Page |1

Kaleidoscope – Songs and Stories of Our World

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

SHORT ANSWERS

I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences: (2 marks

each)

1. What does the speaker say that she will sweep away with the broom in her hand in
the poem by Zhai Yongming?
In Zhai Yongming’s poem “I Have a Broom”, the speaker declares that she will
sweep away today’s and yesterday’s garbage. She will also clear away the filth in the streets
and in people’s minds. The broom becomes a powerful symbol – a tool for self-expression,
empowerment, and liberation.
2. Name the collection of poems in which the poem "Threshold" appears.
“Threshold” appears in the anthology, “Night Sky with Exit Wounds.”

3. What is the central theme of Gabriela Mistral's poem 'To See Him Again"?
The central theme of the poem revolves around loss and grief. The speaker grapples
with raw emotions, struggling to accept the death of a loved one. Simultaneously, themes of
love and connection weave through the poem, emphasizing the ache of absence and the
enduring impact of loss.

4. What is the reason that the barber gives for him not speaking up?
In "The Barber's Story of Himself" from The Arabian Nights, the reason the barber
gives for not speaking up is that he was too frightened and intimidated by the sight of the
executioner's sword to utter a word. He describes being petrified with fear and unable to
articulate any protest.

5. What was it that Helen wanted to learn from Faust?

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust," Helen wanted to learn from Faust about
the world beyond her own existence, particularly about the modern era and its advancements.
She sought knowledge and understanding of the contemporary world from Faust.

6. What is the reason the husband gave to say that his wife is to be pitied?

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |2

In Nikolai Gogol’s “Diary of a Madman”, the husband claims that his wife is to be
pitied because she has to live with him, a man who is gradually descending into madness. His
deteriorating mental state and erratic behaviour cause her distress and concern.

7. What is it that "the necessary poetry always does"?

In Seamus Heaney's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, he states that “the necessary
poetry always does” what is “capable of reminding us that we are hunters and gatherers of
values." He emphasizes poetry's ability to reconnect individuals with essential human values
and truths.

8. Why does the school-bell seem to be a call to battle in “A Century Later”?

In Imtiaz Dharker’s poem “A Century Later”, the school-bell is metaphorically
transformed into a battle call. Each step to class becomes a perilous advance into the firing-
line, where young students—particularly girls—face the harsh realities of conflict and
violence. The bell’s seemingly innocuous chime becomes a stark reminder of the urgent
struggle for education and resilience in a world marred by adversity.
9. Identify the figure of speech used in the line "I tend the mobile now like an injured
bird."
The figure of speech in the line is a simile. It compares the act of caring for the
mobile phone to tending to an injured bird. It suggests a delicate and nurturing attitude
towards technology.

10. Why could Uncle Podger not find his handkerchief?

Uncle Podger couldn't find his handkerchief because it was in the pocket of his coat,
on which he had been sitting.

11. Olielo as a representative of the traditional values of his clan in “The Green
Leaves.”
In "The Green Leaves," Olielo serves as a representative of the traditional values of
his clan through his adherence to ancestral customs and reluctance to embrace modernization.
Olielo's steadfast commitment to preserving traditional ways of life contrasts with Nyagar's
embrace of modern agricultural techniques, highlighting the tension between tradition and
progress in the story.

12. What does Leigh Hunt say about Adam and Eve?
In his essay “Getting Up on a Cold Morning”, Leigh Hunt humorously contrasts the
harsh realities of waking up in a cold climate with the idyllic conditions experienced by
Adam and Eve. Hunt playfully observes that Adam didn’t need to shave, and Eve didn’t step
upon three-inch-thick ice when leaving her bower.

13. What happened every time Uncle Podger undertook to take a job?
Every time Uncle Podger undertook a job, chaos ensued. His ineptitude led to
mishaps, lost tools, and family members scurrying around, while he remained blissfully
unaware of the havoc he caused.

