UNIT 14 AT THE DINING TABLE

~ ~
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Structure

14.0 Objectives
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Revision
14.3 New Words
14.4 Exercise 1
14.5 Exercise 2
14.6 Exercise 3
14.7 Exercise 4
, . 14.8 Exercise 5
14.9 Writing Skills
14.10 Exercise 1
14.11 Exercise 2
14.12 Exercise 3

14.0 OBJECTIVES
The objective of the following unit is to make you familiar with
some common and frequently used prohibited verbs in Arabic.

14.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous unit you have learnt to give orders and commands in
Arabic. You have also learnt how the verb changes in respect to the
gender and number of the persons whom we express command.
Now, in this unit you will learn how to prohibit someone from doing
something and express, in Arabic, the sentences like, "Khalid, don't
sit here." and "Saima, don't go there."
Let us start with a quick revision of some common words you have
learnt in the previous unit.

14.2 REVISION
Read the following Arabic words loudly.
English Arabic English Arabic
o J
o

.. .
0 ~
.lJ~
~ (you, a man) ~
New
Take
jadid khudh
0 ~ 0

To the boys
j~JW~ To the girls
w\iJl
. ~
li l-awlad li l-banat
22
 "fo~
~O 0
••.••.

0.J~
0 1;•..• .
At the Dining Table
;'W:Jl
.
~~t:.~
-
notebook blackboard
daftar sabbiira
0 ~ 0
Words
wL.$ Notebooks
o
y t!~ ••

kalimat dafatir
~
. W..
00
exercises W;.J
~
(you, many men) \~1
Sit
tamarin ijlisu
~ ~
:.t:l.b ~tr.a
Chalks ..
o
~. 0

Seats ~

Tabashir maqa'id
'0 ,
, . (you, a woman) ~\~
(he, a man)
Ordered
jJ
Write
uktubi amara

~j
~
(he, a man) o ,
0

.~
intelligent Goes/will go out ~~
dhaki yakhruj

14.3 NEW WORDS

English Arabic English Arabic
o ! ~

family
(~\ ,
around J~
usra Hawl
0 .•• 0 ,
o ,
~G1J\ o~~ JS
Dining table (You, a man) eat
ma'idat aT-
kul
Ta'am
0 ~
0li1
food f' slowly ~~
Ta'am 'ala mahl
(You, a man)
Don't
Jj.;j'i
eating
JS\
hurry la ta'jal akl
o~ ~
.0\ W ~~\1
0' my son
o
~ .. don't miss
ya ibni la tatruk
o ,~~ ~ 0
••......0 ••..

(You, a man) JStl\1 ~J

meal
Don't eat
la ta'kul wajba
o ~
\1
~

.~ .
o .•... :. ••
~
(You, a woman)
in hurry
don't drink
~~
~ -
fi 'ajal la tashrabi
23
Reading and Writing-Ill
~\.A o r.: .. .
~J~~
o~

Water in one draught

ma' fi nafs wallid
J.o"", .,..

(You, a woman) ~'i (You, a woman) " .,.,.....-

9" 'i
'·;r .
don't hurry Hi ta'jali don't breath
Hi tanfukhi
0 ~
~ ~ •.
~\.So • ~
(He, a man)
glass ~
ka's Advised
naSaHa
~

0' my sons ~
o
....w
'~I lunch
~\~
ya abna'I ghada'
J.J ~~ ~
J~\.. ~ ..
0

~ (You, many man) IJ1S\:j'i

on time
fi l-mI'ad don't eat
la ta'kulu
r'~
y.~ :.
..'i
o ~ ~
(You, many , 'o~ ~

man)
\~y (You, many man)
la tanfukhii don't drink
don't breathe la tashrabu
(You, many 0
0' ~~ ~
(You, many
women) Don't 0h\:j'i women) go . ~jl
take
la ta'khudhna Idhhabna
-
o ~ ~
(You, many
without ~Sl ~J~ women) Don't
'-..H~j5;j 'i
~ •• 0

permission bi dun idhn tell a lie la takdhibna

~
(You, many •.•. " \" ~ .•.•
U"" ~•..,., y ~
women) don't Before
sit la tajlisna qabla

Read the following Arabic sentences and see how the above
mentioned Arabic words have been used.
~o 0. ..... 0 I" .,.,
Khalid's family sat .~G..bl\~~~ J-.? ~l;.(~I ~
around the dining
jalasat usratu khalid Hawl ma'idat aT-Ta
table.
'am
0 ~ ~ o , ~ ,~
Mother: "Khalid, Eat
".~ ~ &~ JS !~l;.y" :~'il "'~
~
your food slowly." al-umm: "ya khalid! kul Ta'amak 'ala
mahl
"And don't hurry in ".JS~\ ~.. 0 •• ~ ~~"
J
eating."
wa la ta 'jal fi l-akl
24
 ) . .
At the Dining Table
.
rWJI9~C. .}c
-
Khalid: "Mother, I O~

didn't take breakfast

in the morning."
-"·t~\
khalid: ya ummi, ma akaltu l-fuTur fi S-
SabaH
Mother: "My son,
don't miss the ".~~\ ~~ y !~\ Y ":~~\
breakfast. " al-umm: ya ibni! la tatruk al-fuTiir
o 0 0 J. ,::, ~

