Inequations & Equations

INEQUATIONS & EQUATIONS Rg.
2019 - 2021
PREFACE
Why are we studying “Logarithms and Inequations” ?
Valid question,
If we don’t know the answer to this question we will never put an honest effort in understanding any
concept no matter how beautiful it may be. So let us present you a to the point answer.
1. Logarithms were invented way back, in the 1500s or 1600s. At that time, calculators didn't
exist. To do multiplications, divisions, and root extraction with numbers having five or more
digits required a lotof time and work. Logarithms reduced the needed amount of work by a
large amount.
2. Now that calculators and computers are common, logarithms are still very useful, but in a totally
different way. They are very closely related to exponential functions. The exponential function
is one of the most important functions in mathematics
3. In chemistry, pH (a very basic concept) is defined in terms of logarithms. In physics, they are
used for calculations involving radioactive decay. In biology, they are used for modeling
population growth.
4. As far as inequations are concerned they affect our life in countless possible ways. For example
if you say that minimum cutoff for passing marks in P, C,M are 30% and overall cutoff is 40%
we can say that p ≥ 30%, c ≥ 30%, m ≥ 30% and
p + c + m ≥ 40% using similar inequation IITs shortlist candidates.
5. Last but not the least is that these chapters which require relatively lesser effort form the
skeleton of almost every chapter of maths and hence without them we can never hope to solve
other chapters. So in less effort we are able to handle many questions, we would say it’s a great
deal, GO GRAB IT !!!
Have fun!
Maths Deptt.
IITians Pace
CENTERS : MUMBAI / DELHI /AKOLA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / PUNE / NAGPUR / BOKARO / DUBAI
INEQUATIONS & EQUATIONS Rg. 2019 - 2021
CONTENTS
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.


1 THEORY 01 – 21
2 EXERCISE – 1(A) 21 – 26
3 EXERCISE – 1(B) 27 – 32
4 EXERCISE – 2(A) 32 – 37
5 EXERCISE – 2(B) 38 – 43
6 EXERCISE – 2(C) 44 – 46
7 EXERCISE – 3 46 – 49
8 WINDOW TO JEE – ADVANCED 50 – 51
9 ANSWERS KEY 52 – 56
INEQUATIONS & EQUATION : Tentative Lecture Flow

(Booklet Discussion Included)
Basic properties of inequality, Linear inequations in one variable,
Lecture no.1
finding the feasible(optimal) solution
Lecture no.2 Inequations with absolute value, Irrational inequations
Properties of logarithms & Exponential function, Logarithmic &
Lecture no.3
Exponential equations
Lecture no.4 Logarithmic & Exponential inequations
Lecture no.5 Booklet Discussion
CENTERS : MUMBAI / DELHI /AKOLA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / PUNE / NAGPUR / BOKARO / DUBAI
INEQUATIONS & EQUATIONS
I. INEQUATIONS
Let us consider two expressions of x , E1 (x) and E 2 (x), where x  X.

(E1 and E2 are just the names given to the expressions. Since the expressions contain terms of x , so
we write x inside brackets.)
It is often necessary to know which values of x make the expression E1 smaller than E2 (i.e. the value
of E1 less than the value of E2). In other words , it is required to find all values of x such that E1 (x)
< E2 (x).
Thus, to solve the inequation E1 (x) < E2 (x) means to find all values of x , on substitution
of which, the inequation turns into a true numerical inequality. Such values of x are called
solutions of the inequation. The set containing all the solutions is called the solution set.
The inequation E1 (x) < E2 (x) is called strict and the equation E1 (x)  E2 (x) is called slack or
nonstrict.
Two inequations E1 (x) < E2 (x) and E3 (x) < E4 (x) are said to be equivalent on X if every
solution of the first inequation is also a solution of the second inequation and conversely, every
solution of the second inequation belonging to the set X is a solution of the first inequation.
In some cases , the given inequation can be reduced to a simpler inequation, equivalent to the given
inequation by successive transformations. The following assertions are often used to establish the
equivalence of inequations.
1. E 1 (x) < E 2 (x)   – E1 (x) > – E2 (x) , x  R.
2. If E1 (x) > 0 and E 2 (x) > 0 , x  X then

1 1
E1 (x) < E2 (x)  >
E1 ( x ) E 2 ( x)
3. If E1 (x) , E2 (x) and E 3 (x) are defined on the set X then

E1(x) < E2 (x)  E1 (x) + E3 (x) < E2(x) + E 3 (x)
and E1(x) < E2 (x) + E3 (x)  E1 (x) – E3 (x) < E2 (x)
4. If E1(x) , E2 (x) , E3(x) are defined on X and E3 (x) > 0 for all x in X then
E1 (x) < E2 (x)  E1 (x) E3 (x) < E2(x) E3(x)
5. If E1(x) > 0 and E2(x) > 0 then E1(x) < E2(x)  ( E1 (x))2 < (E2 (x))2
Note that
i) We have used the notation  for showing equivalence.

ii) Similar assertions hold true for nonstrict inequations as well.
iii) To show nonequivalence of two inequations on a certain set, it is sufficient toindicate one
element of that set, which is a solution to one inequation, but does not satisfy the other
inequation.
CENTERS : MUMBAI / DELHI / AKOLA / LUCKNOW /NASHIK / PUNE / NAGPUR / BOKARO /DUBAI # 1
Example
Are the following inequations equivalent on
i) the set of all positive numbers ?
ii) the set of all integers ?
a) (x + 7) (2x + 1) > (x + 7)2 and 2x + 1 > x + 7
b) x 2 + x + x <2+ x and x 2 + x < 2.
Explanation
a) i) Let x be a positive number i.e. x > 0.  (x + 7) > 0
Using assertion 4, gives two inequations are equivalent.
ii) Let x  R. Then x +7 may be positive, zero or negative. So , for x such that
x + 7  0, two inequations are not equivalent. Hence given inequations are not
equivalent for x  I.
b) i) For x > 0 , x is defined. Hence first inequation is defined for all x > 0.
Also, the second inequation is defined for x > 0.
Using assertion 3 , given two inequations are equivalent.
ii) For all real x , first inequation is not defined. So obviously, two given inequations are
not equivalent.
II. ABSOLUTE VALUE
It is denoted by |x|.
a) Definition
Let x  R , then the magnitude of x is called it’s absolute value and in general, denoted by |x| and
x , x  0
defined as x = 
 x , x0
Note that x = 0 can be included either with positive values of x or with negative values of x.
As we know all real numbers can be plotted on the real number line, x in fact represents the
distance of number ‘x’ from the origin, measured along the x-axis which serves as the number line.
Now any point ‘x’ lying on the real number line (x-axis) will have it’s coordinate as (x , 0). Thus it’s
distance from the origin will be magnitude of the value of x.
b) Properties
(i) |a.b| = |a|.|b|
a |a|
(ii) 
b |b|
(iii) a  b  a  b . In general a1  a 2  a 3  ...  a n  a1  a 2  a 3  ...  a n
(iv) a  b  ab
(v) a  b  a  b  a.b  0 & a  b  a  b  a.b  0

(vi) a  b  a  b  a.b  0 & a  b  a  b  a.b  0
(vii) a  b   a  b  a  b   0 & a  b   a  b  a  b   0
c) i) Graph of y = |x|
y
y =|x|
x
O
Clearly y takes only non negative values therefore the graph of y = |x|is above the x-axis (except at
x = 0).
Since y never takes negative values therefore no part of the graph of y = |x| is below the x-axis.
ii) Graph of y = |x – a| , a > 0 y

y = |x - a|
a  x if x  a
y | x  a |  
 x  a if x  a x
O a
We observe that for x < a and x > a , y is defined in two ways. i.e. y behaves before x = a in
a way different from what it behaves after x = a. x = a is called the critical point.
e.g. x = – 3 is the critical point if we consider |x + 3|.
To draw y = a – x  To draw x + y = a
(This equation represents the line passing through two points (a , 0) and (0, a).)
While drawing the line x + y = a , we draw the line only over (– , a), as we allow x to vary such
that x < a.
To draw y = x – a  x – y = a
(This equation represents the line passing through (a , 0) and (0, – a).)
While drawing the line x – y = a, we draw the line only over [a , ), as we allow x to vary such that
x  a. x+y=3 y x-y=3
e.g. if we have to draw y = |x – 3| then
y = |x – 3|
=3–x , x<3
=x–3 , x3 x
O 3
We draw the line x + y = 3 passing through (3, 0) and (0, 3) over (– , 3) and the line
x – y = 3 passing through (3, 0) and (0, – 3) over [3, ).
III. FUNDAMENTAL INEQUATIONS
i) |x|< a
Here a must be positive.