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |3

14. According to Hunt, why does a businessman get up early?

In Leigh Hunt's essay “Getting Up on a Cold Morning”, the businessman rises early
because he believes that getting up early is essential for success. He associates early rising
with diligence, financial gain, and personal pride, contrasting it with the perceived laziness of
those who stay in bed.

15. How has Grace Ogot portrayed the influence of modernization as seen in the actions
of Nyagar.
In Grace Ogot’s story, “The Green Leaves”, the influence of modernization is evident
through the actions of Nyagar. As the clan grapples with changing times, Nyagar's pursuit of
money jeopardizes traditional values and community well-being. The clash between tradition
and modernity underscores the challenges faced by indigenous cultures during Kenya’s
transition from agrarian to urban society.

(Ceiling 25 Marks)

PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS

II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 100 words: (5

marks each)

16. What does Lucille Clifton mean when she says "I have no model"?
In Lucille Clifton’s poem, “Won’t you celebrate with me?”, the line, “I have no
model” carries profound significance. The speaker, a nonwhite woman, asserts her identity
and resilience in a hostile world. By stating that she lacks a model, she defies societal norms
and expectations. Instead of conforming to predefined roles, she shapes her own existence.
The absence of a model becomes her strength—a testament to self-determination. Clifton
celebrates her survival despite daily challenges. She invites readers to join in this triumphant
affirmation of Black womanhood and autonomy.
17. Comment on the idea of yearning in Basho's haiku "In Kyoto".
Matsuo Basho skilfully captures a moment of yearning and nostalgia in his haiku, “In
Kyoto.” The speaker is physically present in Kyoto. The cuckoo's cry evokes the arrival of
spring and renewal. The bird becomes a symbol of change and impermanence. Despite being
in Kyoto, the speaker experiences a profound longing for the very place he inhabits; the
juxtaposition of physical presence and emotional yearning. Basho's haiku invites
contemplation on the ephemerality of life and our attachment to familiar places. The longing
becomes a universal ache for what was, what is, and what might be. In just three lines, Basho
encapsulates the human condition—our perpetual yearning for connection, memory, and
home.
18. What are the qualities that the barber attributes to himself?

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |4

In "The Barber's Story of Himself" from the Arabian Nights, the barber, known as
“the Silent One”, attributes qualities of wit, resourcefulness, and storytelling prowess to
himself. He presents himself as a skilled storyteller, able to captivate his audience with
elaborate tales and clever improvisation. Additionally, he portrays himself as adaptable,
navigating various situations with ease and confidence. Despite his verbosity, he remains
silent during a critical moment, emphasizing his peculiar blend of wisdom and eccentricity.
His excessive generosity leads him to withhold crucial information, ultimately entangling him
in a bizarre situation.

19. What is the anecdote Heaney uses to show the indiscriminate violence in Northern
Ireland?
In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, titled “Crediting Poetry”, Seamus Heaney
recounts a childhood memory from rural Co. Derry during World War Il. The family’s radio,
connected to an aerial wire, picked up news broadcasts. Amid the mundane sounds of rain
and mice, the voice of a BBC newsreader would suddenly emerge, reporting war casualties
and advances. The juxtaposition of local names and global conflict underscored the
indiscriminate violence – how the same airwaves carried both mundane and devastating
news. This anecdote serves as a powerful metaphor for the impact of violence on ordinary
lives.

20. Comment on the imagery used in Dharker's poem.

In "A Century Later,” Imtiaz Dharker crafts vivid imagery to convey the enduring
impact of historical events. The poem's imagery resonates with themes of time, memory, and
human resilience. Lines like “words lift off the page like ash" evoke the ephemeral nature of
language and its ability to transcend time. Dharker's use of "a fistful of soil” symbolizes the
tangible connection to the past, grounding the reader in the physical remnants of history.
Through imagery rich in texture and emotion, Dharker invites readers to contemplate the
lasting impressions of the past on the present, offering a poignant reflection on the passage of
time and the continuity of human experience.