"And don't eat any "•. L:'"

~
0
~
• 4.A~ '.'''',u ';fJ
.. J ~
11

meal in hurry.
wa la ta'kul waiba fi 'aial
0... 0 ..•••... 0 J ...

Mother: "Salma, don't ~ ~W\ ~YZ"1 !~ y" :~~\

, . drink water in one
draught and don't ".:F"1J ' ~\J ~
hurry." al-umm: ya salma! la tashrabi al-ma' fi
nafas waHid, wa la ta 'jali
"And don't breathe
into the glass."
wa la tanfukhi fi l-ka's .

The father advised:

0..... ,,.,
"My sons, eat your I
".~~\ 0 j O_<:'\~~
. breakfast and launch ~~ ~ ~ -'
on time." naSaHa t..ab: ya abna'I, kulu fuTiirakum
.
f--.
-+ ,_~a ghada'akum fi I-mT'ad
s- ~
"And don't eat any c:'" 11 •
o

lc:'\.:j
. 0 •
0

~~ r- J.J.
"1 ~ 11
~ ~ .. J ~ -'
meal in hurry."
wa Hi ta'kulii waiba fi 'ajal
"And don't drink in 11 0 r 0 • • • r J.~
o ~
:...
~
"1 ~"

.~ J UWU ~.J:~ -'

one draught."
wa la tashrabii fi nafas wallid
$ 0... J Jo... .

"And don't breathe ".~ts.1\ :) \~ "1 J"

into the glass."
wa la tanfukhii fi l-ka's
••. 0 ..... J .... 0 ••.

I·,
~.o~
,&. -.I
\\ '.01......J\.lJ
~I.~ I~"U
•.••,'\
•~ J ' ~~" ~ L ,..,
•,

The mother advised:

~\ ~~~~.~\
~ - 0... 0 0

"My daughters, go to 11 • ~~\ :) ~ j:l.J\

the school on time."
naSaHat al-umm: ya banati, idhhabna ila 1-
madras a fi l-mi'ad
~---------------r-----------~~-~
"Don't take book of
any (girl) student
". >\~J >\0 a~ ~lb y,:~>\\;G SI
1..,.1 :: I..,.I-J ~ ~ 1..,.1
11

without permission." Hi ta'khudhna kitab Taliba bi dun idhn

25
 ~ 0 0...... .
Reading and Writing-Ill Q •••••.

" O~J. \ ~ ~. 0 \0 •• " ~ ~. 0 •• ~ •• "~ "

"And don't tell a lie. •
•
I
""'" ~.
\. 11_"" J J
a I u~
• t"..r;~
J Ja
And don't sit before
wa Hi takdhibna. wa Hi tajlisna qabla 1-
the teacher."
mu'allim

14.4 EXERCISE 1
The following exercise has been designed to make you familiar with
the method of forming Prohibitive Verb.

Through Prohibitive Verb we ask someone to abstain from

something. Generally we ask only a person who is present in front of
us to abstain from something. So the prohibitive verb is generally
used for the 2nd persons only. The prohibitive verb too, like the
Imperative Verb is formed from the 2nd person moods of the
Imperfect Verb. Read the following Imperfect 2nd person moods
loudly and then see how the Prohibitive is formed from different
patterns of the Arabic verb. To form Prohibitive Verb lii ('1) is
prefixed to the 2nd person moods of the Imperfect verbs and the last
letter becomes vowelless:

2nd person moods of

Meanings Meanings Prohibitive
.Imperfect Verbs
, ,
(you, a man) I) •••
,
:,. ••
, ,

y~ (you, a man) ~~";l

Drink/will
tashrab Don't drink la tashrab
drink
, , ,

(you, a man) ~ . , (you, a man) ~";l

Sit/ will sit tajlis Don't sit la tajlis

(you, a man) "
~'fo ~'fo ";l
" ,

(you, a man)
Leave/will
tatruk Don't leave la tatruk
leave

Now, form Prohibitive Verb, from other verbs used in this unit and
write their meanings too. The 2nd person moods of such Imperfect
verbs with their meanings are given in the first and second columns.
The first example is done for you:

Imperfect Verbs Meanings Prohibitive Meanings

o J. ~~ • J. ~~ ~

JSb (you, a man) JSb'i (you, a man)

