05

Quadratic Equations

An algebraic expression of the form a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + K + an x n , where n Î N , IN THIS CHAPTER ....
is called a polynomial. It is generally denoted by p( x ), g( x ), f ( x ), q( x ), etc. Real and Complex Polynomial
Identity and Equation
Real and Complex Polynomial
Roots of an Equation
If a0 , a1 , a2 ,... , an are real numbers and x is a real variable, then
Remainder and Factor Theorem
f ( x ) = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + .... + an x n is known as a real polynomial with real
Quadratic Equation
coefficients, if a0 , a1 , a2 ,.... , an are complex numbers and x is a varying
Nature of Roots
complex number, then f ( x ) = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + .... + an x n is called a complex
Relation between Coefficients
polynomial with complex coefficients.
and Roots of an Equation
e.g. x 2 + 3x + 7 is a real polynomial whereas x 2 + ( 3 + 2 i ) x + ( 7 + 3 i ) is a
Formation of an Equation with
complex polynomial. Given Roots
Symmetric Function
Identity and Equation
Condition for Common Root(s)
A statement of equality of two expressions which is satisfied for each value
of variable is called an identity. Different Conditions for Roots

e.g. ( x - 4)2 + 8x = x 2 + 16 is an identity. Quadratic Expression

A statement of equality between two expressions which is satisfied for definite Possible Graph of Quadratic
values of variable, is known as an equation. Expression

e.g. x 2 - 5x + 6 = 0 is an equation, which is not satisfied for any value of x Position of Roots of a Quadratic
Equation
except 2 and 3.
Maximum and Minimum Value
of ax2 + bx + c
Roots of an Equation
The values of a variable in an equation which satisfied the given equation are
known as roots of an equation i.e. if f ( x ) = 0 is a polynomial equation and
f ( a ) = 0, then a is a root of f ( x ) = 0.
e.g. If f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0
and f( -1) = ( -1) + 3 ( -1) + 2 = 1 + 2 - 3 = 0 Þ f( - 1) = 0
\ - 1 is a root of f ( x ) = 0.
108 JEE Main Mathematics

Example 1. Two non-integer roots of Example 3. Let p, q ÎR. If 2 - 3 is a root of the quadratic
æ 3x - 1 ö
4
æ 3x - 1 ö
2
equation, x 2 + px + q = 0, then (JEE Main 2019)
ç ÷ -5 ç ÷ + 4 = 0 are
è2x + 3ø è2x + 3ø 2
(a) q - 4p - 16 = 0
(a) -5 / 7, - 2 / 5 (b) - 2 / 5, 7 / 5 (b) p 2 - 4q - 12 = 0
(c) 5 / 7, 7 / 5 (d) - 2/5, 3/5 (c) p 2 - 4q + 12 = 0
æ 3x - 1 ö
2
(d) q 2 + 4p + 14 = 0
Sol. (a) Let ç ÷ =t
è 2x + 3 ø Sol. (b) Given quadratic equation is x2 + px + q = 0 , where
Then, given equation becomes p, q Î R having one root 2 - 3 , then other root is 2 + 3
t 2 - 5t + 4 = 0 Þ (t - 1) (t - 4) = 0 Þ t = 1or 4 [conjugate of 2 - 3]
3x - 1 So, sum of roots = - p = 4 Þ p = -4
When, t = 1, then = ±1
2x + 3 and product of roots = q = 4 - 3 Þ q = 1
-2 Now, from options p 2 - 4q - 12 = 16 - 4 - 12 = 0
Þ x = 4,
5
3x - 1 Nature of Roots
and when, t = 4 then = ±2
2x + 3
(i) The roots are real and distinct, iff D > 0.
Þ x = - 7,- 5 / 7 (ii) The roots are real and equal, iff D = 0.
Thus, two non-integer roots of given equation are - 2 / 5, - 5 / 7.
(iii) The roots are complex with non-zero imaginary
part, iff D < 0.
Quadratic Equation (iv) The roots are rational, iff a , b, c are rational and D is
If f ( x ) is a quadratic polynomial. Then, f ( x ) = 0 is known perfect square.
as quadratic equation. The general form of a quadratic (v) The roots are of the form p + q ( p, q Î Q ), iff a , b, c
equation is ax 2 + bx + c = 0, " a , b, c Î R or C and a ¹ 0. are rational and D is not a perfect square.
(vi) If a = 1, b, c Î I and the roots are rational numbers,
Roots of a Quadratic Equation then these roots must be integers.
Roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are (vii) If a quadratic equation in x has more than two roots,
then it is an identity in x that is a = b = c = 0.
- b + b2 - 4ac - b - b2 - 4ac
and , where b2 - 4ac is
2a 2a Example 4. The number of integral values of m for which
known as discriminant and it is denoted by D. equation (1 + m 2) x 2 - 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0, has no real root
If in a quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a , b, c are is (JEE Main 2019)
complex numbers, then we cannot assign positive or (a) 3 (b) infinitely many
negative sign to the discriminant. (c) 1 (d) 2
If one root of an equation is a + b or a + ib, then another
Sol. (b) Given quadratic equation is
root of an equation will be a - b or a - ib, respectively.
(1 + m2) x2 - 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0 …(i)
Example 2. The product of the roots of the equation Now, discriminant
9 x 2 - 18| x| + 5 = 0, is (JEE Main 2020)
D = [ -2(1 + 3m)]2 - 4(1 + m2)(1 + 8m)
5 25 5 25 = 4 [(1 + 3m) 2 - (1 + m2)(1 + 8m)]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
27 9 9 81 = 4 [1 + 9m2 + 6m - (1 + 8m + m2 + 8m3)]
Sol. (d) Given equation 9x2 - 18| x| + 5 = 0 = 4 [ -8m3 + 8m2 - 2m]
Þ 9| x|2 - 18| x| + 5 = 0 = - 8m( 4m2 - 4m + 1)
Þ 9| x|2 - 15| x| - 3| x| + 5 = 0 = - 8m(2m - 1) 2
Þ 3| x|(3| x| - 5) - 1(3| x| - 5) = 0 According to the question there is no solution of the
1 5 quadratic Eq. (i), then
Þ | x| = , D <0
3 3
1 5 \ -8m(2m - 1) 2 < 0
Þ x=± ,±
3 3 Þ m>0
-
æ öæ öæ öæ ö
1 1 5 - 5 25 So, there are infinitely many values of ‘m’ for which, there is
So, product of roots = ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ =
è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø 81 no solution of the given quadratic equation.
Quadratic Equations 109

Relation between Coefficients and Formation of an Equation

Roots of an Equation with Given Roots
(i) Quadratic Equation If a and b are the roots of (i) Quadratic Equation If a and b are the roots of a
the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , then quadratic equation, then the equation will be
x 2 - (a + b )x + a b = 0.
b
Sum of roots, a + b = - (ii) Cubic Equation If a , b and g are the roots of a
a
cubic equation, then the equation will be
c
Product of roots, ab = x3 - (a + b + g ) x2 + (ab + bg + ga) x - abg = 0.
a
(ii) Cubic Equation If a , b and g are the roots of a Example 6. If a and b are the roots of equation
cubic equation ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0, then 2 x 2 - 5 x + 7 = 0, then the equation whose roots are

Sum of roots, a + b + g = -
b
, 2 a + 3 b and 3 a + 2 b, is
a (a) 2x2 - 25x + 82 = 0 (b) 2x2 + 25x + 82 = 0
c 2
Product of two roots, ab + bg + ga = (c) x - 25x + 82 = 0 (d) None of these
a
d Sol. (a) Since, a and b be the roots of the equation
Product of three roots, abg = -
a 2x2 - 5x + 7 = 0 , then
5 7
Example 5. If the roots of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 are a + b = and ab =
2 2
in the same ratio as those of the equation x 2 + lx + m = 0, then æ 25 ö
Now, sum of roots = (2 a + 3 b) + (3 a + 2 b) = 5( a + b) = ç ÷
2 è2ø
p m is equal to
and product of roots = (2 a + 3 b)(3 a + 2 b)
(a) lq
(b) l 2q = 6 ( a 2 + b 2) + 13 ab

(c) lq 2 = 6 [( a + b) 2 - 2 ab ] + 13 ab
(d) None of the above é æ 25 ö 91ù
= ê6 ´ ç - 7÷ + ú = 41
ë è 4 ø 2û
Sol. (b) Let the roots of each equation be in the ratio k :1.
The required equation is
Let ka and a be the roots of x2 + px + q = 0 . 25
x2 - x + 41 = 0
Then, ka + a = - p and ka × a = q 2
-p q Þ 2x2 - 25x + 82 = 0
Þ a= and a 2 =
k+1 k
æ -p ö q
2 Symmetric Function
Þ ç ÷ = A function of a and b is said to be a symmetric function,
è k + 1ø k
if it remains unchanged when a and b are interchanged.
k q
Þ 2
= 2 …(i) Let a and b be the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
(k + 1) p b c
then a + b = - and a b =
Again, let kb and b be the roots of x2 + lx + m = 0 . a a
Then, kb + b = - l and kb × b = m The following results may be useful.

Þ b=-
l
and b 2 =
m (i) a 2 + b 2 = (a + b )2 - 2 ab
k+1 k (ii) a 3 + b3 = (a + b )3 - 3 ab(a + b )
2
æ -l ö m (iii) a 4 + b 4 = [(a + b )2 - 2 ab ]2 - 2 (ab )2
Þ ç ÷ =
è k + 1ø k
(iv) (a - b ) = (a + b )2 - 4 ab
k m
Þ 2
= 2 …(ii) (v) a 2 - b 2 = (a + b ) (a + b )2 - 4 ab
(k + 1) l
(vi) a 3 - b3 = (a - b )[(a + b )2 - a b ]
Thus, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
q m = [ (a + b )2 - 4ab ] [(a + b )2 - ab ]
=
p2 l 2 (vii) a 4 - b 4 = (a + b )(a - b )(a 2 + b 2 )
2 2
Þ p m=l q = (a + b ) [ (a + b )2 - 4 ab ] [(a + b )2 - 2 ab ]
110 JEE Main Mathematics

Example 7. If a and b are the roots of the equation, This is the condition for roots of two quadratic
a b equations to be common.
7x 2 - 3x - 2 = 0, then the value of + is equal to
1- a 2 1- b2 (b) When two common roots In such a case, two
(JEE Main 2020) equations should be identical. The ratio of
27 1 3 27 coefficients of x 2 , x1 and x 0 must be same
(a) (b) (c) (d)
32 24 8 16 a b c
i.e., = =
Sol. (d) Given quadratic equation 7x2 – 3x – 2 = 0 has roots a and b. a ¢ b¢ c¢
3 2
So, a + b = and ab = - × Example 9. Let l ¹ 0 be in R. If a and b are the roots of
7 7
the equation, x 2 - x + 2 l = 0 and a and g are the roots of the
a b a – ab 2 + b – ba 2 bg
Now, + = equation, 3x 2 - 10 x + 27l = 0, then is equal to
1 – a 2 1 – b 2 1 – ( a 2 + b 2) + a 2b 2 l
( a + b) – ab( a + b) (JEE Main 2020)
= (a) 36 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 18
1 – [( a + b) 2 – 2ab ] + ( ab) 2
3 2 æ3ö Sol. (d) It is given that a is a common roots of given quadratic
+ ç ÷
7 7 è7ø equations x2 – x + 2l = 0 and 3x2 – 10 x + 27l = 0
=
éæ3ö2 4ù 4 \ 3 a 2 – 10 a + 27l = 0
1– ê ç ÷ + ú + 3 a 2 - 3 a + 6l = 0
êë è 7 ø 7 úû 49
– + –
21 + 6 27 0 – 7a + 21l = 0 Þ a = 3l
= =
49 – 37 + 4 16 1
So, 9l2 – 3l + 2l = 0 Þ l = [Q l ¹ 0 ]
Example 8. If m is chosen in the quadratic equation 9
(m 2 + 1) x 2 - 3x + (m 2 + 1) 2 = 0 such that the sum of its roots is 1
Þ a=
3
greatest, then the absolute difference of the cubes of its roots is 1
(JEE Main 2019) 2´
2l 9 =2
(a) 10 5 (b) 8 5 (c) 8 3 (d) 4 3 As ab = 2l Þ b = =
a 1/ 3 3
Sol. (b) Given quadratic equation is 1
(m2 + 1) x2 - 3x + (m2 + 1) 2 = 0 9´
…(i) 9l 9 =3
and ag = 9l Þ g = =
Let the roots of quadratic Eq. (i) are a and b, so a 1/ 3
3 2
a+b= 2 and ab = m2 + 1 ´3
m +1 bg 3
\ = = 18
According to the question, the sum of roots is greatest and it l 1/ 9
is possible only when ‘‘(m2 + 1) is min’’ and ‘‘min value of
m2 + 1 = 1, when m = 0’’. Example 10. If the equations x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 and
\ a + b = 3 and ab = 1, as m = 0 ax 2 + bx + c = 0; a, b, c Î R, have a common root, then a : b : c
Now, the absolute difference of the cubes of roots is equal to (JEE Main 2013)
= | a3 - b3| = | a - b || a 2 + b 2 + ab | (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 1 : 2
= ( a + b) 2 - 4ab |( a + b) 2 - ab| Sol. (a) Given equations are
= 9 - 4 | 9 - 1| = 8 5 x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 …(i)
2
and ax + bx + c = 0 …(ii)
Condition for Common Roots (s) Since, Eq. (i) has imaginary roots.
Consider two equations So, Eq. (ii) will also have both roots common as Eq. (i).
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and a ¢ x 2 + b¢ x + c¢ = 0 a b c
Thus, = =
(a) When one common root Let a be the common 1 2 3
roots of two equations, then Hence, a : b : c is 1 : 2 : 3.
aa 2 + ba + c = 0 and a ¢ a 2 + b¢ a + c¢ = 0
On solving the two equations, we get Different Conditions for Roots
a2 a 1 (i) If b is of opposite sign as compared to a and c, then
= =
bc¢ - b¢ c a ¢ c - ac¢ ab¢ - a ¢ b both roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are positive.
a ¢ c - ac¢ 2 bc¢ - b¢ c
Þ a= ,a = (ii) If a , b and c are all of same sign, then both roots of
ab¢ - a ¢ b ab¢ - a ¢ b
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are negative.
Þ ( bc¢ - b¢ c)( ab¢ - a ¢ b) = ( a ¢ c - ac¢ )2
Quadratic Equations 111

