ONDOVILLA, CHRISTIAN 1BSABE-B

SOCRATES

 Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens. True wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
“To know is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of true knowledge.” Socrates
have lot of lesson that he teach to plato.

PLATO

 Plato was an Ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle and founder of
the Academy, best known as the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence. He say
that there are three parts soul/self; Reason, Physical Appetite and Spirit/Passion.

ARISTOTLE

 Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures
of Westerns history. He is student of Plato. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
“He who overcomes his fears is truly free.” “I find more courageous him who overcomes his
desires than he who defeats his enemies, for the most difficult victory is against the evil self.”
“The inevitable war must end with the consolidation of peace.” “Educating the mind without
educating the heart is no education at all.” Aristotle make a lot of lesson in life.

ST. AUGUSTINE

 St. Augustine was the bishop of Hippo. A renowned theologian and prolific writer, he was also a
skilled preacher and rhetorician. He also shaped the practice of biblical exegesis and helped lay
the foundation for much of medieval and modern Christian thought. He taught that true
happiness could only be found in God and that one can only truly partake in Philosophy if he had
faith and reason.

RENÉ DESCARTES

 René Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher during the 17th century. He is
most commonly known for his philosophical statement, “I think, therefore I am”. he writes
about what he believes to be true and what is not true. He writes about starting a new
foundation. This meant that he was going to figure out what is true and what is false. He also
writes about how he wonders if he is human and if what he sees is real or false. He stated if he is
not certain what is true then he would consider it to be false. He also talks about his uncertainty
of whether he is awake or asleep.
JOHN LOCKE

 John Locke was an English philosopher, In his Essay, Locke suggests that the self is “a thinking
intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same
thinking thing, in different times and places” and continues to define personal identity simply as
“the sameness of a rational being” (Locke). And said that every aspect of the physical body is
integrated with personal identity. the body changes. The physical self changes.

DAVID HUME

 David Hume is Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his
philosophical empiricism and skepticism.Hume argued that our understanding of whether an
action is right or wrong should be based on the response that it receives. In other words, we
should rely on each other to determine what is “right.” Certain virtues — justice, equality — are
virtuous because they work for us.

IMMANUEL KANT

 Immanuel Kant is German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in

epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent
philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. According to him, we
humans have both an inner and an outer self which unify to give us consciousness. The inner self
is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect. The outer self includes our
sense and the physical world

SIGMUND FREUD

 Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud
believed that if you have a strong sense of self (ego), you're capable of understanding your own
needs and also intuiting the limits that society puts on you. If you have a strong sense of self,
you can move freely through life.Sigmund Freud's theories and work helped shape current views
of dreams, childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy.

GILBERT RYLE

 Gilbert Ryle was a British philosopher, leading figure in the “Oxford philosophy,” or “ordinary
language,” movement. Arguing that the mind does not exist and therefore can't be the seat of
self, Ryle believed that self comes from behavior. We're all just a bundle of behaviors caused by
the physical workings of the body.

PAUL MONTGOMERY CHURCHLAND

 Paul Montgomery Churchland is a Canadian philosopher known for his studies in

neurophilosophy and the philosophy of mind. According to churchland "self and brain are
connected to each other because when you are true to yourself it will immediately connects to
your brain so you can conclude what's going on in that situation"
EDMUND HUSSERL

 Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher, the founder of Phenomenology. Husserl speaks
about the self (“the monad”) as the experienced totality of one's life. Within it, we can
abstractively distinguish constitutive levels, all the way down to the pre-egological flow of time-
consciousness, quite unlike our ordinary experiences of ourselves. Husserl argued that the study
of consciousness must actually be very different from the study of nature. For him

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

 Maurice Merleau-Ponty is philosopher and man of letters, the leading exponent of

Phenomenology in France. He believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes
up the subjective self. This concept stands in contradiction to rationalism and empiricism.
Rationalism asserts that reason and mental perception, rather than physical senses and
experience, are the basis of knowledge and self.

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

 Medieval philosophy is about truth, God, the human soul, the meaning of history, the state, sin,
and salvation. the medieval era is very living a good and virtuous life according to the ethical
virtues. In this day we know that we have a lot of religious group and this kind of themes is for
everyone.

MODERN PHILOSOPHY

 Modern Philosophy is about simplicity, certainty, and linear comprehensiveness. There is more
considerate and have more life lessons that can be use for everyday life. And also have respect
for natural sciences