Eat/will eat Don't eat
ta'kul la ta'kul
• ~
~ (you, a man)
Hurry/will hurry
ta'jal
• .y.. ~

26
etarji'
(you, a man)
Return/will return
 , 0/ At the Dining Table
(you, a man)
'" 0 ••

~ ~WJI~~l.~
Looklwilllook
tanDHur
o
. .... Jo"
(you, a man)
~ Breathe/will .
tanfukh breathe

etA" ...
0/
o /
(you, a man)
Advice/will advice ,
tanSaH
0' s- (you, a man)
~\.:j
Don't take/will not
ta'khudh take
o /

w.lS.J (you, a man)

. /
Don't tell a lie/
takdhib will not tell a lie
o ,.
o
... /

(you, a man)
~~
Go out/will go out
takhruj
-

14.5 EXERCISE 2
The 2nd person moods of the Imperfect Verb of some commonly
used verbs are given below with their meanings. Look into the
pattern of each verb and form their Prohibitive verbs and write their
meanings. The first example is done for you:

2nd person mood

of the Meanings Prohibitive Meanings
Imperfect Verb
o
/

.0 .. /

0.0
/ /

•.•....

t'.' to)
(you, a man) t'I1"";/ (you, a man)
Make/will make Don't make
taSna' - la taSna'
~ /

\L.:i,j
. (you, a man)
Begin/will begin
tabda'
o /

~
(you, a man)
Appear/will appear
taDHhar
/ /

o • o ••
4..1 (you, a man)
t' Forbidlwill forbid
tamna'
0 o /

~ (you, a man)
Wash/will wash
taghsil
0 0/

Jp (you, a man)
/

Get/will get down 27

tanzil
Reading and Writing-Ill 0
.
U..)1J
~
o •• (you, a man)
~ reco gnize/will
ta'rif recognize
J. ~
o ••
~ ') (you, a man)
Carry/will carry
0.
taHmil
. (.;
~
w1 . ~
(you, a man) ' .
tell / will tell a lie
takdhib
o
(..J--lU
~ ...
o~

(you, a man)
Feel/will fell happy
tafral-l
~ ~
fJ..~ (you, a man)
Know/will know
ta'Iam
o ~
0 ~ ...
:
(you, a man)
y~
Drink/will drink
tashrab
~ ~
WSo .- (you, a man)
.Y
Get / will get into
tarkab
o~

u~ (you, a man)
Play/will play
tal'ab
J.. ~

~
(you, a man)
Thank/will thank
tashkur /

• J. ~
.. So ..1 (you, a man)
, l'"
) Keep /will keep
taskut . silence
Jo ~
(you, a
.llb,
0
L
man )demand/will
taTlub 1----.
demand
2~
~\.J (you, a man)
Order/ will order
ta'mur
J ~
o "0 ._
..l!y (you, a man)
Sleep/will sleep
tarqud

14.6 EXERCISE 3
In the previous exercise you have learnt how to form Prohibitive
Verb from different patterns of verbs. The Prohibitive too like
) Imperative, Perfect and Imperfect verbs differs in number and
gender. Learn the Prohibitive conjugation in the following chart.
28
 At the Dining Table
The first three examples are done for you. Always remember that the ;;:; . ..
~W:.l1~~G. ~
vowel signs on all the letters will remain the same. Only the suffixes
of gender and number will be added. These verbs have been used in
the previous units:

Imperative Imperative Imperative Imperative

Masculine Masculine Feminine Feminine
Singular Plural Singular' Plural

y~'i
o ~ ~
\ J.~
o
: •••
~ ~
'i o ~
o
: •••
~ ~
;; ~ . e >
o
.... 'i
•
~ ,

~~ ~~ ~~
-~
Hitashrab Hitashrabu Hitashrabi Hitashrabna
~ ~ , ~ ~ , , ,

~'i r.Jzh}.".:1' ' 'i

,0 ••
(.$ ~ ~.
o 'i
HI
,0
I;:" I
••
~'i
la tajlis la tajlisii la tajlisl la tajlisna
).
0, , 0, ~ o~ ~ 0 o~ ~

~~'i 1:,s'jIJ 'i ~J.

~ Y='
'1 ••••
(fi~'1
La tatruk la tatrukii la tatruki la tatrukna
....0 ........