Squaring, we get x2 < a2  (x – a) (x + a) < 0
 x – a < 0 and x + a > 0 OR x – a > 0 and x + a < 0
 x < a and x > – a OR x > a and x < – a(absurd)

 –a<x<a
 The solution set is (– a, a).
ii) |x| a  The solution set is [– a, a]
iii) |x| > a
If a < 0 then x  R is a solution.
Let a  0.
Squaring, we get x2 > a2  (x – a) (x + a) > 0
 x > a or x < – a
 The solution set is (– , – a)  (a,)
iv) |x|  a
If a < 0 then x  R is a solution.

If a  0.  The solution set is (– , – a] [a, ).
If a = 0  The solution set is (– , ).
Illustration 1:
Solve |x + 1|< 3 , x  R
Sol. |x + 1|< 3
It is of the form |x| < a, whose solution is – a < x < a.
 –3<x+1<3
 –4<x<2
The solution set is (– 4, 2).
Illustration 2:
Solve |x2 + 1| < 2 x , x  R
Sol. x2 +1 > 0 for any real x.
 given inequation x2 + 1 < 2x
 (x – 1)2 < 0, which is not possible for any real x.
 The given inequation has no solution.
Illustration 3:
Solve |x + 2| < 5x , x  R
Sol. L.H.S. is non-negative  R.H.S. must be positive.
 x > 0 is a feasible solution.
For x > 0, the given inequation is of the form |x| < a , whose solution is – a < x < a
 – 5x < x + 2 < 5x
 – 5x < x + 2 and x + 2 < 5x
– 5x < x + 2 is a true statement for x > 0, ——— (1)
and x + 2 < 5x  5x – x > 2
 4x > 2  x > 1/2 ——— (2)
(1) and (2)  The solution set is (1/2, )
IV. INEQUATIONS WITH ABSOLUTE VALUE
To solve inequations of this kind, we need to partition the number line into subintervals so that we
can write the inequation on each of them without using the absolute value sign.
Illustration 4:
Find the value of ‘ x ‘ for equation , x + 5 + x – 1 = 7
Sol. x + 5 = 0 gives x = 5 & x  1 = 0 gives x = 1, hence divide the set of real numbers in three intervals
viz. x < 5, 5  x  1 & x > 1.
Case I : x < 5
As x < 5 implies x < 1 also, hence the given equation becomes  x  5  x + 1 = 7,
hence x = 11/2.
Case II : 5 < x < 1
in this interval the given equation becomes x  5  x + 1 = 7,
hence no solution.
Case III : x > 1
As x > 1 implies x > 5 also, hence the given equation becomes x 5  x  1 = 7,
hence x = 3/2.
Required solutions are 11/2 & 3/2
Illustration 5:
Solve x 2 – |6x + 5| > 0
5
Sol. Case I 6x + 5 < 0  x < –
6
Given inequation reduces to x 2 + 6x + 5 > 0
 (x + 1) (x + 5) > 0 x <–5 or x > –1
5
 x  (– , – 5)  (– 1, ) is a solution. ——— (1)
6
5
Case II 6x + 5  0  x  –
6
Given inequation reduces to x 2 – 6x – 5 > 0
 x 2 – 6x > 5  (x – 3) 2 > 14
 x < 3 – 14 or x > 3 + 14
 5 
 x  , 3  14   (3 + 14 , ) is solution. ——— (2)
 6 
(1) & (2)  The solution set is (– , –5)  (–1, 3 – 14 )  (3 + 14 , )
Illustration 6:
Solve the inequation , x – 1 + x – 2 < 7
Sol. x  2 = 0 gives x =  & x  1 = 0 gives x = 1, hence divide the set of real numbers in three intervals
viz. x < ,   x  2 & x > 2.
Case I : x < 
As x <  implies x < 2 also, hence the given inequality becomes  x   x + 2 < 7,
hence x > 2.
Taking intersection with x < gives2 < x < 1.
Case II :   x  2
in this interval the given inequality becomes x  1  x + 2 < 7,
Which is always true, hence   x  2
Case III : x > 2

As x > 2 implies x >  also, hence the given inequality becomes x  1  x  2 < 7,
hence x < 5.
Taking intersection with x > 2 gives 2 < x < 5, hence required solution set is 2 < x < 5.
SPECIAL CASES :
Type I f  x  g  x , f  x  g  x , f  x  g  x , f  x   g x 
To solve such inequalities square both the sides and write L.H.S. in the
form  f  x   g  x    f  x   g  x   .
Type II f  x   g  x   h  x  , where f  x   g  x    h  x 
To solve such inequalities solve f  x  g  x   0 .
Type III f  x   g  x   h  x  , where f  x   g  x    h  x 
To solve such inequalities solve f  x  g  x   0 .
Type IV f  x   g  x   h  x  , where f  x   g  x    h  x 
To solve such inequalities solve f  x  g  x   0 .
Type V f  x   g  x   h  x  , where f  x   g  x    h  x 
To solve such inequalities solve f  x  g  x   0 .

Illustration 7:
Solve x 2  2x  2  x 2  2
2 2
Sol. x 2  2x  2  x 2  2   x 2  2x  2    x 2  2 
  x 2
 2x  2    x 2  2    x 2

 2x  2    x 2  2   0
 6x  x 2  x  2   0
 x  x  1 x  2   0
Hence by wavy curve method x   , 1   0, 2 
Illustration 8:
Solve x 2  2x  3  1  2x  x 2  2
Sol. Here  x 2  2x  3   1  2x    x 2  2  , hence
x 2  2x  3  1  2x  x 2  2   x 2  2x  3  1  2x   0
  x  1 x  3 2x  1  0
1 
By wavy curve method x   , 3   ,1
2 
Illustration 9 :
Solve the Inequality 2x  1  x  2  x  1 .
Sol. As (2x 1) (x 2) = (x + 1) hence 2x  1  x  2  x  1   2x  1 x  2   0 .
Therefore x < 1/2 or x > 2.
INCHAPTER EXERCISE–1
1. Solve the following equations
3
(i) x  7 x  6  0 (ii) x  x  2  2
(iii) x  3  2 x  1  4 (iv) x  1  2 x  3  3 x  1  10
x2  5x  4
(v) x  1  2  3  2 (vi)  1.
x2  4
(vii) 5 x – 5 + 3 – 2 x = 3 x – 2
2. Solve the following inequalities.

(i) 5  2 x  1 (ii) 6 x  5  4
(iii) x  2  x  4 (iv) 2 x  4  x  1
3
(v) x  2  x  1  x  (vi) x 2  x  2  0
2
(vii) x 2 – |5x + 8|> 0 (viii) 2|x + 1|> x + 4
| x  2| 2
(ix) >0 (x) >1
x2 x4
2x 1 1
(xi) 2 (xii) 4 – 3 x 
x 1 2
x 1
(xiii) |x – 3| + |x + 2| < 7 (xiv)  x  2  x  3  0
 x 2  4x  5,  x 2  5x  6,
(xv)  (xvi) 
 x  1  3.  x  1  1.
ANSWER KEY
1. (i) 1, 2 (ii)  2,   (iii) –1 (iv) 9, 7 3
5 8
(v) –6,–2, 0, 2, 4, 8 (vi) , ,0 (vii) 1, 3 2 
2 5
 1 3  5 
2. (i) (2, 3) (ii)  ,    ,   (iii)  1,   (iv)  ,3 
 6 2  3 
9   5  57   5  57 
(v)  ,   (vi)  , 2   2,   (vii)  , 2    2 ,  
2     
(viii)  , 2    2,   (ix)  2,   (x)  2, 4    4, 6 
7 3
 
(xi) 3 4 ,   1 (xii)  , 
6 2
(xiii) (–3, 4) (xiv)  2, 1  1, 2 
(xv)  1, 2 (xvi) (2,0]
V. IRRATIONAL INEQUATIONS
a) SQUARE ROOT
Definition
For real x , x2 = |x|

= – x for x < 0
= x for x  0
Note that 1) The quantity inside the square root is non-negative.