(iii) If there is no term containing coefficient of x, then Possible Graph of Quadratic Expression
both the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are
Let a quadratic expression is f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c ×
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
(iv) If a and c are of opposite signs, then both the roots of Here, two cases arise.
the equation are of opposite sign. Case I When a > 0
(v) If the roots of ax 2 + bx + c are reciprocal to each Y-axis Y-axis
other, then c = a.

Example 11. If a ¹ b, then the roots of the equation

2 ( a 2 + b 2) x 2 + 2 ( a + b) x + 1 = 0 are
X-axis X-axis
(a) real and distinct
(b) real and equal D=0 D<0
f(x) = 0 has real f(x) = 0 does not
(c) imaginary and equal roots. have real roots.
(d) None of th above f(x) ³ 0 for f(x) > 0 for
all x Î R all x Î R
Sol. (c) The given equation is 2 ( a2 + b2) x2 + 2 ( a + b) x + 1 = 0
(a) (b)

Now, D = 4 ( a + b) 2 - 8( a2 + b2) Y-axis

= - 4 ( a2 + b2 - 2ab) = - 4 ( a - b) 2 < 0 (Q a - b ¹ 0)
Hence, the roots of the given equation are imaginary. X-axis
x=a O x=b

Quadratic Expression D>0

Roots of f(x) = 0 are
An expression of the form ax 2 + bx + c, where a , b, c Î R real and distinct.
and a ¹ 0 is called a quadratic expression in x. So, in f(x) > 0, if x < a or x > b
general quadratic expression is represented as (c) and f(x) < 0, if a < x < b
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c Case II When a < 0
2 Y-axis Y-axis
or y = ax + bx + c
X-axis O X-axis
Graph of a Quadratic Expression D<0 D=0
f (x) = 0 does not f (x) = 0 has real
We have, y = ax 2 + bx + c = f ( x ) ( a ¹ 0) have real roots. and equal roots.
éæ bö D ù
2 f (x) < 0 for f (x) £ 0 for
Þ y = a êçx + ÷ - ú all x Î R all x Î R
êë è 2a ø 4a 2 úû
2 (d) (e)
æ Dö æ bö
or çy + ÷ = a çx + ÷ Y-axis
è 4a ø è 2a ø
x=a
D b x=b
Now, let y + = Y and x + =X O
X-axis
4a 2a
\ Y = aX 2
Y
Þ X2 = D>0
a Roots of f (x) = 0 are
(i) The shape of the curve y = f ( x ) is parabolic. real and distinct.
f (x) < 0, if x < a or x > b
(ii) The axis of parabola is X = 0
and f (x) > 0, if a < x < b
b
or x + = 0, i.e. parallel to y-axis.
2a Position of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
(iii) (a) If a > 0, then the parabola opens upwards.
Let f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c; a , b, c Î R, a ¹ 0 and a , b be the
(b) If a < 0, then the parabola opens downwards.
roots of f ( x ) = 0. Suppose k, k1 , k2 Î R and k1 < k2. Then, the
X-axis
following hold good
a>0
a<0 (i) Conditions for a number k
X-axis [If both the roots of f ( x ) = 0 are less than k]
112 JEE Main Mathematics

b, D (a) D ³ 0 (roots may be equal)

a>0 –
2a 4a
b f (k) (b) af ( k1 ) > 0
2a k (c) af ( k2 ) > 0
X-axis X-axis
a b k a b
b b
b, 2a f (k) (d) k1 < - < k2, where a £ b and k1 < k2.
– D 2a
2a 4a a<0
(a) D ³ 0 (roots may be equal) (vi) Conditions for numbers k1 and k2
b
(b) af ( k) > 0 (c) k > - , where a £ b [If k1 and k2 lie between the roots of f ( x ) = 0]
2a
f (k1) f (k2)
(ii) Conditions for a number k a>0
k2
a k X-axis
[If both the roots of f ( x ) = 0 are greater than k] k1 k2 1 k2 b
a X-axis
a>0 b, D b
– a<0
f (k) b 2a 4a f (k1) f (k2)
2a
k
k a b
X-axis a X-axis (a) D > 0 (b) af ( k1 ) < 0
b b
b, D
f ( k) 2a (c) af ( k2 ) < 0, where a < b.
–
2a 4a a<0
Example 12. If both the roots of the quadratic equation
-b x 2 - mx + 4 = 0 are real and distinct and they lie in the interval
(a) D ³ 0 (b) af ( k) > 0 (c) > k where a £ b
2a [1, 5] then m lies in the interval (JEE Main 2019)
(iii) Conditions for a number k (a) (4, 5) (b) ( -5, - 4) (c) (5, 6) (d) (3, 4)
[If k lies between the roots of f ( x ) = 0] Sol. (a) According to given information, we have the
b, D following graph
a>0 –
2a 4a Y
f (k)
k X-axis
X-axis a
a b k b
f ( k)
b, D
– a<0
2a 4a X
O 1 5
(a) D > 0
(b) af ( k) < 0 where, a < b Now, the following conditions should satisfy
(iv) Conditions for numbers k1 and k2 (i) D > 0 Þ b 2 - 4ac > 0
[If exactly one root of f ( x ) = 0 lies in the interval Þ m2 - 4 ´ 1 ´ 4 > 0
( k1 , k2 )]
Þ m2 - 16 > 0
a>0 f (k2)
f (k1)
k1
X-axis Þ (m - 4) (m + 4) > 0
f (k1) a k2 b Þ m Î ( - ¥ , - 4) È ( 4, ¥ )
X-axis
k1 a k2 b
a<0
(ii) The vertex of the parabola should lie
f (k2) between x = 1and x = 5
b m
\ - Î (1, 5) Þ1 < < 5
(a) D > 0 2a 2
(b) f ( k1 ) f ( k2 ) < 0, where a < b Þ m Î(2, 10)
(iii) f(1) > 0 Þ1 - m + 4 > 0 Þ m < 5 Þ m Î ( -¥ , 5)
(v) Conditions for numbers k1 and k2
(iv) f(5) > 0 Þ 25 - 5m + 4 > 0 Þ 5m < 29
[If both roots of f ( x ) = 0 lies between k1 and k2 ]
æ 29 ö
Þ m Î ç - ¥, ÷
b, D è 5ø
a>0 –
2a 4a
f (k1) f (k2) From the values of m obtained in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we
k1 k2 get m Î( 4, 5).
X-axis X-axis
k1 a b k2 a b
f (k1) f (k2)
b, D –¥ ¥
– a<0 –4 2 4 5 29/5
2a 4a
 Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems

Roots of Quadratic Equation 2 2

8. How many roots of the equation x - =1-
x-1 x-1
1. If one root of the equation
have?
x 2 + (1 - 3i) x - 2 (1 + i) = 0 is -1 + i, then the other
(a) One (b) Two
root is
(c) Infinite (d) None of these
-1 - i
(a) -1 - i (b) (c) i (d) 2i
2 9. The number of real solutions of the equation
|x 2 + 4 x + 3|+ 2 x + 5 = 0 are
2. If the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are of the (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
k+1 k+ 2
form and , then ( a + b + c) 2 is equal to 4
10. The roots of the equation x - 8 x - 9 = 0 are 2
k k+1
(a) ± 1, ± i (b) ± 3, ± i
(a) b2 - 4ac (b) b2 - 2ac (c) ± 2 , ± i (d) None of these
(c) 2b2 - ac (d) Sa 2
11. If the roots of the equation 8 x 3 - 14 x 2 + 7 x - 1 = 0
3. If a and b are the roots of the equation
are in GP, then the roots are
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and Sn = a n + b n , then 1 1
(a) 1, , (b) 2 , 4, 8
aSn + 1 + bSn + cSn - 1 is equal to 2 4
(a) 0 (b) abc (c) 3, 6, 12 (d) None of these
(c) a + b + c (d) None of these
12. If 2 + i 3 is a root of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0,
2
4. If a , b are the roots of ax + bx + c = 0 ( a ¹ 0) and where p and q are real, then ( p, q) is equal to
a + h, b + h are the roots of px 2 + qx + r = 0 ( p ¹ 0), (a) (- 4, 7) (b) (4, - 7)
then the ratio of the squares of their discriminants is (c) (4, 7) (d) (- 4, - 7)
(a) a 2 : p2 (b) a : p2 13. The number of real roots of 32 x
2
- 7x + 7
= 9 is
(c) a 2 : p (d) a : 2 p
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4
5. If one real root of the quadratic equation
14. Rational roots of the equation
81x 2 + kx + 256 = 0 is cube of the other root, then a
2 x 4 + x 3 - 11x 2 + x + 2 = 0 are
value of k is (JEE Main 2019) 1 1 1
(a) and 2 (b) ,2 , , - 2
(a) 100 (b) 144 2 2 4
(c) - 81 (d) - 300 1 1 3
(c) , 2 , 3, 4 (d) , 2 , , - 2
6. The roots of the equation 2 2 4
|2 x - 1|2 - 3|2 x - 1|+ 2 = 0 are 15. The roots of the given equation
ì 1 1ü
(a) í - , 0, ý
ì 1 3ü
(b) í - , 0, ý
( p - q) x 2 + ( q - r) x + ( r - p) = 0 are
î 2 2þ î 2 2þ p-q q-r r-p q-r
(a) , 1 (b) ,1 (c) ,1 (d) 1,
ì 3 1 ü ì 1 3ü r-p p-q p-q p-q
(c) í - , , 0, 1ý (d) í - , 0, 1, ý
î 2 2 þ î 2 2þ p
16. If 2 sin 2 is a root of the equation x 2 + ax + b = 0,
7. The number of real roots of the equation 8
where a and b are rational numbers, then a - b is
esin x - e- sin x - 4 = 0 are
equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 5 3 1 1
(c) infinite (d) None of these (a) - (b) - (c) - (d)
2 2 2 2
114 JEE Main Mathematics