21. How does Duffy's poem become a critique of the modern format of communication?
Carol Ann Duffy's poem “Text”, succinctly critiques modern format of
communication. In this terse piece, she likens texting to an “injured bird,” emphasizing its
fragility and brevity. The absence of sound in these exchanges – reduced to minimal words –
hints at a loss. The poet regrets the mechanization of connection, where heartfelt messages
become mere “notes in broken chords.” Duffy's critique lies in the paradox: while technology
connects us, it also isolates, replacing voice with silence. Through sparse language, she
underscores the emotional cost of our digital age.

22. Your expression of the state of mind of the speaker in the poem, “Revolving Days.”
In the poem "Revolving Days," the speaker's state of mind is one of introspection and
contemplation. They are grappling with the passage of time and the cyclical nature of life.
The speaker seems to be reflective, perhaps feeling a sense of nostalgia or melancholy as they
observe the recurring patterns of existence. There may also be a hint of resignation or

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |5

acceptance in the speaker's tone, acknowledging the inevitability of change and the constant
flux of life's rhythms. Overall, the speaker's state of mind in “Revolving Days” is
characterized by a thoughtful awareness of the passage of time and its impact on human
experience.

23. Describe the aftermath of Uncle Podger's successful hanging of the picture
After Uncle Podger successfully hangs the picture in Jerome K Jerome's story "Uncle
Podger Hangs a Picture,” the aftermath is chaotic. Despite his initial triumph, the room
descends into disarray as other items are knocked over and broken in the process. Uncle
Podger's jubilation quickly turns to frustration as he struggles to repair the collateral damage
caused by his overzealous efforts. The once-celebrated achievement becomes a source of
further mishaps, highlighting the comedic irony of Uncle Podger's attempts at competence.
Ultimately, the aftermath serves as a humorous reminder of the unpredictability and absurdity
of everyday life.
(Ceiling 35 Marks)

ESSAYS
III. Write essays on any two of the following questions in 200 words:
(10 Marks each)

24. Luigi Pirandello's "War" highlights the human cost of wars. Elaborate.

Luigi Pirandello's "War" delves into the profound and devastating impact of war on human
lives, emphasizing the emotional toll and existential crises that arise amidst conflict. Through
vivid imagery and poignant narratives, Pirandello portrays the harrowing experiences of
soldiers and civilians alike, shedding light on the human cost of warfare.

The story depicts characters who are caught in the chaos and brutality of war, grappling with
fear, loss, and disillusionment. Their struggles reflect the universal suffering inflicted by
armed conflict, transcending national boundaries and ideologies.

Pirandello’s portrayal of the psychological effects of war is particularly striking. The

characters in "War" grapple with questions of identity, morality, and the meaning of life in
the face of senseless violence and destruction. Their existential angst underscores the
profound impact of war on the human psyche.

Moreover, “War” underscores the indiscriminate nature of violence, highlighting the

vulnerability of innocent civilians who become collateral damage in armed conflicts.
Pirandello emphasizes the tragic consequences of war on families and communities,
capturing the anguish and despair of those left behind.

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |6

Ultimately, "War" serves as a powerful indictment of the senselessness and futility of war.
Pirandello's exploration of the human cost of conflict resonates deeply, reminding audiences
of the enduring need for peace, compassion, and understanding in a world torn apart by war.