2) The square root of a quantity is always non-negative.
b) Inequations containing radical signs :
Inequations containing a variable under the radical sign are usually solved by reducing them to
rational inequations. Sometimes it is possible to get rid of the radical signs by raising both sides of the
inequation to a power. But this operation often leads to an inequation non-equivalent to the original
one. Therefore one must be careful while solving irrational inequations. We must restrict to only
those values of the variable for which both sides of the inequation are meaningful. This restricted set
of values of the variable is called the feasible region. Clearly , the solution set  the feasible region.
c) Properties :
(i) a  b a b0 & a  b ab0
(ii) a  b  a  b 2 & b  0 or a  0 & b  0
&
a  b  a  b 2 & b  0 or a  0 & b  0
(iii) a  b  0  a  b2 & b  0 & a  b  0  a  b2 & b  0
SPECIAL CASES :
Type I a  b a b0
&
a  b ab0
Type II a  b  a  b 2 & b  0 or a  0 & b  0

&
a  b  a  b 2 & b  0 or a  0 & b  0
Type III a  b  0  a  b2 & b  0

&
a  b  0  a  b2 & b  0
Important Points to remember :
(i) To Solve inequalities of type a  b  c, a  b  c , a  b  c :
first find the domain by writing a  0,b  0,c  0 .
Afterwards square both the sides and rearrange terms to form inequalities of the types given in
special cases.
Take intersection of solution of this inequality & the domain to get the final answer.
(ii) To Solve inequalities of type a  b  c :

first find the domain by writing a  0,b  0 .
After wards take two cases.
Case I : c < 0.
In this case the answer will be intersection of solution set of c < 0 with the domain.
Case II : c  0 .
In this case square both the sides and rearrange terms to form inequalities of the types given in
special cases.
Take intersection of solution of this inequality with the solution of c  0 & the domain to
get the answer.
Final answer will be union of Case I & Case II.
(iii) To Solve inequalities of type a  b  c :

first find the domain by writing a  0,b  0 .
After wards write the inequality as a  b  c and take two cases
Case I : c  0 or c < 0 & b  c2 .
In this case square both the sides and rearrange terms to form inequalities of the types given
in special cases.
Take intersection of solution of this inequality with the solution of c  0 or c < 0 & b  c2 & the
domain to get the answer.
Illustration 10:
Solve 2x  5  5  x .
Sol. 2x  5  5  x ——— (1)
5
Observe that x  and x  5 (feasible region) ——— (2)
2
Squaring (1),
10
2x – 5 > 5 – x  3x > 10  x> ——— (3)
3
10
(2) & (3) give < x  5
3
10
 The solution set is ( , 5].
3
Illustration 11:
Solve 7 x  6 < x
Sol.  L.H.S. is non-negative,
 R.H.S. must be positive i.e. x > 0
Also 7x – 6 0
6
 The feasible region is [ , ) ——— (1)
7
* Squaring the given inequation,
7x – 6 < x2  x2 – 7x + 6 > 0
 (x – 1) (x – 6) > 0 x < 1 or x > 6 ——— (2)
6
(1) & (2) give x [ , 1) (6, )
7
(* The step of squaring the given inequation is valid only when two sides of the equations are non-
6
negative. For x  , two sides are non-negative.)
7
Illustration 12:
Solve the equation, x  2 x  1  4 , for the values of x .
2
Sol. x  2 x 1  4   
x  1  12  2  1  x  1  4
2
  x 1 1  4
 x 1 1  4
  x 1  5  
x 1  3  0
 x  1  5 or x  26 .
Illustration 13:
Solve the equation, 2x  3  x  2 , for the values of x .
Sol. 2x  3  x  2  2x  3  x  2 & 2x  3  0, x  2  0
x 5
Illustration 14:
Solve the equation, 2x  13  x  1 , for the values of x .
Sol. 2x  13  x  1  2x  13  x 2  2x  1 & x  1  0
 x 2  4x  12  0 & x  1
 x  6 &  2 , but -2 < -1, hence required solution is x = 6.
Illustration 15:
Solve the equation, x  1  x  6  x  22 , for the values of x .
Sol.   x  1 2   x  6 2   x  22 2  2  x  1 x  6   2  x  6  x  22   2  x  22  x  1
 3x 2  58x  201  0
67
 x3& 
3
But x  22  x  1  x  6 & x  1  0, x  6  0  1  x  15 .
67
Hence x   is invalid.
3
Only possible solution is x = 3.
INCHAPTER EXERCISE 2
x 2  13x  40
(i) 2
0 (ii)  x 2  2x  x 2  1  0
19x  x  78
(iii) 2x  3  x  3 (iv) 6  4 x  x2  x  4
(v) 4x  1  7  x  6 (vi) x  1  x  6  8x  1
x 2  3x 3x  x 2
(vii)  (viii) 3 x 2  15 x  2 x 2  5 x  1  2
x2 2x
1  2x  1
(ix) (16 – x2) 3  x = 0 (x) =1
x

x2 3x  1
(i)  1 (ii) 1
1  2x 2x
(iii) 3x  10  6  x (iv) 2 x  1  x
(v) x2  x 1 (vi) x  18  2  x
2 x 2  15 x  17
(vii)  x 2  1 x 2  x  2  0 (viii) 0
10  x
(ix) 8  2x  x 2  6  3x (x) x  3  x  15  6
(xi) 2 x 2  3 x  5 < x – 1 (xii) x  6  10  x  1
1  1  4x2
(xiii) <3 (xiv) 4  1  x  2  x  0
x
ANSWER KEY
1. (i) 8 (ii) –2, –1, 1 (iii) 6 (iv) –1

126
(v) 6, (vi) 3 (vii) [0, 2) (viii) 0, –5
25
(ix) {3, – 4} (x) {4}
1  3 
2. (i)  , 2  (ii)  , 2  (iii)  4, 6 (iv) 1, 2    2,  
2  4 
 1 
(v)   ,   (vi)  18, 2  (vii)  , 1   2,  
 2 
 17 
(viii)  ,    1,10  (ix) 1, 4 (x)  3,1
 2
5  16  7   1   1
(xi)  ,3  (xii)  2 ,10  (xiii)   , 0    0, 
2     2   2
 13  5 
(xiv)  2 ,1
 
VI. LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
The logarithm of a number ‘a’ to a base ‘b’  a  0, a  1  is the exponent indicating the power to
which ‘b’ must be raised to obtain ‘a’.
log b a  c  bc  a
The expression log b a is meaningfull only if a & b both are positive and b  1 .
If a & b or any one of them is a function of a variable x, then the set of values of x such that a > 0,
b > 0 & b  1 is called Domain of log b a .
Properties of Logarithm
(i) logamn = logam + loga n (ii) loga m = logam – logan

n
1
(iii) logamn = n log am (iv) log a k N = logaN
k
log a logc b
(v) a = b b (vi) logab = log a
c
(vii) clog b a = a log b c (viii) logb 1 = 0
(ix) logb b = 1
Graphs of y = loga x , a > 0 , a  1 , x > 0
y
y
y = logax
y = log a x
x O 1 x
O 1
(a < 1) (a > 1)
We observe that
i) When a < 1, log a x decreases as x increases.
& when a > 1,loga x increases as x increases.
ii) log a x < 0 for a <1 and x > 1. iii) log a x > 0 for a > 1 and x > 1.
iv) log a x > 0 for a <1 and x < 1. v) log a x < 0 for a > 1 and x < 1.
Illustrations 16:
Solve log2 ( x (x – 1) ) = 1
Sol. Clearly x (x – 1) > 0  x < 0 or x > 1 (feasible region)
Given equation is
log2 (x (x – 1)) = 1
 x (x – 1) = 2  x2 – x – 2 = 0
 (x – 2) (x + 1) = 0  x = 2 or – 1
Both values of x belong to the feasible region (and satisfy the given equation).
Illustrations 17:
Solve log (x 2 – 6x + 7) = log (x – 3)
Sol. log (x 2 – 6x + 7) = log (x – 3) ——— (1)
Note that here the base has not been mentioned explicitly. We can take any base c > 0, c  1.
Also x 2 – 6x + 7 > 0 and x – 3 > 0 ——— (2)
2
(1)  x – 6x + 7 = x – 3  x 2 – 7x + 10 = 0
 (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0  x = 2 or 5.
x = 2 is rejected as it does not satisfy (2). x = 5 satisfies (2) and the given inequation.
 x = 5 is the solution.
Rules for Logarithmic Inequalities :
(ii) log b a  0  a  1& b  1 or 0  a  1& 0  b  1