17. tan a and tan b are the roots of the equation 26. If the roots of
2
x + ax + b = 0, then the value of ( a 2 + b2 ) x 2 - 2 ( bc + ad) x + c 2 + d 2 = 0 are equal,
then
sin 2 (a + b) + a sin (a + b) cos (a + b) + b cos2 (a + b) a c a b
is equal to (a) = (b) + =0
b d c d
a a b
(a) ab (b) b (c) (d) a (c) = (d) a + b = c + d
b d c
18. The coefficient of x in the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 27. Let f ( x) = x 2 + ax + b; a, b Î R. If
was taken as 17 in place of 13 its roots were found f (1) + f ( 2) + f (3) = 0, then the roots of the equation
to be - 2 and -15. The roots of the original equation f ( x) = 0
are (a) are imaginary
(a) 3, 10 (b) -3, - 10 (b) are real and equal
(c) -5, - 8 (d) None of these (c) are from the set {1, 2, 3}
(d) real and distinct
19. Two students while solving a quadratic equation in
x, one copied the constant term incorrectly and got 28. If sin a , sin b and cosa are in GP, then roots of
the roots 3 and 2. The other copied the constant x 2 + 2 x cot b + 1 = 0 are always
term coefficient of x 2 correctly as -6 and 1 (a) real (b) real and negative
respectively the correct roots are (c) greater than one (d) non-real
(a) 3, - 2 (b) - 3, 2 (c) - 6, - 1 (d) 6, - 1
29. If one root of equation x 2 + ax + 12 = 0 is 4 while
3 2
20. If a, b, g are the roots of x + 2 x - 3x - 1 = 0, then the equation x 2 + ax + b = 0 has equal roots, then
-2 -2 -2
a +b +g is equal to the value of b is
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 4 49 7 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
49 4 4 7
21. If the roots of the given equation
(cos p - 1) x 2 + (cos p) x + sin p = 0 are real, then 30. The solution set of the equation
æ p pö pqx 2 - ( p + q) 2 x + ( p + q) 2 = 0 is
(a) p Î (- p , 0) (b) p Î ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø
ì p qü ì pü
(a) í , ý (b) í pq, ý
(c) p Î (0, p ) (d) p Î ( 0, 2p ) î q pþ î q þ
ìq ü ì p + q p + qü
Nature of Roots (c) í , pqý (d) í , ý
îp þ î p q þ
22. The number of all possible positive integral values
of a for which the roots of the quadratic equation, 31. If sin a and cos a are the roots of the equation
6 x 2 - 11x + a = 0 are rational numbers is ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then
(JEE Main 2019) (a) a 2 - b 2 + 2 ac = 0
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3 (b) (a - c) 2 = b 2 + c 2
23. The number of integral values of m for which the (c) a 2 + b 2 - 2 ac = 0
(d) a 2 + b 2 + 2 ac = 0
quadratic expression, (1 + 2 m) x 2 - 2 (1 + 3m)
x + 4 (1 + m), x Î R, is always positive, is 32. If a, b are the roots of x 2 + px + 1 = 0, and c, d are
(JEE Main 2019) the roots of x 2 + qx + 1 = 0, the value of
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 3 E = ( a - c) ( b - c) ( a + d) ( b + d) is
24. For a positive integer n, if the quadratic equation, (a) p2 - q2 (b) q2 - p2
x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) ( x + 2) + . . . (c) q2 + p2 (d) None of these
+ ( x + n - 1) ( x + n) = 10 n has two consecutive 33. If the product of the roots of the equation
integral solutions, then n is equal to (JEE Main 2016) ( a + 1) x 2 + ( 2 a + 3) x + (3a + 4) = 0 is 2, then the
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11 sum of roots is
2 2 (a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2
25. If P ( x) = ax + bx + c and Q ( x) = - ax + dx + c,
2
where ac ¹ 0, then P ( x) Q ( x) = 0 has atleast 34. If [ x ] = [ x + 2 ] , where [ x ] = the greatest integer
(a) four real roots (b) two real roots less than or equal to x, then x must be such that
(c) four imaginary roots (d) None of these (a) x = 2, - 1 (b) [-1, 0) È [2, 3)
(c) x Î [-1, 0) (d) None of these
Quadratic Equations 115

35. If a , b and g are the roots of the equation (a) both negative (b) both positive
1 1 1 (c) both real
x 3 - 7 x + 7 = 0, then + + is (d) one negative and one positive
a 4 b4 g 4
(a) 7/3 (b) 3/7 (c) 4/7 (d) 7/4 46. If a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then both the roots of the
a b equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
36. If the roots of the equation + = 1 be (a) are real and negative (b) have negative real part
x-a x-b
(c) are rational numbers (d) None of these
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, then a + b
is equal to 47. If ( ax 2 + c) y + ( a ¢ x 2 + c¢ ) = 0 and x is a rational
(a) 0 (b) 1 function of y and ac is negative, then
a c
(c) 2 (d) None of these (a) ac¢ + a ¢ c = 0 (b) =
a ¢ c¢
1 1 1
37. If the roots of the equation + = are (c) a 2 + c2 = a ¢ 2 + c¢ 2 (d) aa ¢ + cc¢ = 1
x+ p x+q r
48. If roots of the equation ( a - b) x 2 + ( c - a) x + ( b - c) = 0
equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, then the are equal, then a, b and c are in
product of the roots will be (a) AP (b) HP
p2 + q 2 ( p2 + q 2 ) p2 - q 2 ( p2 - q 2 ) (c) GP (d) None of these
(a) (b) - (c) (d) -
2 2 2 2
49. If the roots of the equation ( p 2 + q2 ) x 2 - 2 q( p + r) x
38. The least value of|a|for which tan q and cot q are + ( q2 + r 2 ) = 0 be real and equal, then p, q and r will
2
roots of the equation x + ax + 1 = 0, is be in
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 0 (a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None of these
39. The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation
(5 + 2 ) x 2 - ( 4 + 5 ) x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is 50. Let a and b be the roots of the equation
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8 a
x 2 - px + r = 0 and , 2 b be the roots of the
40. If a + b + c = 0, then the roots of the equation 2
equation x 2 - qx + r = 0. Then, the value of r is
4 ax 2 + 3bx + 2 c = 0 are
2 2
(a) equal (b) imaginary (a) ( p - q)(2q - p) (b) (q - p)(2 p - q)
9 9
(c) real (d) None of these
2 2
(c) (q - 2 p)(2q - p) (d) (2 p - q)(2q - p)
41. The integer ‘k’, for which the inequality 9 9
x 2 - 2(3k - 1)x + 8k 2 - 7 > 0 is valid for every x in R is
51. Let a, b, c be in arithmetic progression. Let the
(JEE Main 2021)
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 0 centroid of the triangle with vertices ( a, c), ( 2, b) and
( a, b) be æç , ö÷. If a , b are the roots of the equation
10 7
42. If x 2 + 2 x + 2 xy + my - 3 = 0 has two rational è 3 3ø
factors, then the values of m will be ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0, then the value of a 2 + b 2 - ab is
(a) - 6, - 2 (b) - 6, 2 (c) 6, - 2 (d) 6, 2 (JEE Main 2021)
71 69 69 71
2
43. If the roots of the equation qx + px + q = 0 are (a) (b) - (c) (d) -
256 256 256 256
complex, where p and q are real, then the roots of
52. Let a and b be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0
the equation x 2 - 4 qx + p 2 = 0 are
(a) real and unequal (b) real and equal
1 1
(c) imaginary (d) None of these p ¹ 0. If p, q and r, n AP and + = 4, then the
a b
44. If a < b < c < d, then the roots of the equation
value of|a - b|is
( x - a)( x - c) + 2 ( x - b)( x - d) = 0 are 61 2 17 34 2 13
(a) real and distinct (b) real and equal (a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
(c) imaginary (d) None of these
53. If a, b and c are the sides of DABC such that
45. If the roots of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 are a and a ¹ b ¹ c and x 2 - 2 ( a + b + c) x + 3l
2
b and roots of the equation x - xr + s = 0 are ( ab + bc + ca) = 0 has real roots, then
a 4 and b 4 , then the roots of the equation 4 5 æ4 5ö æ1 5ö
(a) l < (b) l > (c) l Î ç , ÷ (d) l Î ç , ÷
x 2 - 4 qx + 2 q2 - r = 0 are 3 3 è3 3ø è3 3ø
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116 JEE Main Mathematics

Formation of Quadratic Equation 62. If atleast one root of 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0 and

54. Let a , b be the roots of x 2 - 2 x cos f + 1 = 0, then the ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a, b, c Î N is common, then the
equation whose roots are a n and b n , is maximum value of a + b + c is
(a) x 2 - 2x cos nf - 1 = 0 (b) x 2 - 2x cos nf + 1 = 0 (a) 10 (b) 0
(c) x 2 - 2x sin nf + 1 = 0 (d) x 2 + 2x sin nf - 1 = 0 (c) does not exist (d) None of these

55. If a and b be the roots of the equation 63. If the equations 2 ax 2 - 3bx + 4 c = 0 and
2 x 2 + 2 ( a + b) x + a 2 + b2 = 0, then the equation 3x 2 - 4 x + 5 = 0 have a common root, then
whose roots are (a + b) 2 and (a - b) 2 , is ( a + b)/( b + c) is equal to ( a, b, c Î R)
(a) x 2 - 2ab x - (a 2 - b 2)2 = 0 (a) 1/2 (b) 3/35 (c) 34/31 (d) 29/31
(b) x 2 - 4abx - (a 2 - b 2) 2 = 0 64. A value of b for which the equations x 2 + bx - 1 = 0,
(c) x 2 - 4abx + (a 2 - b 2) 2 = 0
x 2 + x + b = 0 have one root in common, is
(d) None of the above
(a) - 2 (b) - i 3 (c) i 5 (d) 2
56. Let a and a 2 be the roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0, then the
equation whose roots are a 31 and a 62 , is Quadratic Expression and
(a) x 2 - x + 1 = 0 (b) x 2 + x - 1 = 0 Position of Roots
(c) x 2 + x + 1 = 0 (d) x 60 + x 30 + 1 = 0 65. The values of ‘a’ for which ( a 2 - 1) x 2 + 2 ( a - 1) x + 2
57. If a and b are the roots of the equation is positive for any x, are
2
ax + bx + c = 0, then the equation whose roots are (a) a ³ 1 (b) a £ 1
1 1 (c) a > - 3 (d) a < - 3 or a > 1
a + and b + , is
b a 66. If the roots of the equation x 2 - 2 ax + a 2 + a - 3 = 0
2 2
(a) ac x + (a + c) bx + (a + c) = 0 are real and less than 3, then
(b) ab x 2 + (a + c) bx + (a + c) 2 = 0
(a) a < 2 (b) 2 £ a £ 3
(c) ac x 2 + (a + b)cx + (a + c) 2 = 0
(c) 3 < a £ 4 (d) a > 4
(d) None of the above
67. If a and b be the roots of the quadratic equation
58. The equation whose roots are the square of the
roots of the equation 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0, is ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and k be a real number, then the
condition, so that a < k < b is given by
(a) 4x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 (b) 4x2 - x + 1 = 0
(c) 4x2 - 5x - 1 = 0 (d) 4x2 - 5x + 1 = 0 (a) ac > 0 (b) ak2 + bk + c = 0
(c) ac < 0 (d) a 2k2 + abk + ac < 0
Condition for Common Roots 68. The values of a for which
59. If atleast one root of the equation 2 x 2 - 2 ( 2 a + 1) x + a ( a + 1) = 0 may have one root
3 2
x + ax + bx + c = 0 remains unchanged, when a, b less than a and other root greater than a are given
and c are decreased by one, then which one of the by
following is always a root of the given equation ? (a) 1 > a > 0 (b) - 1 < a < 0
(a) 1 (c) a ³ 0 (d) a > 0 or a < - 1
(b) -1
(c) w , an imaginary cube root of unity 69. One lies between the roots of the equation
(d) i - x 2 + ax + a = 0, a Î R if and only if a lies in the
interval
60. If the equation 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 l = 0 and x 2 + 2 x + 3l = 0 æ1 ö é 1 ö
(a) ç , ¥ ÷ (b) ê - , ¥ ÷
have a common root, then l is equal to è2 ø ë 2 ø
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 0, - 1 (d) 2 , - 1 æ 1ö æ 1ù
(c) ç - ¥ , ÷ (d) ç - ¥ , ú
è 2ø è 2û
61. If each pair of the equation
x 2 + ax + b = 0, x 2 + bx + c = 0 and x 2 + cx + a = 0 70. If a and b (a < b) are the roots of the equation
has a common root, then product of all common x 2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
roots is (a) 0 < a < b (b) a < 0 < b < |a|
(a) abc (b) 2 abc (c) a < b < 0 (d) a < 0 < |a |< b|
(c) ab + bc + ca (d) 2 ab + bc + ca
Quadratic Equations 117