~'i
la taftaR _.
~ ~
~'i
la tajlis
o ). , ,

~~'i
la tadkhul
~ 0~ ~

\~ 'i
la taqra'
o ~ ~

~~'i
la tadhhab ..
~' , ~
tLu'i
la tamla'
, ~ ,
0.0
~.'. to'
•• 'i
la taSna'
0 0, ,

~'i
la taghsil
~ ~
o 0 •• 'i
t7 Y
la tarji'
29
 o~ ~
Reading and Writing-In 0

JjlJ
~
'1
la tanzil
0 ~ ~
w~'1
~
la ta'rif
o~ ~

~'1
la tafham
o~ ~

~'1
la tanhaD
o ~ ~

"YP'1
la tashrab
o~ ~

~'1 .'

la tal 'ab .<

Jo ~ ~
0
, ."S, '1
la taktub
J 0 ~ ~

~'1
la tashkur
o ~ ~

~~'1
la takhmj
Jo ~ ~
YlbJ '1
la taTlub
o J ~~ ~

~\.:j'1
la ta'khudh
~~ ~
-Y\.:jy
la ta'mur
e J ~~ ~

JS\.:j'1
la ta'kul

14.7 EXERCISE 4
Translate the following meanings into Arabic, These verbs have
already been used in the previous exercises, While writing the
30 Arabic words pronounce them loudly,
 At the Dining Table
English Arabic English Arabic ~ .. ~
~~I~~l..~
(you, many (you, many
women) women) Don't ••
Don't listen ask
(you, a man) (you, a woman)
Don't enter Don't go out
(you, many
(you, a woman) .,
men)
Don't go out
Don't take
(you, many
(you, a man)
women)
Don't work
Don't write
(you, many
(you, a woman)
men)
Don't play
Don't sit down
(you, many
(you a man)
women)
Don't open
Don't sit
(you many
(you, a woman)
men)
Don't ask
Don't go
(you many (you, many
women) men)
Don't read Don't drink

14.8 EXERCISE 5
(This exercise has been designed to examine, through translation,
the ability of making a little bit long sentences).

Translate the following sentences into Arabic:

English Arabic
(you, many men) Don't enter
into the classroom.
(you, a woman) Don't write your
name in the notebook.
(you, many woman) Don't sit on
the chair.
(you, many men) Don't drink
this water.
(you, a woman) Don't go to the
blackboard.
31
Reading and Writing-Ill (you, many women) Don't read
your lesson in a loud voice.
(you, a man) Don't open that
window.
(you, many men) Don't
understand the lesson.
(you, many women) Don't ask
the teacher.
(You, many men) Don't wash
~
the face. • !

(you, a woman) Don't eat the

lunch.
(you, many women) Don't go to
the market.
(you many men) Don't sit in
front of the door.
(you, a woman) Don't read this
book.
(you, many women) Don't write
on the blackboard.

14.9 WRITING SKILLS

The following exercises are designed to help you Improve your

Arabic writing skills.

14.10 EXERCISE 1
In the following exercise three and four -lettered words are given.
Each letter of these words is written in its isolated form. With
each word its transliteration is also given. When you write a word,
pronounce it loudly also.
,;

.
wJ\ I
adab I
. ~\
U,.
idhn

,)J I
dar

lYl.JJ
32 dars
 ,
')J~
.
At the Dining Table
;'WJI
. -
~~t.:.~
dill

lJJ~
dun

'-:i~.)
radl
.. .
'-'.).)
rizq

[J')
.
.. zawi
..
"" '-'.)J
waraq
..
U.)J
wazan

lJJJ
dun
u.:.a .)1"
arD

~i.)
ra's
"
" (.SI.)
..
ra'yi

.)IJ
dsr

t.)J
dir'

~.)JI"
adraka

lJ1jj
adhan
33
Reading and Writing-Ill
:;I..,J
~
dawat

tl.J~
dhira'

~jl.J
raziq
tSJ1..,
..
wadi
~ .JI..,
warith

14.11 EXERCISE 2

In this exercise three -lettered words are given for practice. In these
words either the first two letters are written jointly and the third
letter is written in the isolated form or the first letter is written in its
isolated form and the second and third letters are written jointly,
Write the following words and pronounce them loudly:

LH~
. I
ibn
~
~I
abI
~
~I
ukht
~
~I
akhadha

~J
ila
- .",
~
~I
ams
~
lil
ana
 At the Dining Table
~ :;. . ..
~\ ;"W::JI~~L.~

anti
I

~.
. ~\
ayna
o.l:l..

jaddah

~~

dakhala

~~

dhaki

~~

dhalika
.
.
~J

dhahaba

~j
rajul
..
~~
siiq
-'
~~
fawq
J.;
nazala
o.l.\
.
hadhih

r-~
yawm
-
14.12 EXERCISE 3

In this exercise the transliteration of three -lettered words are given

for practice. In these words either the first two letters are written
jointly and the third letter is written in the isolated form or the first
letter is written in its isolated form and the second and third letters
35
 Reading and Writing-Ill are written jointly. Write the following words and pronounce them
loudly:

'am
athar
ba'a
bab

badan

dhat
~.
far'

.. hadha

Har

jaf

khaS

mal

mawt

nar
qala
qawm

rasm

rijl

Sadr

Sawt
,
sha'n

(, waTan

Daraba

dhikr

36