log b a  0  a  1& b  1 or 0  a  1& 0  b  1
(iii) log b a  0  a  1& 0  b  1 or 0  a  1& b  1

log b a  0  a  1& 0  b  1 or 0  a  1& b  1
(iv) log b a  1  a  b  1 or 0  a  b  1
log b a  1  a  b  1 or 0  a  b  1
(v) log b a  1  b  1 & 0  a  b or 0  b  1 & a  b

log b a  1  b  1 & 0  a  b or 0  b  1 & a  b
(vi) log b a  log b c  b  1 & a  c  0 or 0  b  1 & 0  a  c

log b a  log b c  b  1 & a  c  0 or 0  b  1 & 0  a  c
Illustrations 18:
If (log5 x)2 + 4log5 x < 5 then , find the value of x .
Sol. Let log5 x = y, then the given equation becomes y2 + 4y 5 < 0.
 (y + 5)(y - 1) < 0
 5 < y < 1
 5 < log5 x < 1
1
  x  5.
55
Illustrations 19:
Find the solution set of the inequation , log3 (x2 + x + 1) > 1 .
Sol. As the base is more than 1 hence according to Rule (iv) x2 + x + 1 > 1.
or x(x + 1) > 0
 x < 1 or x > 0.
Illustrations 20:
Solve the inequality log x  x  2   0 .
Sol. According to Rule (i)
x > 1 & x 2 > 1 or 0 < x < 1 & 0 < x 2 < 1
x > 1 & x 2 > 1 x > 3 &
0 < x < 1 & 0 < x 2 < 1 no value of x.
Required solution is x > 3.
Illustrations 21:
Solve the inequality log1/2 (x – 2) > 2.
 1
Sol. log1/2 (x – 2) > 2 log1/2(x – 2) > log1/2  
4
As the base is less than 1 hence according to Rule (vi)
 1
 0<x–2<    2 < x < 9/4
4
 9
So x   2,  .
 4 
Illustrations 22:
If log2 x  log1/2 (x – 1) , then find the interval of values of x.
Sol. We can write the given expression as log2x  log2 (x – 1) . 1

log 2 12  
 log2x  – log2 (x – 1)  log2 x (x – 1)  0
 log2x(x – 1)  log21  x (x – 2)  1
 x2 – 2x –1  0  (x – 1– 2 ) (x – 1 + 2 )  0
x  1 + 2 or x  1 – 2 but x > 1
 x  [1 + 2 , ) .
INCHAPTER EXERCISE 3
1. Solve for x
x 2 5 x 2 5
(i) 4 x   12 . 2 x 1 8  0 (ii) 52 x  32 x  2.5 x  2.3x
2
1
  x 1

(iii)  2 
x 3 2 x
 2 (iv) 3
2 x 1
 3x  2  1  6.3x  32( x 1)
 
x 4 x 2
(v) 5 x . x 8 x 1  500 (vi) x 4 5 x 2
. (0.2) x 2
 125.(0.04) x 4
(vii) x
64  3 23x  3  12  0 (viii) 2 x  2  2 x 1  2 x 1  2 x 2  9

(i) log x 1 3  2 (ii) log 5 x (x 2  2x  65)  2
(iii) log 3 (x  1)  log 3 (x  3)  1 (iv) x 2log x  10x2

(v) log 4 (2log 3 (1  log 2 (1  3log 3 x)))  1/ 2 (vi) x log10 x 1  106
2
(vii) log x (9x2 ). log3 x   4 (viii) 1  2log (x  2) 5  log 5 (x  2)
1
(ix) logx – 1 (2x 3 – 10x 2 + 13x – 1 ) = 3 (x) 2 log2 sinx + log2 (4 cot 2 x) =
log 3 2
1 1
(xi) 6 log 2  x  2   3  log 1 3x  5 (xii) 25 log 10 x  5  4 x log 10 5
8

 2x 2  3x  1 
2
(i) log1/2 (x  1) > 0 (ii) log 2 2  1
 x  5x  6 
2 3
(iii) log 2 x  log x 1 (iv) log 4 x  log x 4 
2 2
 3
(v) log x  2x    2 (vi) log 2 log 3 log 4  x  1  0
 4
(vii) log 2 log1 3 log 8  x  1  0 (viii) x log 2 x  2  8
x
(ix) log3 (16x – 2(12x )) 2x + 1 (x) log2 (sin ) < – 1, x (–, )
2
ANSWER KEY
1. (i) {9/4 , 3} (ii) {1} (iii) {9} (iv) {log 3 (2  11/ 3)}
(v) {3} (vi) {9} (vii){3} (viii) (   , 2]
2. (i) 1  3 (ii) –5 (iii) 0 (iv) 101 3 , 101 3
1 9
(v) 3 (vi) 103 ,102 (vii) ,3 (viii) , 23
9 5
n 
(ix) 5 (x) n   1 (xi) 3 (xii) 10
6
 11   1  1
3. (i)   
2, 1  1, 2  (ii) 
7 
, 2    3,   (iii)  0,    2, 4
2 
(iv)  0,   1,16
 2 
3 1  3 1 
(v)  ,   1,  (vi)  65,   (vii) (2, 3) (viii)  , 2
8 2  2 8 
   
(ix)  log 4 2 , log 4 3 (x)  0, 
 3 3   3
VII. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

y = a x , a > 0.
a x is an exponential expression of x.
The following statements are true for any positive a and any real x and y.
ax 1
1. a x a y = ax + y 2. = ax – y 3. a –x =
a y
ax
4. (a x ) y = a xy 5. a0 = 1
Following are the graphs of y = a x.

y y
y = ax
y = ax
1 1
x x
O O
( 0 < a < 1) (a > 1)
We observe from the graph of y = a x,

i) when a < 1, a x decreases as x increases and
when a > 1, a x increases as x increases.
ii) The values of ax are always positive as the graphs are always above the x-axis for all x.
(C) Exponential equations & Inequalities

One has to be careful while applying formulae (stated before) related to exponential & logarithmic
expressions in solving exponential, logarithmic equations or inequations. It may lead to a loss of
solutions or to an appearance of extraneous solutions. We shall try to draw your attention to this fact
in the illustrations.
An equation of the form a x = b , a > 0 , a  1.
possesses a solution for any b > 0 and that solution is unique. In fact the solution is x = loga b.
If a = 1 then the equation a x = b reduces to 1x = b, which has a solution only for

b = 1. And in fact any real x is a solution.
An equation log a x = b , a > 0 , a  1 has a solution for any b  R and that solution is unique.
In fact the solution is x = a b.
Exponential and logarithmic equations are generally solved by taking logarithm or anti-logarithm.
Illustrations 23:
Solve 4(9x – 1) = 3 2 2 x  1
Sol. 4(9x – 1) = 3 2 2 x  1 ——— (1)
Since both the sides are positive we can take logarithm. Choice of base is ours and hence, to be
chosen intelligently. We take base 2.
1
log2 4 + (x – 1) log2 9 = log2 3 + (2x + 1) log2 2 ——— (2)
2
Solving (1) is equivalent to solving (2).
1
 2 log2 2 + 2(x – 1) log2 3 = log2 3 + (2x + 1)
2
1
 2 + 2x log2 3 – 3 log2 3 = x +
2
3 1 3
 x (2 log2 3 – 1) = 3 log2 3 – = (6 log2 3 – 3) = (2 log2 3 – 1)
2 2 2
3
 x= as 2 log2 3 – 1  0
2
(D) Logarithmic and exponential inequations
Logarithmic and exponential inequations are to be solved using basic properties.