ROUND II Mixed Bag

Only One Correct Option 8. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the
2
+ 4 x - 60
1. The root of the equation equation ( x 2 - 5 x + 5) x = 1 is (JEE Main 2016)
2
2 (1 + i) x - 4 ( 2 - i) x - 5 - 3 i = 0, where i = -1, (a) 3 (b) - 4 (c) 6 (d) 5
which has greater modulus, is
3 -5i 5 -3i 3+ i 3i + 1
9. If a and b be the roots of x 2 + px + q = 0, then
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 ( wa + w2b)( w2a + wb)
is equal to
2. If a and b are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then the a 2 b2
+
equation ax 2 - bx ( x - 1) + c( x - 1) 2 = 0 has roots b a
a b 1 - a 1 -b q p
(a) , (b) , (a) - (b) a b (c) -
(d) w
1 - a 1 -b a b p q
a b a+1 b+1 (w and w2 are complex cube roots of unity)
(c) , (d) ,
a+1 b+1 a b 10. In writing an equation of the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0;
3. Let a and b be the roots of the equation the coefficient of x is written incorrectly and roots
x 2 - x - 1 = 0. If pk = (a ) k + (b) k, k ³ 1, then which are found to be equal. Again, in writing the same
one of the following statements is not true? equation the constant term is written incorrectly
(JEE Main 2020) and it is found that one root is equal to those of the
(a) p3 = p5 - p4 previous wrong equation while the other is double
(b) ( p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 ) = 26 of it. If a and b be the roots of correct equation,
(c) p5 = p2. p3 then (a - b) 2 is equal to
(d) p5 = 11 (a) 5 (b) 5 a b (c) - 4 a b (d) - 4
4. If a and b are the roots of the equation 2
11. If the equation ax + 2 bx + 3c = 0 and
2 x ( 2 x + 1) = 1, then b is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 3x 2 + 8 x + 15 = 0 have a common root, where
(a) 2a (a + 1) (b) -2a (a + 1) a, b and c are the lengths of the sides of a DABC,
(c) 2a (a - 1) (d) 2a 2 then sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C is equal to
3
5. If a and b be two roots of the equation x 2 - 64 x (a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 2
2
3 1/ 8 3 1/ 8
æa ö æb ö
+ 256 = 0. Then, value of ç 5 ÷ + ç 5÷ is 12. The sum of the solutions of the equation
èb ø èa ø
| x - 2|+ x ( x - 4) + 2 = 0 ( x > 0) is equal to
(JEE Main 2020)
(JEE Main 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
(a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 4 (d) 10
- 1+ i 3 100 100
6. Let a = . If a = (1 + a ) å a 2 k & b= å a 3k, 13. The number of real roots of the equation
2 k= 0 k= 0
5 + |2 x - 1|= 2 x ( 2 x - 2) is (JEE Main 2019)
then a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
(JEE Main 2020)
(a) x2 + 101x + 100 = 0 (b) x2 + 102x + 101 = 0 14. If a and b are the roots of the equation
(c) x2 - 102x + 101 = 0 (d) x2 - 101x + 100 = 0 1 1
x 2 + px + 2 = 0 and and are the roots of the
a b
7. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation,
equation 2 x 2 + 2 qx + 1 = 0, then
p
x + x sin q - 2 sin q = 0, q Î æç0, ö÷, then
2
æa - 1 ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
è 2ø ç ÷ çb - ÷ ça + ÷ çèb + ÷ø is equal to
è aø è bø è bø a
a 12 + b12 (JEE Main 2020)
-12
is equal to
(a + b -12 )(a - b) 24 (JEE Main 2019)
9 9 9 9
(a) (9 + q2) (b) (9 - q2) (c) (9 + p2) (d) (9 - p2)
4 4 4 4
212 26
(a) (b) 15. If the roots of the equation ax 2 - bx + c = 0 are
(sin q + 8)12 (sin q + 8)12
212 212 a and b, then the roots of the equation
(c) (d)
(sin q - 4)12 (sin q - 8)6 b2 cx 2 - ab2 x + a 3 = 0 are
118 JEE Main Mathematics

1 1 1 1 (a) x2 - 2x + 2 = 0 (b) x2 - 2x + 8 = 0
(a) , (b) ,
a + ab b3
3
+ ab a + ab b 2 + ab
2
(c) x2 - 2x + 136 = 0 (d) x2 - 2x + 16 = 0
1 1
(c) 4 , (d) None of these Numerical Value Types Questions
a + ab b 4 + ab
23. Let a and b be two real numbers such that a + b = 1
16. If a, b Î R, a ¹ 0 and the quadratic equation
2 and ab = - 1. Let Pn = (a ) n + (b) n , Pn - 1 = 11 and
ax - bx + 1 = 0 has imaginary roots, then ( a + b + 1)
Pn + 1 = 29 for some integer n ³ 1. Then, the value of
is
Pn2 is (JEE Main 2021)
(a) positive (b) negative
(c) zero (d) dependent on the sign of b 24. The least positive value of ‘a’ for which the equation,
2 33
17. If roots of x - ( a - 3) x + a = 0 are such that atleast 2 x 2 + ( a + 10) x + = 2 a has real roots is ……… .
2 (JEE Main 2020)
one of them is greater than 2, then
(a) a Î [7, 9] (b) a Î [7, ¥ ) 25. Let a and b be the roots of equation x 2 - 6 x - 2 = 0.
(c) a Î [9, ¥ ) (d) a Î [7, 9)
a10 - 2 a8
If an = a n - b n , for n ³ 1, then the value of
18. All the values of m for which both the roots of the 2 a9
equation x 2 - 2 mx + m 2 - 1 = 0 are greater than –2
is equal to
but less than 4, lie in the interval
(a) -2 < m < 0 (b) m > 3 26. Let a and b be the solutions of the quadratic
(c) -1 < m < 3 (d) 1 < m < 4 1 1
equation x 2 - 1154 x + 1 = 0, then a +b
19. If the roots of the quadratic equation 4 4
( 4 p - p 2 - 5) x 2 - ( 2 p - 1) x + 3 p = 0 lie on either side is equal to
of unity, then the number of integral values of p is 27. If ( a 2 - 149 + 13) x 2 + ( a + 2) x - 2 = 0 does not have
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 two distinct real roots, then maximum value of
20. The range of a for which the equation x 2 + ax - 4 = 0 a 2 - 15 a is k, then|k|is equal to
has its smaller root in the interval ( -1, 2) is
28. If the equation x 2 + 2 ( l + 1) x + l2 + l + 7 = 0 has
(a) (-¥ , - 3) (b) (0, 3)
only negative roots, then least value of l equals
(c) (0, ¥ ) (d) (-¥ , - 3) È (0, ¥ )
29. If a , b be the roots x 2 + px - q = 0 and g , d be the
21. For x 2 - ( a + 3)|x |+ 4 = 0 to have real solutions,
then the range of a is roots of x 2 + px + r = 0, q + r ¹ 0, then
(a - g ) (a - d)
(a) (-¥ , - 7] È [1, ¥ ) (b) (-3, ¥ ) is equal to ............ .
(b - g ) (b - d)
(c) (-¥ , - 7] (d) [1, ¥ )
22. Let p and q be two positive number such that 30. The number of solutions for the equation
p + q = 2 and p 4 + q4 = 272. Then, p and q are roots log 4 ( 2 x 2 + x + 1) - log 2 ( 2 x - 1) = 1, is ............ .
of the equation (JEE Main 2021)

Answers
Round I
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (c) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (d)
51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (d) 66. (a) 67. (d) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (b)

Round II
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (324) 24. (8) 25. (3) 26. (6) 27. (9) 28. (6) 29. (1) 30. (1)
 Solutions
Round I b c
\a+b=- and ab =
a a
1. Let another root of equation
q r
x2 + (1 - 3i )x - 2(1 + i ) = 0. is a and a + h + b + h = - , (a + h ) (b + h ) =
p p
\ a + (-1 + i ) = - (1 - 3i )
Now, ( a + h ) - ( b + h ) = a - b
Þ a = 2i
Þ [( a + h ) - ( b + h )] 2 = ( a - b )2
k+1 k+2 b
2. We have, + =- …(i) Þ [( a + h ) + ( b + h )]2 - 4 ( a + h ) (b + h )
k k+1 a
= (a + b )2 - 4ab
k+1 k+2 c
and × = … (ii) q 2
4r b2 4c
k k+1 a Þ - = -
p2 p a2 a
From Eq. (i),
q2 - 4 pr b2 - 4ac
1 1 b Þ =
1 + +1 + =- p2 a2
k k+1 a
1 1 b b2 - 4ac a 2
Þ 2+ + =- … (iii) \ =
k k+1 a q2 - 4 pr p2

From Eq. (ii), Hence, the ratio of the squares of their discriminants
k+2 c 2 c is a 2 : p2.
= Þ1 + =
k a k a 5. Given quadratic equation is
2 c 2a 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0
Þ = -1Þk =
k a c-a Let one root be a, then other is a3 .
Now, on substituting the value of k in Eq. (iii), we get k 256
c-a 1 b Now, a + a3 = - and a × a3 =
2+ + =- 81 81
2a 2 a a b
+1 [Q for ax2 + bx + c = 0, sum of roots = -
c-a a
c-a c-a b cù
Þ 2+ + =- and product of roots = ú
2a a+c a aû
2 (2a ) (a + c) + (c - a ) (c + a ) + 2a (c - a ) b æ4ö
4
4
Þ =- Þ a4 = ç ÷ Þ a=±
2a (a + c) a è3ø 3
Þ a 2 + c2 + 6ac = - 2ab - 2bc \ k = - 81 (a + a3 ) = - 81 a (1 + a 2)
Þ a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = b2 - 4ac
2 2 2
æ 4ö æ 16 ö
\ (a + b + c)2 = b2 - 4ac = - 81 ç ± ÷ ç1 + ÷ = ± 300
è 3ø è 9ø
3. Given, a and b are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 6. Given equation is
and S n = a n + b n. |2x - 1|2 - 3|2x - 1| + 2 = 0
b c Let |2x - 1| = t
\ a+b=- and ab =
a a \ t2 - 3 t + 2 = 0
Now, S n + 1 = a n + 1 + b n + 1 Þ (t - 1 )(t - 2) = 0 Þ t = 1, 2
= a n + 1 + b n + 1 + a nb + b na - a nb - b na Þ |2x - 1| = 1 and |2x - 1| = 2
= a n (a + b ) + b n (a + b ) - ab (a n - 1 + b n-1 ) Þ 2x - 1 = ± 1 and 2x - 1 = ± 2
= (a + b ) (a n + b n ) - ab (a n - 1 + b n -1 ) 3 1
Þ x = 1, 0 and x = , -
b c 2 2
= - S n - S n -1
a a 7. Given equation is esin x - e- sin x - 4 = 0
- bS n - cS n - 1
Þ Sn + 1 = Let esin x = y, then given equation can be written as
a
y2 - 4 y - 1 = 0
\ aS n + 1 + bS n + cS n - 1 = 0
Þ y=2± 5
4. Given, a and b are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and But the value of y = esin x is always positive,
a + h and b + h are the roots of px2 + qx + r = 0. so we take only
120 JEE Main Mathematics

y=2 + 5 Now, sum of the roots = (2 + i 3 ) + (2 - i 3 ) = - p

Þ log e y = log e (2 + 5 )
Þ sin x = log e (2 + 5 ) > 1
Which is impossible since sin x cannot be greater
than 1.
Þ 4=- p
Product of roots = (2 + i 3 )(2 - i 3 ) = q
Þ 7=q

Hence, we cannot find any real value of x which satisfies Hence, ( p, q) = (- 4, 7 )

