Surgery-II Assignment

Topic: ENDOSCOPY

Submitted By: SYED MOHATASHIM

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of a thin,
flexible tube called an endoscope to examine the interior surfaces
of the body. The endoscope is equipped with a light source and a
camera that allows healthcare providers to visualize and capture
images of the internal organs, tissues, and structures in real-time.

Endoscopy can be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic

purposes across various medical specialties, including
gastroenterology, pulmonology, urology, gynecology, and
otolaryngology. Depending on the area of the body being
examined, different types of endoscopes are used, each tailored
to provide optimal visualization and access to specific regions.

During an endoscopic procedure, the endoscope is inserted into

the body through natural openings such as the mouth, nose,
anus, or urethra, or through small incisions made in the skin. The
endoscope is carefully guided through the respective body cavity
or organ system, allowing the healthcare provider to inspect the
lining, identify abnormalities, and obtain tissue samples (biopsies)
for further analysis.

In addition to visualization, endoscopy enables healthcare

providers to perform various therapeutic interventions directly
through the endoscope. These interventions may include
removing polyps, tumors, or foreign bodies, dilating strictures or
narrowing of passages, cauterizing bleeding vessels, and
delivering medications or treatments to specific areas.

Endoscopic procedures are typically performed on an outpatient

basis and may be done under sedation or local anesthesia to
minimize discomfort and ensure patient comfort. The duration of
the procedure varies depending on the complexity of the
examination or intervention being performed.