Following rules must be followed for solving such inequalities.
Rules for Exponential Inequalities :

 x  0 if a  1  x  0 if a  1
(i) ax  1   & ax 1 
 x  0 if a  1  x  0 if a  1
&
 x  0 if a  1  x  0 if a  1
ax  1  & ax 1  
 x  0 if a  1  x  0 if a  1
x  y if a  1 x  y if a  1
(ii) ax  ay   & ax  ay  
 x  y if 0  a  1  x  y if 0  a  1
&
x  y if a  1 x  y if a  1
ax  ay   & ax  ay  
 x  y if 0  a  1  x  y if 0  a  1
x  log a b if a  1  x  log a b if a  1
(iii) ax  b   & ax  b  
 x  log a b if 0  a  1  x  log a b if 0  a  1
 x  log a b if a  1  x  log a b if a  1
ax  b   & ax  b  
 x  log a b if 0  a  1  x  log a b if 0  a  1
Illustrations 24 :
Solve the equation, 2x 1  41/x .
Sol. 2x 1  41/ x  2 x 1  2 2/ x
x  y if a  1 x  y if a  1
Now a x  a y   & ax  ay   , hence
 x  y if 0  a  1  x  y if 0  a  1
x2  x  2
x + 1 > 2/x or 0.
x
 x  1 x  2 
 0
x
Hence x   1,0    2,   .
Illustrations 25 :
Find the set of values of x for the inequality, 25x – 5x + 1 + 4 < 0.
2
Sol. 25x  5x 1  4  0   5x   5  5x   4  0
Let 5x  y, then y 2  5y  4  0  1  y  4 .
Now 1  5x  4  0  x  log 5 4 .
Illustrations 26:
x
Find the set of values of x for the inequality, 2  1  3  3 .
Sol. Case I : x > 0, then 2x > 1, hence
2x  1  3  4  2 x  4  4
  2x  8  2 x  0 or x  3 .
Case II : x < 0, then 2x < 1, hence

2x  1  3  4  2x  2  4
 2x  2 or x  1 .
Hence required solution is x  3 .
Illustrations 27:
Solve (0.5)1 / x  0.0625

Sol. (0.5)1 / x  0.0625  (0.5)1 / x  (0.5) 4
1
  4
x
(Observe that 0.5, i.e. the base, is less than 1, so inequality in powers reverses. Refer to the graph
of y = a x , a < 1 to get more clarity.)
1
 4 is surely satisfied by x < 0. (Note this step !)
x
1
Also  4  x  1/4  The solution set is (–  , 0)  [1/4 , ).
x
Illustrations 28:
2
Solve (x  3)2 x 7 x
>1
2
Sol. (x  3)2 x 7 x
>1 ——— (1)
Case I : x – 3 > 1. ( x > 4)
Then the given inequation is true if and only if 2x 2 – 7x > 0.

(Refer to the graph of y = a x , a > 1. When base a is more than 1 and y > 1, then x > 0)
x31

This means that any solution to the system of inequations &  ——— (2)
2 
2x  7 x  0 
is a solution of the original inequation (1).
(2)  x > 4 and x (2x – 7) > 0  x > 4 and (x < 0 or x > 7/2)
 x>4  x > 4 is a solution ——— (3)
Case II : x – 3 < 1 (  x < 4).

Then the given inequation is true if and only if 2x 2 – 7x < 0

x31

This means any solution to the system of the inequations &  ——— (4)

2x 2  7 x  0 
is a solution of the original inequation.
(4)  x < 4 and x (2x – 7) < 0

7 7
 x < 4 and 0 < x <  0<x<
2 2
Also base x – 3 > 0
7
 3<x< is a solution ——— (5)
2
(4) & (5) give the solution set (3, 7/2)  (4, )
INCHAPTER EXERCISE – 4

(i) 4x 2 2  9.2x 2  2  8  0 (ii) log 3 (1  log 3 (2x  7))  1
log 2 (9  2 x )
(iii) log 3 (3x  8)  2  x (iv) 1
3x
 1 
(v) log 3  log 9 x   9x   2x (vi) log 7 (2x  1)  log 7 (2x  7)  1
 2 
(vii) log 3 (3x  6)  x  1 (viii) (x 2 – 3x – 3)|x + 1| = 1
2 2
(ix) | x  3 |( x  8 x  15) / x  2
=1 (x) 125x – 2 = (24 3 )3  x
(xi)  4 15   4
x
15 
x
8 (xii) 2x  5  7  4x
(xiii) log3x x = log 9x x (xiv) 25log x  5  4 x log
10 10 5
2. Solve the following inequalities

2
(i) a x x
 a 2 ,0  a  1 (ii) 49x  7 x 1  98  0
2x 1
3
2x 1  1  1x  1 
(iii) (0.2) 1 x
5 (iv)    
5 5
1
1/ x
4 x  2 x  2  25
(v) 5x  2    (vi) 0
 25  4x  2x 1  23
x x 2x –1 – 1
(vii) 3  1  3  8 (viii) 2
2x 1  1
x 2 x 2
(ix) 22 x  7  2 x  1 (x) a  a  a  a  a  a , a  1
2
(xi) | x |x x2
1 (xii) x(log10 x )2  log10 ( x )3 1  1000
ANSWER KEY
1. (i) x  1 (ii) 4 (iii) x = 2 (iv) 0
1
(v) (vi) 3 (vii) 2 (viii) 4, –1
3
13
(ix) 4, 5 (x) 1, (xi) 2, –2 (xii) 
3
(xiii) 1 (xiv) 10
2. (i) [–1, 2] (ii)  ,1 (iii)  , 0   1,   (iv) (1, 4)
 9 
(v)  0,   (vi) 1,3 (vii)  log 3 ,  (viii)  ,  
 2 
(ix)  log 4 7, 2  (x)  ,   (xi) (1, 2) (xii) 1000,  
EXERCISE - 1[A]
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT
1. log ab  log b 
(A) log a (B) log a (C)  log a (D) None of these
2. The value of  log 4  is

2
0.5
(A) 2 (B)  4  (C) 2 (D) None of these
3. The value of log 3 4.log 4 5.log5 6.log 6 7.log 7 8.log8 9 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
4. log 7 log7 7 7 7 
(A) 3log 2 7 (B) 1  3log3 7 (C) 1  3log7 2 (D) None of these
5. The value of 811 log5 3   27log9 36  34 log 7 9 is equal to

(A) 49 (B) 625 (C) 216 (D) 890
6. If log k x.log5 k  log x 5, k  1, k  0, then x is equal to

1 1 1
(A) k (B) , 25 (C) 5, (D) 5,
5 5 25
7. If log5 a.log a x  2 , then x is equal to
(A) 125 (B) a 2 (C) 25 (D) None of these

8. If A  log 2 log 2 log 4 256  2 log 2 2 , then A is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7
9. If log10 x  y , then log1000 x 2 is equal to
3y 2y
(A) y 2 (B) 2y (C) (D)
2 3
10. If a, b, c are distinct positive numbers, each different from 1, such that
logb a logc a  loga a   log a b logc b  logb b  log a c logb c  logc c   0 , then abc 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None of these

11. If log1 2 sin x  0, x   0, 4  , then the number of values of x which are integral mutiples of 4 ,
is
12.  
The set of real values of x satisfying log1 2 x 2  6 x  12  2 is
(A)  , 2 (B)  2, 4 (C)  4,   (D) None of these
13. The set of real values of x for which 2log 2  x 1  x  5 is
(A)  , 1   4,   (B)  4,  
(C)  1, 4  (D) None of these
14.  
Solution set of inequality log10 x 2  2 x  2  0 is
(A)  1,1  3  (B) 1  3,3
 
(C)  1,1  3  1  3, 3 (D) None of these
x2
15. The set of real values of x for which log 0.2  1 is
x
 5 5 
(A)   ,     0,   (B)  ,  
 2 2 
(C)  , 2    0,   (D) None of these
16. a m log a n 
(A) a mn (B) mn (C) n m (D) None of these
17. If a mn  a m n , then the value of ' m ' in terms of ' n ' is
(A) n (B) n1 m (C) n1  n 1 (D) None of these
13 2 3  1 4 9 3 2 1 3
18.    
x5 16 x3  x
4


2 
(A)  x 4 3 (B)  4x 3 (C) 8x3 (D) None of these
m
   22n  2n  1
2n 1
19. If m 1 n 22m , then m 
 
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) n (D) 2n
4 4
x
x3
20. If x  x3 , then x 
(A) 1, 1/5 (B) –1, 1 (C) 0.5, 1 (D) 1, 64/27
1 1
21. If x  23 2 3 , then 2 x3  6 x 
x
22. Solution of the equation  x  x x  x x is  
(A) 9 4 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 0.5
23. If 5 x 1  5  0.2  x  2  26 , then x may have the value

(A) 25 (B) 1/3 (C) 3 (D) None of these
1 4 1
24. If x   2 , then the value of x  4 is
x x
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 34
1 1 1
 x  bc  x c
b a
 ca  x  ab
25. The value of   .   .  on simplifying is
 xc   xa   xb 
     
1
(A) x (B) (C) 1 (D) 1
x
26. If a m .a n  a mn , then m  n  2   n  m  2  is
1
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D)
2
27. If log  x  1  log  x  1  log 3 , then value of x is
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) none of these
28. The greatest value assumed by the function f  x   5  x  3 is