2x 2 - 7x + 7
the given equation. 13. Given that, 3 2
= 3 Þ 2x2 - 7x + 7 = 2
2 2
8. We have, x - =1 - . If x ¹ 1 multiplying each Þ 2x2 - 7x + 5 = 0
x-1 x-1
term by (x - 1 ), the given equation reduces to Now, D = b2 - 4ac
x (x - 1 ) = (x - 1 ) or (x - 1 )2 = 0 or x = 1 which is not = (-7)2 - 4 ´ 2 ´ 5
possible as considering x ¹ 1.
= 49 - 40 = 9 > 0
Thus, given equation has no root.
Hence, it has two real roots.
9. We have,
| x2 + 4x + 3| + 2x + 5 = 0 14. Given equation can be reduced to a quadratic equation.
1 2
Here, two cases arise. \ 2x2 + x - 11 +
+ =0
x x2
Case I When x2 + 4x + 3 > 0 æ 1ö æ 1ö
Þ 2 ç x2 + 2 ÷ + ç x + ÷ - 11 = 0
Þ x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 0 è x ø è xø
Þ x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 1
Put x + = y
Þ (x + 2)(x + 4) = 0 x
Þ x = - 2 , -4 2( y2 - 2) + y - 11 = 0
2
x = - 2 is not satisfying the condition x + 4x + 3 > 0. Þ 2 y2 + y - 15 = 0
So, x = - 4 is the only solution of the given equation. 5
Þ y = - 3 and
Case II When x2 + 4x + 3 < 0 2
1 1 5
Þ - (x2 + 4x + 3) + 2x + 5 = 0 Þ x + = - 3, x + =
x x 2
Þ - x2 - 2x + 2 = 0 Þ x2 + 3x + 1 = 0, 2x2 - 5x + 2 = 0
Þ x2 + 2x - 2 = 0
Only 2nd equation has rational roots as D = 9 and
Þ (x + 1 + 3 )(x + 1 - 3 ) = 0 1
rootsare and 2.
Þ x = - 1 + 3, - 1 - 3 2

Hence, x = - (1 + 3 ) satisfy the given condition. 15. Given equation is

2
Since, x + 4x + 3 < 0 while x = - 1 + 3 is not satisfying ( p - q)x2 + (q - r )x + (r - p) = 0
the condition. Thus, number of real solutions are two. (r - q) ± (q - r )2 - 4(r - p)( p - q)
Þ x=
10. Q x4 - 8x2 - 9 = 0 2 ( p - q)

Þ x4 - 9x2 + x2 - 9 = 0 q2 + r 2 - 2qr - 4(rp - rq - p2 + pq)

(r - q) ±
=
2( p - q)
Þ x2(x2 - 9) + 1 (x2 - 9) = 0
(r - q) ± (q + r - 2 p)
Þ (x2 + 1 )(x2 - 9) = 0 Þ x=
2( p - q)
Þ x = ± i, ± 3 r-p
Þ x= ,1
11. Since, the roots of the equation 8x 3 - 14x2 + 7x - 1 = 0 p-q
a p p 2 -1
are in GP. Let the roots be , a , ab , b ¹ 0. Then, the 16. Q2 sin 2 = 1 - cos = 1 -
1
= (irrational root)
b 8 4 2 2
1
product of roots is a3 = 2+1
8 So, other root is .
2
1 1
Þ a = and hence, b = × 1 1
2 2 Sum of roots = - a = 1 - +1+ =2Þa = -2
2 2
1 1
So, roots are 1, , . 1 1
2 4 Product of roots = 1 - = = b
2 2
12. Since, 2 + i 3 is a root of equation x2 + px + q = 0. 1 5
So, a - b = -2 - = -
Therefore, 2 - i 3 will be other root. 2 2
Quadratic Equations 121

17. Since, tan a and tan b are the roots of the equation Now, (1 - sin p) ³ 0 for all real p and sin p > 0 for
2
x + ax + b = 0, then 0 < p < p.
a Therefore, 4 sin p (1 - sin p) ³ 0 when 0 < p < p or
tan a + tan b = - p Î (0, p ).
1
and tan a × tan b = b 22. For the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
sin a sin b a to be rational D = (b2 - 4ac) should be perfect square.
Þ + =-
cos a cos b 1 In the equation 6x2 - 11x + a = 0
sin a sin b a = 6, b = - 11 and c = a
and =b
cos a cos b \For roots to be rational
\ sin 2 (a + b ) + a sin (a + b ) cos (a + b ) + b cos 2 (a + b ) D = (- 11)2 - 4(6) (a) should be a perfect square.
= cos 2 (a + b ) [tan 2 (a + b ) + b + a tan (a + b )] Þ D(a) = 121 - 24a should be a perfect square
tan 2 (a + b ) + b + a tan (a + b ) Now, D(1) = 121 - 24 = 97 is not a perfect square.
=
1 + tan 2 (a + b ) D(2) = 121 - 24 ´ 2 = 73 is not a perfect square.
a æ a ö D(3) = 121 - 24 ´ 3 = 49 is a perfect square.
ça + ÷+b
b -1 è b - 1ø D(4) = 121 - 24 ´ 4 = 25 is a perfect square.
= =b
a2 D(5) = 121 - 24 ´ 5 = 1 is a perfect square.
1+
(b - 1 )2 and for a ³ 6, D(a) < 0, hence imaginary roots.
18. Let the equation (incorrectly written form) be \ For 3 values of a (a = 3, 4, 5), the roots are rational.
x2 + 17x + q = 0 23. The quadratic expression ax2 + bx + c, x Î R is always
Since, roots are -2 , - 15 . positive, if a > 0 and D < 0.
\ q = 30
So, the quadratic expression
So, correct equation is x2 + 13x + 30 = 0
(1 + 2m) x2 - 2 (1 + 3m)x + 4(1 + m), x Î R will be always
Þ x2 + 10x + 3x + 30 = 0
positive, if
Þ (x + 3) (x + 10) = 0 1 + 2m > 0 …(i)
Þ x = - 3, - 10 2
and D = 4(1 + 3m) - 4(2m + 1) 4(1 + m) < 0 …(ii)
19. Let the correct equation be ax2 + bx + c = 0 and the From inequality Eq. (i), we get
correct roots are a and b. Taking c wrong, the roots are 1
m>- …(iii)
3 and 2. 2
\ a+b =3+2 =5 …(i) From inequality Eq. (ii), we get
Also, a = 1 and c = - 6 1 + 9m2 + 6m - 4 (2m2 + 3m + 1) < 0
c Þ m2 - 6m - 3 < 0
\ ab = = - 6 …(ii)
a
Þ [m - (3 + 12 )][m - (3 - 12 )] < 0
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), the correct roots are 6 and 6 ± 36 + 12
-1. [Q m2 - 6m - 3 = 0 Þ m = = 3 ± 12]
2
20. Here, a + b + g = -2 …(i) Þ 3 - 12 < m < 3 + 12 …(iv)
ab + bg + ga = - 3 …(ii) From inequalities Eqs. (iii) and (iv), the integral
and abg = 1 …(iii) values of m are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
On squaring Eq. (ii), we get Hence, the number of integral values of m is 7.
a 2 b 2 + b 2 g 2 + g 2a 2 + 2 abg (a + b + g ) = 9 24. Given, quadratic equation is
Þ a 2 b 2 + b 2 g 2 + g 2a 2 = 9 - 2 (1 ) (-2) = 13 x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2)+ ...+ (x + n - 1) (x + n ) =10n
b 2 g 2 + g 2a 2 + a 2 b 2 13 Þ (x2 + x2 + ... + x2) + [(1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n - 1)]x
Now, a -2 + b -2 + r -2 = = = 13
(abg )2 1 + [(1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + ... + (n - 1)n ] = 10n
21. Given equation is (cos p - 1 )x2 + (cos p)x + sin p = 0 n (n 2 - 1)
Þ nx2 + n 2x + - 10n = 0
3
Since, roots are real, its discriminant, D ³ 0
n2 - 1
\ cos 2 p - 4 (cos p - 1 )sin p ³ 0 Þ x2 + nx + - 10 = 0
3
2
Þ cos p - 4 cos p sin p + 4 sin p ³ 0 Þ 3x2 + 3nx + n 2 - 31 = 0
Þ (cos p - 2 sin p)2 - 4 sin 2 p + 4 sin p ³ 0 Let a and b be the roots. Since, a and b are consecutive.
Þ (cos p - 2 sin p)2 + 4 sin p (1 - sin p) ³ 0 …(i) \ |a - b| = 1 Þ (a - b )2 = 1
122 JEE Main Mathematics

Again, (a - b )2 = (a + b )2 - 4ab 30. The given equation is

2
æ - 3n ö æ n 2 - 31 ö pqx2 - ( p + q)2x + ( p + q)2 = 0.
Þ 1=ç ÷ - 4ç ÷
è 3 ø è 3 ø ( p + q )2 ± ( p + q)4 - 4 pq( p + q)2
x=
4 2 2 pq
Þ 1 = n2 - (n - 31)
3 ( p + q )2 ± ( p 2 - q 2 )
Þ 3 = 3n 2 - 4n 2 + 124 x=
2 pq
Þ n 2 = 121 Þ n = ± 11
Now, taking (+ ve) sign
\ n = 11 [Q n > 0] p+ q
x=
25. Let all four roots are imaginary. Then, roots of both q
equation P (x ) = 0 and Q (x ) = 0 are imaginary. and taking (– ve) sign
Thus, b2 - 4ac < 0 ; d 2 - 4ac < 0, so b2 + d 2 < 0 which is p+ q
x=
impossible unless b = 0, d = 0. p
So, if b ¹ 0 or d ¹ 0 atleast two roots must be real, if b = 0, ì p + q p + qü
\ Solution set is í , ý.
d = 0, we have the equations î p q þ
P (x ) = ax2 + c = 0 31. Since, sin a and cos a are the roots of the equation
and Q (x ) = - ax2 + c = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
c c c c b c
or x2 = - ; x2 = as one of and - must be positive, sin a + cos a = - and sin a cos a =
a a a a a a
so two roots must be real. To eliminate a, we have
26. Since, roots are real. 1 = sin 2 a + cos 2 a
\ { 2 (bc + ad )}2 = 4(a 2 + b2) (c2 + d 2) Þ 1 = (sin a + cos a )2 - 2 sin a cos a
Þ 4b2c2 + 4a 2d 2 + 8abcd = 4a 2c2 + 4a 2d 2 + 4b2c2 + 4b2d 2 b2 2c
Þ 1= 2-
Þ 4a 2d 2 + 4b2c2 - 8abcd = 0 a a
Þ 4(ad - bc)2 = 0 Þ a 2 - b2 + 2ac = 0
Þ ad = bc 32. We have,
a c
Þ = x2 + px + 1 = (x - a ) (x - b)
b d
Thus, E = (c - a ) (c - b) (- d - a ) (- d - b)
27. Since, f (1 ) + f (2) + f (3) = 0
= (c2 + pc + 1) [(- d )2 - pd + 1]
f (1 ), f (2), f (3) all cannot be of same sign. [Q a + b = - p]
Þ Roots are real and distinct. = (c2 + pc + 1) (d 2 - pd + 1)
28. Since, sin a, sin b and cos a are in GP, then But c2 + qc + 1 = 0 and d 2 + qd + 1 = 0
sin 2 b = sin a cos a …(i) \ E = (- qc + pc) (- qd - pd )
Given equation is x2 + 2x cot b + 1 = 0. = cd (q - p) (q + p)
\ Discriminant, D = b2 - 4ac = cd (q2 - p2) = q2 - p2 [Q cd = 1]
= (2 cot b )2 - 4 = 4 (cosec2 b - 2)
33. We have, (a + 1 )x2 + (2a + 3)x + (3a + 4) = 0
= 4 (cosec a sec a - 2) [from Eq. (i)]
Let a and b be the roots of the equation.
= 4 (2 cosec 2 a - 2) ³ 0
According to the given condition,
\ Roots are real.
ab = 2
29. Since, 4 is a root of x2 + ax + 12 = 0 3a + 4
Þ =2
\ 16 + 4a + 12 = 0 a+1
Þ a=-7
Þ 3a + 4 = 2a + 2 Þ a = - 2
Let the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 be a and a. 2a + 3 -4 + 3
7 Also, a+b=- =- = -1
\ 2a = - a Þa = a+1 -2 + 1
2
2 34. [x]2 - [x] - 2 = 0
æ 7ö
and a× a = b Þ ç ÷ = b Þ ([x] - 2) ([x] + 1 ) = 0
è2ø
49 Þ [x] = 2, - 1
Þ b= Þ x Î [-1, 0) È [2, 3)
4
Quadratic Equations 123

