Southern Luzon State University

College of Teacher Education

Graduate School
Midyear 2024

EDAM 523 LEGAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION

Name: Hanna Angeline R. Grana Date Submitted: July 22,

2024
Program – Year: MA Educational Management- 1st year Faculty: DR. CECILLE P.
COSEJO

Structure and Governance of Philippine Education

REFLECTIVE PAPER no. 3
Summary of Governance in Philippine Education
The Philippines education system has undergone significant reforms aimed at
improving quality and accessibility, particularly through the Enhanced Basic Education
program, Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET), and the governance of higher
education. Each of these components plays a crucial role in shaping the educational landscape,
addressing diverse learning needs, and preparing students for the demands of the modern
world.
Enhanced Basic Education is a cornerstone of recent educational reforms, commonly
known as the K-12 program. This initiative extends basic education from 10 to 12 years,
aligning the system with international standards and enhancing the quality education. SHS in
particular is designed to provide specialized tracks, including Academic, TVL, Sports, and Arts
and Design. These tracks cater to students’ varied interests and career aspirations, ensuring that
they are better prepared for higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship. The
overarching goal of the K-12 program is to produce graduates who are holistically developed,
equipped with 21st century skills, and ready to complete globally. In parallel with the K-12
program, TVET addresses the need for specialized skills and competencies essential for various
occupations. Managed by the TESDA, TVET offers programs in fields such as agriculture,
automotive, electronics, health care and information technology. These programs are designed
to be responsive to the needs of the labor market, ensuring that graduates possess relevant and
up to date skills.
Governance in higher education is another critical area, ensuring that the quality and
relevance of tertiary education are maintained. The CHED plays a central role in regulating and
supervising higher education institutions, encompassing both public and private entities. State
universities and colleges are governed by their respective boards of regents or trustees, which
include representatives from various sectors to provide oversight and policy direction.
Despite these advancements, the Education here in the Philippines faces several
challenges. Resource allocation remains a significant issue, particularly in public schools and
SUCs, where funding and resources are often insufficient. The difference approaches between
urban and rural areas and between public and private institutions persist, highlighting the need
for more equitable distribution of resources. Access to education for marginalized and
disadvantaged communities also remain concern, requiring targeted interventions to ensure
inclusivity.
In conclusion, the Enhanced Basic Education program, TVET and higher education
governance are integral components of the Philippines education system. While challenges
remain, the ongoing reforms and initiatives hold the promise of creating a more equitable,
inclusive, and high-quality education system that meets the needs, of all learners and prepares
them for the future.