(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 5
2m 3  32m  n  5m  n 3  6n 1
29. The value of is equal to
6m 1 10n 3 15m
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2m (D) None of these
2 1
30. The solution set of the equation 3 is
x  x3  2
(A) 8,1 (B) 8,1 (C) {–8,2} (D) 2, 2
a 2 b2 c2
31. If a  b  c  0 , the value of   is (abc  0 )
bc ca ab
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3
32. If 2 x  2 x1  4 , then x x is equal to

 log x2  log y2 
 log x  log y 
33.
 log x2  log y2  log x  log y  is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log x (D) log xy
y
34.  2

If log10 2 x  7 x  16  1 , the value of x is
3 3 2 2 3
(A) 2 or (B) 2 or  (C) 2 or (D) or
2 2 3 3 2
 1 
35. 
a b c

For all a  0, b  0, c  0, log a b c  log   is equal to
 abc 
 a b c 1 

(A) log a
a 1b n 1c c 1
 (B) log  a b c 


abc 
(C) log  a 
a 1bb 1cc 1
(D) log a  log b  log c
36. If log10  log10  log10 x    0 , then
(A) x  103 (B) x  1010 (C) x  105 (D) None of these
37. The solution of  25 x  2  125  2 x  4 is
3
(A) (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 2
4
x 1  x 13
38. The roots of the equation   are
1 x x 6
3 2 13 11 9 4
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) None of these
13 13 6 6 13 13
39. The real roots of the equation 3 y  1  y  1 are
(A) 0, 1 (B) 2,3 (C) 2,1 (D) None of these
1
40. If x  7  4 3 , then the value of x is
x
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4
41. The equation x3  3x  q  0 will have two roots equal, if the value of q is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
42. If log16x + log4x + log2x = 14, then x =

(A) 16 (B) 32 (C) 64 (D) 256
1
43. If 4 – 3 x  then x is equal to :
2
7 3 7 3 7 3
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D) None of these
6 2
  6 2  6 2
44. The product of all the roots of the equation x2  x – 6 = 0 is

(A) –9 (B ) 6 (C) 9 (D) 36
x 1
45. Set of values of x satisfying x  2  0 , is
(A)  , 2    2,   (B)  2, 1  1,2  (C)  , 1  1,   (D)  2, 2 
46. The solution set of x  1 + x + 5= 6 is :

(A) [ 5 , 1] (B) [1 , ) (C) (  ,  5] (D) R
47. The solution set of log1/2 (x2  1) > 0 is


(A) 1 , 2  
(B)  2 ,  1  
(C)  2 , 2  (D) None of these
10
48. If log2 x + logx 2 = = log2 y + logy 2 and x  y , then x + y is equal to
3
65 37
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) None of these
8 6
49. The solution set of the inequality, log 3 x 2

 3x  2   2 , is :
2
1   5 1   5
(A)  , 1   2 ,  (B)  , 1   2 , 
2   2 2   2
1   5
(C)  , 1   2 ,  (D) none of these
2   2
2
50. Complete solution set of the inequality, a x x
 a 2 ,0  a  1 , is
(A) [1, 2] (B) [2, 1] (C) [0, 2] (D) [0, 1]
51.  x  1  x 2  5x  7    x  1 , then x belongs to

(A) 1, 2    3,   (B) (2, 3) (C)  ,1   2,3 (D) None of these
52. The solution set of x  1  1  x , x  R is
(A) (-1, 1) (B)  0,   (C)  1,   (D) None of these
53. The solution of the inequation 4 x  0.5  7.2 x  4, x  R is
 7
(A)  2,   (B)  2,   (C)  2,  (D) None of these
 2
2
54. x  3, then x belongs to
x
(A)  2, 1  1, 2  (B)  , 2    1,1   2,  
(C)  2, 2  (D)  3, 3
55. Solution of 2x  2 x  2 2 is

(A) , log 2  2 1  (B) (0, 8)
1  1 
(C)  , log 2
2
 
2 1 


(D) , log 2  
2 1    ,  
 2 
56. The solution of the ineuquation log1/ 3  x 2  x  1  1  0 is
(A)  , 2   1,   (B)  1, 2 (C) (-2, 1) (D)  ,  
57. The set of all real numbers x for which x 2  x  2  x  0, is
(A)  , 2    2,   
(B) ,  2    2,  
(C)  , 1  1,   (D)  2,  
58. Solution set of inequality, log1/2 x  log1/3 x is given by
(A) (0 , ) (B) (1 , ) (C) (0 , 1] (D) None of these
2
 (log3 x ) 2 10
1
59. The set of all x satisfying the equation, x log3 x = is
x2
 1   1   1 
(A) {1, 9} (B)  1 , 9 ,  (C)  1 , 4 ,  (D)  9 , 
 81   81   81 
1 1 1
60. If x = loga bc, y=logb ca, z = logc ab, then + y 1 + z 1 =
x1
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 3
EXERCISE - 1[B]
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT
1. Complete solution set of the inequality, 3x  1  3x  9 , is

(A) x > 1 (B) x > 2 (C) x > 0 (D) x > log35
2. Number of solutions of the equation, 25  5x  4x  16 , is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
3. The set of all real x satisfying, 4x  1  7  x  0 , consists of

(A) two rational numbers (B) one irrational number
(C) two integers (D) None of these
2 2
4. The set of all x satisfying, 4 x 2
– 9 . 2x 2
+ 8 = 0, consists of
(A) infinitely many points (B) four integer points
(C) Two integer points (D) None of these
3
 1
5. Let 0 < x < 1 , then the expression ( x  1) 2 + 4 (2 x  1) 4 – 3  x  
 2
(A) is 5/2 (B) is 1/2 (C) is – 1/2 (D) Depends on x
2x –1 – 1
6. The solution set of inequality,  2 , contains
2x 1  1
(A) all real numbers (B) finite number of integers
(C) no negative number (D) no real number
7. If 22 x  7  2 x  1 , then complete set of values of x is

(A)  3,log 2 7  (B) log 4 7,log 2 7  (C)  log 4 7, 2  (D) none of these
8. |x3 – 1|  1 – x
(A) (–, –1][0, ) (B) (–, 0][1, ) (C) (–, 0)(1, ) (D) (–, 0)(0, )
| x  2 | x
9. 2
x
(A) (–, –2)  (1, ) (B) (–, 0)  (1 ) (C) (–, 0)  (2, ) (D) (–, –2)(1, )
x 2  5x  4
10. 
x2  4
(A) [0, 8/5][5/2, ) (B) (0, 8/5][5/2, ) (C) (0, 8/5)(2, ) (D) [0, 2][5/2, )
x 2  | x | 12
11.  2x
x 3
(A)  (B) (3, 4) (C) (–, 3) (D) (–, 3) 
x 2  3x  1
12. 3
x2  x 1
(A) (–, –1)(–1, ) (B) (–, –2)(–2, ) (C) (–, –2)(–1, ) (D) (–, –3)(1, )
| x  3 | x
13. If  1 , then least integral value of x is
x2
(A) –5 (B) –2 (C) –1 (D) –4
x 2 2
14. 1 
x2 3
(A) (–6/5, –1]  [2, 3) (B) (–6/5, –1)  (2, 3)
(C) (–6/5, –1)  [2, 3) (D) (–6/5, –1]  (2, 3)
15. 4  1 x  2  x  0
(A) (1, 2) (B) (( 13  5) / 2,1]
(C) (( 13  5) / 2,2] (D) none
2 |x|
16. Greatest integral x satisfying 4  x    , is
x
(A)  (B)  C (D) 
| x2||x |
17. Solution set of   , is
4  x3
(A) [ 2, 3 4) (B) [0, 3
4) (C) [ 1, 3 4) (D) none
 x 1 
18. Solution set of log 4   > 0, is
 x2
(A) (1, 0) (B)  , 2  (C) (0, ) (D) (1, 0)
 3  3   3
19. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 + ax + b = 0 , then 
 2  2   2
3b 3b
(A) (B) (C) 3b (D) 2 a
2a 2a
20. If f  x   x3  2 x 2  k is divisible by  x  1 , then the value of k is

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
21. If two roots of 4 x3  20 x 2  23 x  6  0 are equal, then the roots are

(A) 6, 6,1 2 (B) 1 2,1 2, 6 (C) 1 2 ,1 2 , 3 (D) 6,1 2,1 2
1 1 1
22. If , ,  are roots of 2 x3  5 x 2  3x  1  0 , then   is
  