35. Here, Sa = 0, Sab = - 7, abg = - 7 39. Given equation is (5 + 2 )x2 - (4 + 5 )x + 8 + 2 5 = 0.

1 1 1 a 4b 4 + b 4g 4 + g 4a 4 Let x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation.
\ 4
+ 4 + 4 =
a b g a 4b 4g 4 4+ 5
Þ x1 + x2 = …(i)
Sa b 4 4 5+ 2
= …(i)
a 4b 4g 4 8 + 2 5 2(4 + 5 )
and x1x2 = = = 2(x1 + x2) …(ii)
Now, Sab Sab Sab Sab = (Sab ) (Sab ) 2 2 5+ 2 5+ 2
Þ (-7)4 = [a 2 b 2 + b 2g 2 + g 2a 2 + 2abg (a + b + g )] 2x1x2 4(x1 + x2)
\ Harmonic mean = = =4
2 2 2 2 2 2
[a b + b g + g a + 2abg (a + b + g )] x1 + x2 (x1 + x2)

= (a b + b 2 g 2 + g 2a 2) (a 2 b 2 + b 2g 2 + g 2a 2)
2 2 [from Eq. (ii)]
[Q Sa = a + b + g = 0] 40. Given, a + b + c=0 …(i)
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2
= a b + b g + g a + 2a b g + 2a b g + 2a b g and 4ax + 3bx + 2c = 0
4 4 2 2 2
= S a b + 2 a b g (a + b + g ) 2 2 2
Q D = b2 - 4ac
= S a 4b 4 + 2 a 2b 2 g 2 [(S a )2 - 2S ab ] \ D = (3b)2 - 4(4a )(2c)
= Sa 4 b 4 + 2 a 2 b 2 g 2 [0 - 2 ´ (-7 )] = 9b2 - 32ac
= Sa 4b 4 + 2 (-7 )2 (2 ´ 7 ) = 9(a + c)2 - 32ac [Q from Eq. (i)]
Þ 4 4
Sa b = (-7 ) + 4(-7 )4 3 = 9(a - c)2 + 4ac > 0
Hence, roots are real.
Þ Sa 4b 4 = (-7 )3 (-7 + 4) = - 3 (-7 )3
On putting this value in Eq. (i), we get 41. Let f (x) = x2 - 2 (3k - 1)x + 8k2 - 7
1 1 1 -3 (-7 )3 -3 3 Given, f (x) > 0
+ + = = = \ D <0
a4 b4 g 4 (-7 )4 -7 7
Þ (2 (3k - 1))2 - 4 (8k2 - 7) < 0
a b
36. Given equation + = 1 can be rewritten as Þ 4 (9k2 - 6k + 1) - 4 (8k2 - 7) < 0
x- a x-b
Þ k2 - 6k + 8 < 0
x2 - 2 (a + b )x + 3 ab = 0
Þ (k - 4) (k - 2) < 0
Let its roots be a¢ and - a ¢.
Þ 2 < k <4
Þ a ¢ + (- a ¢ ) = 2(a + b )
Then k = 3
Þ 0 = 2 (a + b ) Þ a + b = 0
42. Given expression x2 + 2x + 2xy + my - 3 = 0 can be
1 1 1
37. Given equation + = can be rewritten as rewritten as
x+ p x+ q r
x2 + 2x (1 + y) + (my - 3) = 0.
x2 + x ( p + q - 2r ) + pq - pr - qr = 0 …(i)
Let roots are a and - a, then the product of roots But factors are rational so discriminant b2 - 4ac is a
perfect square.
- a 2 = pq - pr - qr = pq - r ( p + q) …(ii)
Now, b2 - 4ac = 4{(1 + y)2 - (my - 3)} ³ 0
and sum of roots, 0 = - ( p + q - 2r )
p+ q Þ 4{ y2 + 1 + 2 y - my + 3} ³ 0
Þ r= …(iii)
2 Þ y2 + 2 y - my + 4 ³ 0
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get Hence, 2 y - my = ± 4 y (as it is perfect square).
p+ q Þ 2 y - my = 4 y
- a 2 = pq - ( p + q)
2 Þ m = -2
1
= - {( p + q)2 - 2 pq} Now, taking (–)ve sign, we get m = 6
2
43. The given equations are
( p2 + q 2 )
Þ a2 = - qx2 + px + q = 0 …(i)
2
and x2 - 4qx + p2 = 0 …(ii)
38. Given equation is x2 + ax + 1 = 0.
Since, root of the Eq. (i) are complex, therefore
Since, roots are tan q and cot q.
p2 - 4 q 2 < 0
\ Product of roots, tan q × cot q = a Þ a = 1
Now, discriminant of Eq. (ii) is
Again, since roots are real.
16q2 - 4 p2 = - 4( p2 - 4q2) > 0
\ a 2 - 4 ³ 0 Þ |a |³ 2
Hence, roots are real and unequal.
Thus, the least value of| a |is 2.
124 JEE Main Mathematics

44. Given equation can be rewritten as Þ (c - a )2 - 4(a - b) (b - c) = 0

3x2 - (a + c + 2b + 2d )x + ac + 2bd = 0 Þ a 2 + 4b2 + c2 + 2ac - 4ab - 4bc = 0
\ Discriminant, D Þ (a + c - 2 b)2 = 0 Þ a + c = 2 b
= (a + c + 2b + 2d )2 - 4 × 3 (ac + 2bd ) Hence, a , b, c are in AP.
= {(a + 2d ) + (c + 2b)}2 - 12(ac + 2bd ) 49. Given equation is
= {(a + 2d ) - (c + 2b)}2 + 4(a + 2d )(c + 2b) - 12 (ac + 2bd ) ( p2 + q2)x2 - 2q( p + r )x + (q2 + r 2) = 0.
= {(a + 2d ) - (c + 2b)}2 - 8ac + 8ab + 8dc - 8bd Since, roots are real and equal, then
= {(a + 2d ) - (c + 2b)}2 + 8 (c - b)(d - a ) b2 - 4ac = 0
Which is +ve, since a < b < c < d. Þ 4 q2 ( p + r )2 - 4( p2 + q2) (q2 + r 2) = 0
Hence, roots are real and distinct. Þ q2 ( p2 + r 2 + 2 pr ) - ( p2q2 + p2r 2 + q4 + q2r 2) = 0
2
45. Since, a , b are the roots of the equation x + px + q = 0, Þ q2p2 + q2r 2 + 2 pq2r - p2q2 - p2r 2 - q4 - q2r 2 = 0
then Þ 2 pq2r - p2r 2 - q4 = 0
a + b = - p, ab = q …(i)
4 4 2
Þ (q2 - pr )2 = 0 Þ q2 = pr
and a , b are the roots of x - xr + s = 0.
\ p, q and r will be in GP.
Then, a4 + b4 = r …(ii)
4 4 50. The equation x2 - px + r = 0 has roots a , b and the
and ab =s
a
If D is discriminant of the equation equation x2 - qx + r = 0 has roots , 2 b.
2
x2 - 4qx + 2q2 - r = 0,
Þ r = ab
then D = 16 q2 - 4 (2q2 - r ) = 8q2 + 4r
and a+b=p
= 8a 2 b 2 + 4(a 4 + b 4 ) [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
a
= 4 (a 2 + b 2)2 ³ 0 and + 2b = q
2
Hence, the equation x2 - 4qx + 2q2 - r = 0 has always 2q - p 2(2 p - q)
two real roots. Þ b= and a =
3 3
46. The roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are given by 2
2
Þ ab = r = (2q - p)(2 p - q)
-b± b - 4ac 9
x=
2a 51. Given, a , b, c are in AP.
(i) Let b2 - 4ac > 0, b > 0 \ 2b = a + c
Now, if a > 0, c > 0, b2 - 4ac < b2 Centroid of triangle whose vertices
Þ The roots are negative. æ 10 7 ö
(a , c), (2, b) and (a , b) are ç , ÷.
(ii) Let b2 - 4ac < 0, then the roots are given by è 3 3ø
- b ± i (4ac - b2) 2a + 2 10 2b + c 7
x= (i = -1 ) \ = and =
2a 3 3 3 3
Which are imaginary and have negative part. (Q b > 0) 2b + c = 7ü
a = 4, ý, solving
\In each case the root have negative real part. 2b - c = 4 þ
11 3
47. Given, (ax2 + c ) y + (a ¢ x2 + c¢ ) = 0 b= ,c=
4 2
or x2 (ay + a ¢ ) + (cy + c¢ ) = 0 11
Since, x is rational, then the discriminant of the above \ Quadratic equation is 4x2 + x+ 1 =0
4
equation must be a perfect square. 121 3 71
\ The value of (a + b )2 - 3ab = - =-
\ 0 - 4 (ay + a ¢ ) (cy + c¢ ) = 0 256 4 256
Þ - acy2 - (ac¢ + a ¢ c ) y - a ¢ c¢ must be a perfect square
52. Given, a and b are roots of px2 + qx + r = 0, p ¹ 0.
Þ (ac¢ - a ¢ c)2 - 4aca ¢ c¢ = 0
-q r
Þ (ac¢ - a ¢ c)2 = 0 \ a+b= and ab = …(i)
p p
Þ ac¢ = a ¢ c Since, p, q and r are in AP.
a c
Þ = \ 2q = p + r …(ii)
a ¢ c¢ 1 1
Also, + =4
48. Since, roots of the equation a b
(a - b)x2 + (c - a )x + (b - c) = 0 are equal. a+b
Þ =4 [given]
\ Discriminant, B2 - 4 AC = 0 ab
Quadratic Equations 125

Þ a + b = 4ab Now, the required equation whose roots are (a + b )2 and

- q 4r (a - b )2 is
Þ = [from Eq. (i)]
p p x2 - {(a + b )2 + (a - b )2 }x + (a + b )2(a - b )2 = 0
Þ q = - 4r Þ x2 - {(a + b)2 - (a - b)2 } x - (a + b)2 (a - b)2 = 0
On putting the value of q in Eq. (ii), we get Þ x2 - 4abx - (a 2 - b2)2 = 0
2(- 4r ) = p + r Þ p = - 9r 56. Since, a , a 2 be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0.
- q 4r 4r 4
Now, a + b = = = =- \ a + a 2 = -1 …(i)
p p - 9r 9 3
and a =1 …(ii)
r r 1
and ab = = = Now, a31 + a 62 = a31 (1 + a31 )
p - 9r - 9
Þ a31 + a 62 = a30 × a (1 + a30 × a )
\ (a - b )2 = (a + b )2 - 4ab
Þ a31 + a 62 = (a3 )10 × a { 1 + (a3 )10 × a }
16 4 16 + 36
= + = Þ a31 + a 62 = a (1 + a ) [from Eq. (ii)]
81 9 81
2 52 2 Þ a31 + a 62 = - 1 [from Eq. (i)]
Þ (a - b ) = Þ|a - b| = 13 Again, a31 × a 62 = a 93
81 9
Þ a31 × a 62 = [a3 ] 31 = 1
53. Since, a , b and c are the sides of a DABC.
\ Required equation is
\ |a - b| < |c|
x2 - ( a31 + a 62)x + a31 × a 62 = 0
Þ a 2 + b2 - 2ab < c2
Similarly, b2 + c2 - 2bc < a 2 Þ x2 + x + 1 = 0
and c2 + a 2 - 2ca < b2 57. Since, a and b are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
On adding, we get b c
Þ a+b = - and ab = …(i)
(c2 + b2 + c2) < 2 (ab + bc + ca ) a a
a 2 + b2 + c2 1 1
Þ <2 …(i) If roots are a + , b + , then
ab + bc + ca b a
Also, D ³ 0 Þ (a + b + c)2 - 3l (ab + bc + ca ) ³ 0 æ 1ö æ 1ö a+b
sum of roots = ç a + ÷ + çb + ÷ = (a + b ) +
a 2 + b2 + c2 è bø è aø ab
Þ ³ 3l - 2 …(ii)
ab + bc + ca -b
= (a + c) [from Eq. (i)]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), ac
4 æ 1ö æ 1ö
3l - 2 < 2 Þ l < and product of roots = ç a + ÷ çb + ÷
3 è bø è aø
1 c a
54. The given equation is x2 - 2x cos f + 1 = 0. = ab + 1 + 1 + =2+ + [from Eq. (i)]
ab a c
2
2 cos f ± 4 cos f - 4 2ac + c2 + a 2 (a + c)2
\ x= = cos f ± i sin f = =
2 ac ac
Let a = cos f + i sin f, then b = cos f - i sin f
Hence, required equation is given by
\ a n + b n = (cos f + i sin f )n + (cos f - i sin f )n x2 - (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
= 2 cos n f b (a + c)2
n n Þ x2 + (a + c)x + =0
and a b = (cos nf + i sin n f ) (cos nf - i sin nf ) ac ac
= cos 2 nf + sin 2 nf = 1 Þ acx2 + (a + c)bx + (a + c)2 = 0
\ Required equation is 58. Let the roots of equation
x2 - 2x cos nf + 1 = 0 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 is a and b
55. Since, a and b are the roots of the equation 3 1
Then, a + b = - and ab =
2 2
2x2 + 2(a + b)x + a 2 + b2 = 0.
\ a 2 + b 2 = (a + b )2 - 2ab
2 2 a 2 + b2
\ (a + b ) = (a + b) and ab = æ -3 ö
2
1 9 5
2 = ç ÷ -2 ´ = -1 =
Now, (a - b )2 = (a + b )2 - 4ab è 2 ø 2 4 4
2
æ a 2 + b2 ö æ1ö 1
= (a + b)2 - 4 ç ÷ and a2 b2 = ç ÷ =
è 2 ø è2ø 4
= - (a - b)2 \ Required equation is
126 JEE Main Mathematics

