemistry – Lehninger (Nelson
cox)
 Internet- www. Wikipedia.com
www.kboitech.com