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
23. The roots of the equation x3  4 x2  x  6  0 when two of the roots are in the ratio 2 : 3 is
(A) 2,3, 1 (B) 4, 6, 1 (C) 3,9, 2 (D) None of these
24. The value of k if the roots of 4 x3  12 x 2  11x  k  0 are a  d , a, a  d , is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
25.  
If 3  2 is a root of x3  11x 2  37 x  35  0 , then the rational root of equation is
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
26. If x  1 is a factor of x 4   p  3 x3   3 p  5  x 2   2 p  9  x  12 , then value of p is

(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 1
27. If x  1  i is a root of x3  ix  1  i  0 , then the quadratic equation whose roots are the remain-
ing two roots of x3  ix  1  i  0 is
(A) x 2  1  i  x  1  i  0 (B) x 2  1  i  x  1  0
(C) x 2  2 1  i  x  2  0 (D) none of these
28. Irrational roots of the equation 2 x 4  9 x3  8 x 2  9 x  2  0 are

(A) 2  3, 2  3 (B) 2  3, 2  3 (C) 2  3, 2  3 (D) none of these
29. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3  1  0 , the equation whose roots are   1,   1,   1
3 2
(A) x  3x  3x  2  0 (B) x3  3x2  3x  0
(C) x3  3 x 2  3x  2  0 (D) x3  3x 2  3x  2  0
30. If a, b, c are the roots of the equation x3  3x  2  0 , find a3  b3  c3

(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 6 (D) 2
31. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3  1  0 then  4  4   4 

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 2
32. A cubic equation roots of which is twice of the roots of the equation x3  3x 2  2 x  4  0 , is
(A) x3  6 x2  8 x  32  0 (B) x3  8x2  6 x  32  0
(C) x3  6 x2  6 x  32  0 (D) x3  4 x 2  8 x  32  0
33. If  3  5 2  5  3  0, 3  52  5  3  0 &  3  5 2  5  3  0 . Then      is

(  ,  ,  are distinct)
(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 1
1/ x
x+ 2
 1 
34. Solution set of the inequality, 5 >   , is.
 25 
(A)  0,1 (B) 1,  (C)  0,  (D)  2,  
x 2  5x  6
35. 0
| x | 7
(A) (–7, 2) (B) (2, 3) (C) (3, 7) (D) (–, 2)  (3, 7)
2x  1
36. 2
x 1
(A) (–, 1)  (1, ) (B) (3/4, 1)  (1, ) (C)(3/4, ) (D) (3/4, 1)  (1, )
1 1
37. Least positive integral value of x satisfying  , is
| x | 3 2
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 3
38. Solution set of (x  1) x 2  x  2   is

(A) a discrete & finite set (B) a discrete but infinite set
(C) a continuous infinte set and a singleton value (C) infinite but discontinuous set
39. Least positive real number x satisfying (x 2  1) x 2  x  2   , is

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) none
40. Solution set of the inequality, 49x  7 x 1  98  0 , is

 1  1
(A)  1,   (B)  ,  (C)    ,1  (D)  1, 
 2   2 
41. If , ,  are the roots of x3 + 2x2 – 3x – 1 = 0, then -4 + -4 + -4 is

(a) 129 (b) 149 (c) 139 (d) 119
42. If the equation 2x3 – 9x2 – 6 = 0 is transformed into an equation in which the second term is missing,
the roots are to be diminished by
(a) 2/3 (b) -2/3 (c) 3/2 (d) -3/2
43. If , ,  are the roots of x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0, then the equation whose roots are
 + ,  + ,  +  is
(a) x3 – 2px2 + (p2 + q)x + (r – qp) = 0 (b) x3 + 2px2 + (p2 – q) x + (r + qp) = 0
3 2 2
(c) x + 2px + (p + q) x + (r + qp) = 0 (d) x3 + 2px2 – (p2 + q) x – (r + qp) = 0
44. If , ,  are the roots of x3 – 2x2 + 5x – 3 = 0, then the equation whose roots are
1 1 1
 + ,   ,   is
  
3 2
(a) 3x + 20x – 32x + 64 = 0 (b) 3x3 – 20x2 + 32x – 64 = 0
(c) 3x3 + 20x2 + 32x – 64 = 0 (d) 3x3 – 20x2 – 32x + 64 = 0
45. If one of the roots is 3  2, then the equation of lowest degree with rational coefficients is
(a) x4 – 10x2 – 1 = 0 (b) x4 – 10x2 + 1 = 0 (c) x4 + 10x2 – 1 = 0 (d) x4 + x2 – 10 = 0.
46. The roots of the equation x2 – 2mx + m2 – 1 = 0 belong to (-2, 4), then m belongs to
(a) [-1, 3] (b) (-1, 3) (c) (-2, 4) (d) [-2, 4]
47. If k  R. One root of the equation (2k + 1)x2 – kx + k – 2 = 0 is less than 1 and the other greater
than 1 iff
1 1 1 1
(a)   k  (b) k  (c) k   (d) 0 < k < 1
2 2 2 2
48. Let r1, r2 and r3 be the solutions of the equation x3 – 2x2 + 4x + 5074 = 0 then the value of
(r1 + 2) (r2 + 2) (r3 + 2) is
(a) 5050 (b) 5066 (c) – 5050 (d) – 5066
1
49. A polynomial on division with x – 2 and 2x – leaves remainder 1 and 2 respectively. What would
2
be remainder when polynomial is divided by (x – 2) (4x – 1).
– 4 x  15 4x  7 4x – 7 –7  4x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 3 3 3
1 1
50. Solution set of the inequality log (22x – 1)  log (2x  1) is
3 3
(a) (1, 2) (b) (0, 1) (c) (–1, 1) (d) None of these
51. Number of digits in the number 12300 are (Given log10 2 = 0.3010, log10 3 = 0.4771)
(a) 323 (b) 324 (c) 325 (d) none of these
52. If log10 2  0.3010 , then log 5 64 

602 233 202 633
(a) (b) (c) (d)
233 602 633 202
53.
log 3 3
If 2 10  3k log10 2 , then k 
1 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 2
2 2
54. If x  log5 1000  and y  log7  2058  , then

(a) x  y (b) x  y (c) x  y (d) none of these
55. The roots of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 , where a  R  , are two consecutive odd positive inte-
gers, then
(a) b  4a (b) b  4 a (c) b  2 a (d) none of these
56. If , ,  are the roots of x3 – x – 1 = 0, the transformed equation whose roots are
1  1  1 
, and is
1 1  1 
(a) y3 + 7y2 – y + 1 = 0 (b) y3 – 7y2 + y – 1 = 0
(c) y3 + 7y2 + y + 1 = 0 (d) y3 – 7y2 – y -1 = 0
57. If , ,  are the roots of x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0, then the transformed equation whose roots are
( + ),  ( + ), ( + ) is obtained by the substitution x =
2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
y 3 y3 y3 y 3
58. a, b, p, q are non-zero. The equations ax + by = 1 and px 2 + qy 2 = 1 have only one solution. Then
a2 b2 a 2 b2 a b a b
(a)  1 (b)  1 (c) 2  2  1 (d) 2  2  1
p q q p p q q p
59. f (x) = 0 has exactly eight real and distinct roots, and f (4 + x) = f(4 – x) , for all x. The sum of all
the real roots of f (x) = 0 is
(a) 0 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 64
60. For x , y R what is the minimum value of x2 + 2xy + 3y2 – 6x + 6y ?