x2 - (a 2 + b 2)x + a 2b 2 = 0 65. We know that, the expression ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all x, if
5 1 a > 0 and b2 < 4ac.
Þ x2 - x + = 0
4 4 \ (a 2 - 1 )x2 + 2(a - 1 )x + 2 is positive for all x, if
Þ 4x2 - 5x + 1 = 0 a 2 - 1 > 0 and 4(a - 1 )2 - 8(a 2 - 1 ) < 0
59. Equations x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 Þ a 2 - 1 > 0 and - 4(a - 1 )(a + 3) < 0
and x3 + (a - 1 )x2 + (b - 1 ) x + (c - 1 ) = 0 have atleast Þ a 2 - 1 > 0 and (a - 1 )(a + 3) > 0
one common root, let common root be a. Þ 2
a > 1 and a < - 3 or a > 1
\ a3 + aa 2 + ba + c = 0 Þ a < - 3 or a > 1
and a + aa + ba + c - a 2 - a - 1 = 0
3 2
66. Given equation is x2 - 2ax + a 2 + a - 3 = 0.
2 2
Þ a + a + 1 = 0 Þ a = w, w If roots are real, then D ³ 0
(where, w and w2 are the cube roots of unity) Þ 4a 2 - 4 (a 2 + a - 3) ³ 0
60. Given equations are 2x2 + 3x + 5l = 0 and Þ - a + 3 ³0
x2 + 2x + 3l = 0 have a common root, if Þ a -3 £0 Þ a £3
x2 x 1 As roots are less than 3, hence f (3) > 0
= =
(9 - 10)l (5 - 6)l (4 - 3) 9 - 6a + a 2 + a - 3 > 0
Þ a 2 - 5a + 6 > 0
x2 x 1
Þ = = Þ (a - 2)(a - 3) > 0
-l -l 1
Þ Either a < 2 or a > 3.
Þ x2 = - l , x = - l or l = - 1, 0
Hence, only a < 2 satisfy.
61. Let the roots be a , b, b, g and g, a, then
67. Since, a , b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
ab = b, bg = c and ga = a
\ ax2 + bx + c = a (x - a )(x - b )
Þ abg = abc
Þ a , b be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0. Also, a < k < b
62. Roots of the equation 2x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 are
So, a (k - a )(k - b ) < 0
-3 ± 9 - 40
x= (imaginary roots) Also, a k + abk + ac = a (ak2 + bk + c)
2 2

6
= a 2(k - a )(k - b ) < 0
Hence, both roots coincide, so on comparing
Þ a 2k2 + abk + ac < 0
a b c
= = =k 68. The given condition suggest that a lies between the
2 3 5
roots.
Þ a = 2k, b = 3k, c = 5k
Let f (x ) = 2x2 - 2(2a + 1 )x + a (a + 1 )
Þ a + b + c = 10k
For a to lie between the roots we must have
So, maximum value does not exist.
discriminant ³ 0 and f (a ) < 0.
63. Since, the second equation has imaginary roots. Now, discriminant ³ 0
2 a -3 b 4 c Þ 4(2a + 1 )2 - 8a (a + 1 ) ³ 0
\ = = =k
3 -4 5 æ 1ö
Þ 8ç a 2 + a + ÷ ³ 0, which is always true.
3k 4k 5k è 2ø
Þ a= ,b= ,c=
2 3 4 Also, f (a ) < 0
3k 4k Þ 2a 2 - 2a (2a + 1 ) + a (a + 1 ) < 0
+
a+b 2 3 = 34 Þ - a2 - a < 0
\ =
b + c 4k + 5k 31 Þ a2 + a > 0
3 4 Þ a (1 + a ) > 0
64. We know that, if a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 Þ a > 0 or a < - 1
and a 2x2 + b22x + c2 = 0 have a common real root, then 69. - x2 + ax + a = 0
2
(a1c2 - a 2c1 ) = (b1c2 - b2c1 ) (a1b2 - a 2b1 ) Þ x2 - ax - a = 0
Hence, x2 + bx - 1 = 0 and x2 + x + b = 0 have a common Let f (x ) = x2 - ax - a
root f (1 ) < 0 1
2 2
Þ (1 + b) = (b + 1) (1 - b) Þ 1 - a - a <0
Þ b2 + 2b + 1 = b2 - b3 + 1 - b Þ 1 < 2a
Þ b3 + 3b = 0 Þ b(b2 + 3) = 0 1
Þ a>
Þ b = 0, ± i 3 2
Quadratic Equations 127

70. Since, a , b are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0. 4. The given quadratic equation
Here, D = b2 - 4c > 0 because c < 0 < b. So, roots are real 2x(2x + 1) = 1
and unequal. Þ 4x2 + 2x - 1 = 0 has roots a and b
Now, a + b = - b < 0 and a b = c < 0 So, a+b=-
1
Þ 2 a + 2b = -1 ...(i)
\ One root is positive and the other is negative, then the 2
negative root being numerically bigger. As, a < b , a is and 4a 2 + 2 a - 1 = 0 ...(ii)
the negative root while b is the positive root. So,|a | > b From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
and a < 0 < b.
4a 2 + 2a + (2a + 2b) = 0
Round II Þ 2a 2 + 2a + b = 0 Þ b = - 2a(a + 1)
1. The given equation is 5. Given quadratic equation x2 - 64x + 256 = 0 having
2
2 (1 + i )x - 4(2 - i )x - 5 - 3 i = 0 roots a and b, so
2
4(2 - i ) ± 16(2 - i ) + 8(1 + i )(5 + 3 i ) a + b = 64 and ab = 256
Þ x= 1/ 8 1/ 8
4(1 + i ) æ a3 ö æ b3 ö a+b
Now, ç 5 ÷ + ç 5÷ =
i 4 - i -1 - i 3 -5i èb ø èa ø (ab )5/ 8
=- or = or
1+ i 1+ i 2 2
64 64 64
- - = = = =2
Now, ½½ 1 i½
½= 1
+ =
1 1
(256)5/ 8 25 32
½ 2 ½ 4 4 2
-1 + i 3
½ 3 - 5 i½= 9 25 17 6. It is given that a = , then a 2 + a + 1 = 0 and
and ½ ½ + = 2
½ 2 ½ 4 4 2
a3 = 1.
17 1
Also, > 100 100 100
2 2 So, a = (1 + a ) å a 2k = (- a 2) å a 2k = - å a2( k + 1)
3 -5i k=0 k=0 k=0
Hence, required root is .
2 = - [a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + a 8 + ¼ + a 202]
2. We have, 2 2
ax - bx (x - 1 ) + c(x - 1 ) = 0 …(i) a 2((a 2)101 - 1)
=- (sum of GP)
2 a2 - 1
æ x ö æ x ö
Þ aç ÷ + bç ÷ + c=0 a 2(a 202 - 1) a 2(a - 1)
è 1 - xø è 1 - xø =- =- , (Q a3 = 1)
2
a -1 a2 - 1
Also, a and b be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
a2 a3
x x =- =- 2 =1
\ a= and b = a+1 a +a
1-x 1-x
100 100 100
a b
Þ x= ,x= and, b = å a3 k = å (a3 )k = å 1 = 101
a+1 b+1 k=0 k=0 k=0

a b Now, equation of quadratic equation having roots

Hence, and are the required roots.
a+1 b+1 ‘a’ and ‘b’ is
x2 - (a + b)x + ab = 0 Þ x2 - 102x + 101 = 0
3. It is given that a and b are roots of quadratic equation
Hence, option (c) is correct.
x2 - x - 1 = 0, so sum of roots = a + b = 1, and product of
roots = ab = - 1 7. Given quadratic equation is
k k
and pk = a + b , k ³ 1 æ pö
x2 + x sin q - 2 sin q = 0, q Î ç0, ÷
So, p1 = a + b = 1 è 2ø
p2 = a 2 + b 2 = (a + b )2 - 2ab = 1 + 2 = 3 and its roots are a and b.
p3 = a3 + b3 = (a + b )3 - 3ab (a + b ) = 1 + 3 = 4 So, sum of roots = a + b = - sin q
p4 = a 4+ b 4 = (a + b )4 - 4ab (a 2 + b 2) - 6a 2 b 2 and product of roots = ab = - 2 sin q
= 1 + 12 - 6 = 7 Þ ab = 2(a + b ) …(i)
12 12
and p5 = a5 + b5 a +b
Now, the given expression is -12
= (a + b )5 - 5ab (a3 + b3 ) - 10 a 2b 2(a + b ) (a + b -12)(a - b)24
= 1 + 20 - 10 = 11 a12 + b12 a12 + b12
p3 = p5 - p4 = 4 = = 12
Q æ 1 1 ö 24 æ b + a12 ö
p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 = 1 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 11 = 26 ç 12 + 12 ÷ (a - b) ç 12 12 ÷ (a - b)24
èa b ø è a b ø
but p5 ¹ p2 × p3
128 JEE Main Mathematics

12 12
é ab ù æ ab ö = a 2 + b 2 + (w4 + w2) ab (Q w3 = 1 )
=ê 2ú
=ç ÷ = a 2 + b 2 - ab (Q w + w2 = - 1 )
ë (a - b ) û è (a + b )2 - 4ab ø
12
= (a + b )2 - 3 ab = p2 - 3q
é 2(a + b) ù a 2 b 2 a3 + b3
=ê 2 ú [from Eq. (i)] Also, + =
ë (a + b ) - 8 (a + b) û b a ab
12 12
æ 2 ö æ 2 ö (a + b )3 - 3 ab (a + b ) p(3q - p2)
=ç ÷ =ç ÷ = =
è (a + b ) - 8 ø è - sin q - 8 ø ab q
[Q a + b = - sin q] ( p2 - 3 q ) q
\ The given expression = =-
212 p(3q - p2) p
= q
(sin q + 8)12

