LEADERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH

NOTES (Chemistry)

CH: 5: COAL AND PETROLEUM

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Q.1. Is water a limit less source?
Ans. Yes, water is a limitless source, but by unwise use and cutting of trees,
sources of water can be finished.

Q.2. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Ans. The advantages of using CNG and LPG:
(i) CNG and LPG are clean fuels.
(ii) Their cost is low.
(iii) They can be used directly for burning.
(iv) They are easily available.
(v) They do not produce pollution.

Q.3. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

Ans. Bitumen is the petroleum product which is used for surfacing of roads
these days.

Q.4. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process
called?
Answer. Millions of years ago, dense forests got buried under the soil due to
natural processes like storms, floods, and earthquakes. These got compressed
as more and more soil got deposited over them. When they got buried deep in
the soil, they were exposed to very high pressure and temperature. Under
these conditions, these slowly got converted into coal. This process of
formation of coal from dead vegetation is called carbonization.

Q5: Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

Answer. Fossil fuels require millions of years to form from the dead
vegetation and animals that get buried deep inside the Earth. They require
high temperature and pressure for their formation, which cannot be provided
in the laboratory. Thus, fossil fuels are limited. Therefore, the use of fossil
fuels at this rate will lead to their exhaustion.

Q.6 Describe characteristics and uses of coke.

Ans. Characteristic of coke:
(i) Coke is tough.
(ii) It is porous and black substance.
(iii) It is an almost pure form of carbon.

Uses of coke:
(i) In manufacture of steel.
(ii) In the extraction of metals (as a reducing agent)

Q.7 Explain the process of formation of petroleum.

Ans. Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these
organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea. These bodies got
covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, in the absence of
air, and under high temperature and pressure the dead bodies are converted
into petroleum and natural gas.

Q8. Explain destructive distillation of coal.

Ans. The destructive distillation of coal is the process of heating coal in the
absence of air. When coal is burned in the absence of air, it produces a variety
of products.

Products formed by destructive distillation of Coal

Coke: It has a carbon content of 98 percent. It is the purest kind of coal, porous,
rough, and black. It's a good fuel that burns cleanly, just like charcoal.

Uses- It is used to manufacture steel and for extraction of metals like iron.

Coal tar: Coal tar is made up of a variety of carbon compounds. It's a viscous,
black liquid with a foul odour.

Uses- It is used in the manufacturing of substances like synthetic dyes, drugs

(medicines), perfumes, explosives, paints, synthetic fibres, medicines, plastics,
naphthalene balls and insecticides.

Coal gas: It is a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide that comes
from coal. Because the gases in coal gas are flammable, it makes a great fuel.

Uses- All the gases present in the coal gas burn to produce heat, due to which it is
an excellent fuel. It is used as a fuel in many industries. When burnt it produces
good amount of light so in the past coal gas has also been used for lighting
purposes.