25. Comment on the nature of the interaction between Miranda and Ferdinand.

In Act 3 Scene 1 of Shakespeare's "The Tempest," the interaction between Miranda

and Ferdinand reveals a deep and genuine connection between the two characters. Their
dialogue and actions showcase themes of love, innocence, and the transformative power of
romantic attraction.
Miranda and Ferdinand's conversation begins with Ferdinand expressing his
willingness to undergo any task to win Miranda's love, demonstrating his devotion and
sincerity. Miranda, in turn, reciprocates his affection, assuring him of her own feelings and
trust. Their exchange is characterized by mutual respect and admiration, reflecting the purity
of their emotions.
As the scene progresses, Miranda and Ferdinand engage in playful banter and
flirtation, highlighting the light heartedness and innocence of their budding romance. Their
interactions are marked by joy and excitement, as they revel in each other's company and the
newfound intensity of their feelings.
Despite the challenges they face, including Miranda's sheltered upbringing and
Ferdinand's status as a prince, their love remains steadfast and unwavering. Their bond
transcends social barriers and external influences, emphasizing the timeless and universal
nature of true love.
In conclusion, Act 3 Scene 1 portrays Miranda and Ferdinand as kindred spirits whose
connection transcends the confines of their island exile. Their interaction is characterized by
mutual affection, trust, and a shared sense of wonder, underscoring the transformative power
of love in Shakespeare's "The Tempest.”

26. Imtiaz Dharker's “A Century Later” is a testimony to the strength of women.

Discuss.

Imtiaz Dharker's poem "A Century Later" resonates strongly with the remarkable
story of Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani activist for female education who survived a
Taliban assassination attempt. Both the poem and Malala's journey highlight the resilience
and strength of women in the face of adversity.
Malala's story reflects the themes of perseverance and courage depicted in Dharker's
poem. Despite facing threats and violence, Malala continued to advocate for girls' education,
embodying the unwavering spirit of women determined to create positive change.
Similarly, "A Century Later" portrays a woman who refuses to be silenced by the
challenges she encounters. The poem's imagery captures the enduring strength of women who
persist in the face of oppression and hardship, much like Malala's defiance in the face of
adversity.

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu
 Page |7

Both Malala and the woman in the poem serve as symbols of hope and inspiration for
women everywhere. Their resilience and determination remind us of the power of individuals
to effect change and challenge injustice, even in the most difficult circumstances.
Through her activism and advocacy, Malala has become a global icon for girls'
education and women's rights. Her story exemplifies the message of empowerment and
resilience conveyed in "A Century Later," reinforcing the idea that women have the strength
to overcome obstacles and shape their own destinies.
In conclusion, Imtiaz Dharker's "A Century Later" and Malala Yousafzai's journey
both serve as powerful testimonies to the strength and resilience of women. Their stories
inspire us to stand up for what is right and to never lose hope in the face of adversity.

27. Analyse how Sheryl Sandberg's speech is a lesson in the importance of resilience and
becoming the best version of oneself.

Sheryl Sandberg's 2016 commencement speech at UC Berkeley is a poignant lesson

on resilience and personal growth, drawn from her own experiences of loss and adversity.
She underscores resilience as crucial in overcoming obstacles and evolving into one’s best
self, exemplified through her candid sharing of grief following her husband's sudden death.
Sandberg highlights resilience's transformative power, clarifying that it's not about
returning to one's former self but rather embracing growth amidst challenges. She urges
graduates to tap into their inner strength and courage to navigate life's trials, emphasizing the
importance of moving forward despite pain and uncertainty.
Authenticity and vulnerability are emphasized as integral to personal growth.
Sandberg encourages embracing imperfections and vulnerabilities as essential aspects of the
journey toward self-improvement. Her openness about her struggles fosters connection and
empathy, inspiring others to see their vulnerabilities as opportunities for growth.
Sandberg challenges graduates to redefine success based on personal values and to
prioritize relationships, kindness, and gratitude. She stresses that true fulfilment comes from
contributing to others’ well-being and making a positive impact in the world, resonating
deeply with the audience's desire for purpose-driven lives.
In conclusion, Sandberg's speech serves as a timeless reminder of resilience’s power
and the pursuit of personal growth. By sharing her reflections on loss, adversity, and
resilience, she encourages graduates to embrace their inner strength and vulnerability as they
strive to become their best selves, offering a compelling lesson in resilience, self-discovery,
and purposeful living.

Prepared by:
Prof. MURUKAN BABU C.R.
(formerly) Associate Professor of English
Panampilly Memorial Govt. College
Chalakudy

email: mbabucr@gmail.com

https://www.youtube.com/@MurukanBabu