8. Given, (x2 - 5x + 5)x

2
+ 4 x - 60
=1
10. Let the correct equation is
ax2 + bx + c = 0,
Clearly, this is possible when b c
then a+b=- and ab =
I. x2 + 4x - 60 = 0 and x2 - 5x + 5 ¹ 0 a a
or When b is written incorrectly, then the roots are equal.
2
II. x - 5x + 5 = 1 Let these are g and g.
c
or \ g × g = Þ g 2 = ab …(i)
a
2 2
III. x - 5x + 5 = - 1 and x + 4x - 60 = Even integer
When c is written incorrectly, then the roots are g and
Case I When x2 + 4x - 60 = 0 2g.
Þ x2 + 10x - 6x - 60 = 0 b
\ g + 2g = - Þ 3g = a + b
Þ x(x + 10) - 6(x + 10) = 0 a
Þ 9g = (a + b )2 Þ 9ab = (a - b )2 + 4 ab
2
Þ (x + 10) (x - 6) = 0
[from Eq. (i)]
Þ x = - 10 or x = 6 \ (a - b )2 = 5 ab
Note that, for these two values of x,
11. Discriminant of the equation 3x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 is given
x2 - 5x + 5 ¹ 0
by
Case II When x2 - 5x + 5 = 1
D = 64 - 180 = - 116 < 0
Þ x2 - 5x + 4 = 0 So, its roots are imaginary and therefore roots are
Þ x2 - 4x - x + 4 = 0 conjugate to each other. Therefore, one common root
Þ x(x - 4) - 1 (x - 4) = 0 means both the roots are common.
a 2b 3c
Þ (x - 4) (x - 1) = 0 \ = =
3 8 15
Þ x = 4 or x = 1 a b c
Case III When x2 - 5x + 5 = - 1 Þ = = =k (say), k ¹ 0
3 4 5
Þ x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 Þ a = 3k, b = 4k, c = 5k
Þ x2 - 2x - 3x + 6 = 0 Now, a 2 + b2 = c2
Þ x(x - 2) - 3(x - 2) = 0 Þ DABC is right angled.
Þ (x - 2) (x - 3) = 0 \ sin 2 A + sin 2 B = sin 2 C
Þ x = 2 or x = 3 Þ sin A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 sin 2 C = 2 sin 2 90° = 2
2

Now, when x = 2, x2 + 4x - 60 12. Given equation is

= 4 + 8 - 60 = - 48, which is an even integer. | x - 2| + x ( x - 4) + 2 = 0
When x = 3, x2 + 4x - 60 = 9 + 12 - 60 = - 39, Þ | x - 2| + x - 4 x + 4 = 2
which is not an even integer. Þ | x - 2| + ( x - 2)2 = 2
Thus, in this case, we get x = 2. Þ (| x - 2|)2 + | x - 2| - 2 = 0
Hence, the sum of all real values of Let| x - 2| = y, then above equation reduced to
x = - 10 + 6 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 3 y2 + y - 2 = 0
2
9. Since, a and b are the roots of the equation Þ y + 2y - y - 2 = 0
x2 + px + q = 0, therefore Þ y( y + 2) - 1( y + 2) = 0
a + b = - p and ab = q Þ ( y + 2)( y - 1) = 0
Now, (wa + w2 b )(w2a + wb ) Þ y = 1, - 2
Quadratic Equations 129

\ y=1 [Q y = | x - 2| ³ 0] 16. D = b2 - 4a < 0 Þ a > 0

Þ | x - 2| = 1 Þ x - 2 = ± 1
Therefore, the graph is concave upwards.
Þ x = 3 or 1 Þ x = 9 or 1
f (x ) > 0, "x Î R
\ Sum of roots = 9 + 1 = 10
Þ f (-1 ) > 0 Þ a + b + 1 > 0
13. Given equation 5 + |2x - 1| = 2x (2x - 2)
17. x2 - (a - 3)x + a = 0
Case I
Now, D = (a - 3)2 - 4a
If 2x - 1 ³ 0 Þ x ³ 0 , then 5 + 2x - 1 = 2x (2x - 2)
= a 2 - 10a + 9 = (a - 1 )(a - 9)
Put 2x = t, then 5 + t - 1 = t 2 - 2t Þ t 2 - 3t - 4 = 0
Case I Both the roots are greater than 2.
Þ t 2 - 4t + t - 4 = 0 Þ t (t - 4) + 1(t - 4) = 0
B
Þ t = 4 or - 1 Þ t = 4 (Q t = 2x > 0) D ³ 0, f (2) > 0, - >2
x 2A
Þ 2 =4Þx=2 >0
a -3
Þ x = 2 is the solution. Þ (a - 1 )(a - 9) ³ 0; 4 - (a - 3)2 + a > 0; >2
2
Case II
Þ a Î (-¥ , 1] È [ 9, ¥ ); a < 10, a > 7
If 2x - 1 < 0 Þ x < 0 , then 5 + 1 - 2x = 2x (2x - 2)
Þ a ³ [9, 10] …(i)
Put 2x = y, then 6 - y = y2 - 2 y
Case II One root is greater than 2 and the other root is
Þ y2 - y - 6 = 0 Þ y2 - 3 y + 2 y - 6 = 0
less than or equal to 2. Hence,
Þ ( y + 2) ( y - 3) = 0 Þ y = 3 or - 2
f (2) £ 0
Þ y = 3 (as y = 2x > 0) Þ 2x = 3
Þ x = log 2 3 > 0 Þ 4 - (a - 3)2 + a £ 0
So, x = log 2 3 is not a solution. Þ a ³ 10 …(ii)
Therefore, number of real roots is one. From Eqs. (i) and (ii),

14. Given quadratic equations having roots a and b is a Î [9, 10) È [10, ¥ )
2
x + px + 2 = 0, so a + b = - p and ab = 2 Þ a Î [9, ¥ )
1 1 18. The given equation is
and having roots and is
a b
x2 - 2mx + m2 - 1 = 0
1 1 Þ (x - m)2 - 1 = 0
2x2 + 2qx + 1 = 0, so + = - q
a b Þ (x - m + 1 )(x - m - 1 ) = 0
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö Þ x = m - 1, m + 1
So, ç a - ÷ çb - ÷ ç a + ÷ çb + ÷
è aø è bø è bø è aø From given condition,
æ a b 1 öæ 1 ö m - 1 > - 2 and m + 1 < 4
= ç ab - - + ÷ ç ab + 1 + 1 + ÷
è b a ab ø è ab ø Þ m > - 1 and m > 3
æ a2 + b2 1 ö æ 1ö Hence, -1 < m < 3
= ç2 - + ÷ ç2 + 1 + 1 + ÷
è ab 2ø è 2ø 19. Note that coefficient of x2 is (4 p - p2 - 5) < 0.
é 5 (a + b )2 - 2ab ù é 9 ù Y
=ê - úê ú
ë2 2 û ë2û
9 9
= (5 - (- p)2 + 4) = (9 - p2)
4 4 X
Hence, option (d) is correct. 0 1

15. On multiplying the given equation by c /a3 , we get Therefore, the graph is concave downward.
2 2
bc 2 bc 2 According to the question,
x - 2 x+ c=0 1 must lie between the roots.
a3 a
2 Hence, f (1 ) > 0
æ bc ö æ bc ö
Þ a ç 2 x÷ - b ç 2 ÷ x + c = 0 Þ 4 p - p2 - 5 - 2 p + 1 + 3 p > 0
èa ø èa ø
bc Þ - p2 + 5 p - 4 > 0
Þ x = a, b
a2 Þ p2 - 5 p + 4 < 0
Þ (a + b )abx = a , b Þ ( p - 4)( p - 1 ) < 0
1 1 Þ 1 < p<4
Þ x= ,
(a + b )a (a + b )b Þ p Î{ 2, 3}
130 JEE Main Mathematics

20. Clearly, f (-1 ) > 0, f (2) < 0. Þ a 2- 20a + 100 - 4(33 - 4a ) ³ 0

Now, f (0) = - 4 < 0 Þ a 2 - 4a - 32 ³ 0
2
Þ f (-1) = 1 - a - 4 > 0 Þ a - 8a + 4a - 32 ³ 0
and f (2) = 4 + 2a - 4 < 0 Þ a (a - 8) + 4(a - 8) ³ 0
Þ a < - 3 and a < 0 Þ (a + 4)(a - 8) ³ 0
Þ a Î (-¥ , - 3) Þ a Î (-¥ , - 4] È [8, ¥ )
Y \The least positive value of ‘a’ for which the given
quadratic equation has real roots is 8.
Hence, answer 8 is correct.
0 2
X
25. Given, a and b are the roots of the equation
–1 x2 - 6x - 2 = 0.
Q a n = a n - b n for n ³ 1
x2 + 4 \ a10 = a10 - b10
21. a= -3
| x| a 8 = a8 - b8 Þ a 9 = a9 - b9
4 Now, consider
= | x| + -3
| x| a10 - 2a 8 a10 - b10 - 2(a 8 - b 8 )
=
4 2a 9 2(a 9 - b 9 )
³ 2 | x| -3 [Q AM ³ GM] Q a and b are the
| x| a 8 (a 2 - 2) - b 8 (b 2 - 2)
= 9 9
roots of
=4 -3 =1 2(a - b )
x2 - 6x - 2 = 0
Þ a ³1 a 8 × 6a - b 8 × 6b or x2 = 6x + 2
= 9 9
22. Given, p + q = 2 and p4 + q4 = 272 2(a - b ) Þ a 2 = 6a + 2
2
Þ ( p2 + q2)2 - 2 p2q2 = 272 6a 9 - 6b 9 Þ a - 2 = 6a
= and b2 = 6 b + 2
Þ (( p + q)2 - 2 pq)2 - 2 p2q2 = 272 2(a 9 - b 9 ) 2
Þ b - 2 = 6b
Þ 16 + 16 pq + 2 p2q2 = 272 6
= =3
Þ ( pq)2 - 8 pq - 128 = 0 2
8 ± 24
Þ pq = = 16, - 8 26. We have,
2
x2 - 1154x + 1 = 0
Þ pq = 16
Now, x2 - ( p + q)x + pq = 0 a + b = 1154, ab = 1

x2 - 2x + 16 = 0 Þ ( a + b )2 = a + b + 2 ab
or x2 - 2x - 8 = 0 = 1154 + 2 = 1156

23. Given, a + b = 1 , ab = - 1 Þ a + b = 1156 = 34

Again, (a1/ 4 + b1/ 4 )2 = a + b + 2(ab)1/ 4
\ Quadratic equation with roots a , b is
x2 - x - 1 = 0 Þ a 2 = a + 1 = 34 + 2 = 36
1/ 4 1/ 4
Multiplying both sides by a n - 1 a n + 1 = a n + a n - 1 …(i) \ (a +b ) = 36 = 6
Similarly, b n + 1 = b n + b n - 1 …(ii) 27. Let f (x) = (a 2 - 14a + 13)x2 + (a + 2)x - 2
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Equation have no distinct real roots.
n+1 n+1 n n n -1 n -1
a +b = (a + b ) + (a +b ) \ Either f (x) ³ 0 or f (x) £ 0 " x Î R
Þ Pn + 1 = Pn + Pn - 1 But f (0) = - 2 < 0
Þ 29 = Pn + 1 [Given, Pn + 1 = 29, Pn - 1 = 11] \ f (0) £ 0 " x Î R
Þ Pn = 18 So, f (- 1) £ 0

\ Pn2 2
= 18 = 324 Þ (a 2 - 14a + 13) - (a + 2) - 2 £ 0
Þ a 2 - 15a + 9 £ 0
24. Since the quadratic equation
2 33 Þ a 2 - 15a £ - 9
2x + (a - 10)x + = 2a has real roots, so D ³ 0
2 So, the maximum value of a 2 - 15a = - 9
æ 33 ö \ | - 9| = 9
Þ (a - 10)2 - 4(2) ç - 2a ÷ ³ 0
è2 ø
Quadratic Equations 131

28. We have, By symmetry of the results

2 2
x + 2(l + 1)x + l + l + 7 = 0 ( b - g ) ( b - d) = q + r
Both roots are negative, then D ³ 0 Hence, the ratio is 1.
\ 4(l + 1)2 - 4(l + l + 7) ³ 0 30. log 4 (2x2 + x + 1) - log 2(2x - 1) = 1
Þ l - 6 ³ 0 Þ l Î [6, ¥ ) ...(i) log e (2x2 + x + 1) log e (2x - 1)
Sum of roots = - 2(l + 1) < 0 Þ - =1
log e (4) log e 2
Þ l Î (- 1, ¥ ) ...(ii)
2x2 + x + 1
and product of roots = l2 + l + 7 > 0 Þ log e = log e 4
(2x - 1)2
Þ l ÎR ...(iii)
Þ (2x2 + x + 1) = 4(4x2 - 4x + 1)
\ From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Þ 14x2 - 17x + 3 = 0
l Î [6, ¥ )
The least value of l = 6 Þ (14x - 3) (x - 1) = 0
a + b = - pü 3
Þ x= , x=1
29. Here, ý Þa + b = g + d 14
g + d = - pþ
3
Now, (a + g ) (a - d) = a 2 - a(g + d) + gd But x = does not lie in the domain of function
14
= a 2 - a(a + b ) + r Hence, x = 1 is the only solution.
= - ab + r
= - (- q) + r = q + r