(a) – 54 (b) 0 (c) 27 (d) – 27
EXERCISE - 2 [A]
MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS MAY BE CORRECT
3 x 4
1. The equation 184x – 3 = (54 2 ) has a solution which is
(A) an even integer (B) a prime number (C) coprime with 5 (D) none of these
2x 1
2. Let S be the set of all values of x which satisfy the inequality 2 > , then which of
2x  5x  2 x 1
the following are subsets of S ?
 2 1  2 
(A) (– 2, 0) (B) (– 2, – 1) (C)   ,   (D)   , 0 
 3 2  3 
3. If 2576a456b is divisible by 15, then

(A) a may take the value 5 (B) b may take the value 0
(C) a may take the value 4 (D) a may take the value 6
4. Let the number of positive and negative solutions of x2 – 6x – |5x – 15| – 5 = 0 be  and m
respectively, then
(A)  + m = 2 (B) 3 + m = 4 (C) 3 – m = 0 (D) 3 – m = 2
2x  3 1
5. If 2
 , then x can lie in which of the following intervals? (Mark all the right options)
x  x  12 2
(A) (– , 3) (B) [– 3 ,3) (C) (– , – 4) (D) [6, )
6. If |x – 1|+|5 – 2x|=|3x – 6|, then x may belong to which of the following intervals? (Mark all the right
options)
(A) [5/2 , ) (B) [1 , 5/2] (C) (1,5/2) (D) (– ,1]
7. Which of the following statement(s) are true :

(A) log2 3 > log12 5 (B) log6 5 > log7 11
(C) log3 82 > log2 15 (D) log1615 > log1011 > log76
8. For the equation 2x2  6 2x  1  0

(A) roots are rational
(B) if one root is p  q then the other root is p  q
(C) roots are irrational
(D) none of these
9. The equation logx + 1 (x – 0.5) = logx – 0.5 (x + 1) has

(A) no real solution (B) no prime solution
(C) an irrational solution (D) no composite solution
10. A value of log (1)1/ 5  (32)1/ 5  (243)1 / 5  is

(A) log 1 + log 32 + log243 (B) log(32 × 243)
1
(C) log 6 (D) (log1 + log32 + log243)
5
11. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 – 2x + 3 = 0, then
(A) the equation whose roots are – , – , –  is x3 – 2x + 3 = 0
1 1 1
(B) t the equation whose roots are , , is 3x3 – 2x2 + 1 = 0
  
(C) the equation whose roots are  + ,  + ,  +  is x3 – 2x – 3 = 0
  
 
–13
(D) the value of is
 1  1  1 4
12. Consider the following statements for real values of x :

S1 : x2 + |x| + 1 = 0 has exactly 2 solutions.
S2 : x2 – 5|x| + 6 = 0 has exactly 4 solution.
S3 : x2 – |x| – 2 = 0 has exactly 2 solutions.
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3 are true or false
(A) T F T (B) F T T (C) F T F (D) T T F
13. If x1 log 5 x  0.04 , then x 

(A) 5 (B) 1/5 (C) 25 (D) 1/25
2
14. If x   2, 4  then for the expression x  6 x  5
(A) least value is  4 (B) the greatest value is 4
(C) least value is 3 (D) the greatest value is  3
17 1x
15. The values of x satisfying the equation 102 x  251 x   50  are
4
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/2 (C) 4 (D) 1/4
16. Solution of x 2  4 x  3  2 x  5  0 is
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 1  3 (D)1  3
17. If 4 x2  4 x  122  47 for all x  R then  can have the value

(A) 3/2 (B) 2 (C)  2 (D) 1
1
18. If  log 0.1 x  2 , then
2
1 1
(A) the maximum value of x is (B) x lies between 1 100 and
10 10
1
(C) x does not lie between 1 100 and (D) the minimum value of x is 1 100
10
19. If log 2 3
2 x 2
  
 7  2  log 2 3 x1  1 , then number of real values of x are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
 a1 1 3
20. If log a a a1  4 , then log a1a2 will be
1 2
 a2 1 2
17 17
(A) less than 3 (B) equal to (C) more than 3 (D) greater than
6 6
21. If f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 4 = 0 has a repeated root, then the roots can be
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) -1
22. If the roots of x2 + x + a = 0 exceed ‘a’ then a satisfies the interval

(a) –3 < a < –2 (b) a < –1/2 (c) –3 < a < 3 (d) a < –3
   
23. The solution set of tanx  3 cotx ; x   ,  x  0 , is
 2 2
            
(a)  ,    0,  (b)  , 0    0, 
 2 6   3  6   3
     
(c)  , 0  (d)  , 
 3  3 2
3
24. The value of x satisfying  2  x < 2 is/are
2x
(a) (– , 1) (b) (– , 2) (c) (1, 2) (d) (–7, 1)
25. The real values of simultaneous equations : xy + 3y2 – x + 4y – 7 = 0 and 2xy + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0

is
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x  R, y = 1 (c) x = 1, y = 1 (d) x = –1, y  R
26. If kx2 + kx – (2k + 1) > 0 is satisfied for at least one real value of x, then set of all values of k is
 4
(a)  – , –  (b) (0, ) (c) (2, ) (d) (–1, 2)
 9
27. The solution set of the equation logx2 . log2x2 = log4x2 is

1
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
(c) 2 2 (d)
2
28.   
Solution of log 2 x 3 6 x 2  23 x  21  4  log 3 x 7 4 x 2  12 x  9 is/are 
1 1 1
(a)  (b)  , 2 (c)  , 2, 4 (d) 2, –2
4 4 4
The interval of x for which 2

log  x1
29. 2
 x  5 is true is/are
(a)  , 1 (b)  6,   (c)  1, 4  (d) (4, 6)
x2  2x  4 1
30. Given that, for all real x , the expression lies between and 3. The values between
x2  2 x  4 3
9.32 x  6.3x  4
which the expression lies are
9.32 x  6.3x  4
1 1
(a) 0 and 2 (b) and 1 (c) 1 and 3 (d) and 3.
3 3
10 x
31. If log 2 x  log x 2   log 2 y  log y 2 and x  y , then can be
3 y
8 10 4
(a) 2 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 3 (d) 2 3
32. Let S denote the set of values for which the equation 2 x 2  2  2a  1 x  a  a  1  0 has one root
less than a and other root greater than a , then S can be
(a)  0,1 (b)  1,1 (c) 1,   (d)  , 1
33. The solution of 2 x  2 x  2 2 is

(a) , log 2  2 1 (b)  0,8 
 1 1 
(c)  log 2

 
2 1 , 
2

(d) , log 2  
2 1    ,  
 2 
4 4 4
34. The roots of the equation  3  x    2  x    5  2 x  are
(a) exactly two real roots (b) all imaginary or all real roots
(c) atleast two imaginary roots (d) more than two real roots
35. If all real values of x obtained from the equation 4 x   a  3 2 x  a  4  0 are non-positive, then
a can take the value
(a) 17 (b)  4,5 (c)  4,   (d)  5,  
36. If 27 x  2cos 3y  8  6cos y  4.3x 1.cos y , then

(a) x  log 2 3 (b) x  log 3 2 (c) y  2n ; n  I (d) sin y  0
37. If x  y  3, y  z  5, z  x  7 , then the equation has

(a) No rational values of x, y, z possible (b) No integral solution for x, y, z
(c) Unique irrational solution x, y, z (d) No real x, y, z possible.
x2  2x  7
38. If x  R, then range of is ‘D’ then which of the following is/are true?
x2  2 x  7
 2   4 
(a) If x  R  1 , range is D    (b) If x  R  1 , range is D   
5  3
(c) If x  R  0 , range is D  1 (d) If x  R  2, 0 , range is D  1
39. Consider the system log2 x = log4 y + log4 (4 – x) & log3(x + y) = log3 x – log3 y and the
following statements
(a) Every x & y satisfying 0 < x < 4 and y > 0 respectively, is a solution of the system.
(b) Every x & y satisfying x2 = 4y2 satisfies the system.
(c) The system has a unique solution.
(d) There is a unique pair of x, y where 0 < x, y < 2
3  3
40. The value of x satisfying the inequality 2cos2 x > , x lies in
2 2 2
     5 7     5   7   
(a)  ,   ,  (b)  ,    , 
 6 6  6 6  6 6   6 2
      7         5 
(c)  ,   ,  (d)  ,  , 
 2 6  6 6   2 6  6 6 
41. The inequality x8 – x5 + x2 – x + 1 > 0 holds true for

(a) (– , 0) (b) (1, ) (c) [0, 1] (d) R
42. Consider the inequation x2 + y2 – xy – x – y +1  0. Then x, y may satisfy all points of the relation
(a) y = 2x (b) x 2  y 3  10
(c) sin y = tan x (d) 2  tan 2 y  cos2 x
43. Set in which there are no values of ‘a’ for which the equation x2 + (a log(1 – a2))x – (a2 – 1) = 0 has
roots with opposite signs is
(a) (–, –1)  (1, ) (b) (–1,1)
(c) (0, 1)  (1, ) (d) (–1,0)
44. The 4th degree equation x 4 – 4x 3 + ax 2 – bx + 1 = 0 has all the roots positive. Then
(a) b = 6 (b) a = 4 (c) a = 6 (d) b = 4
45. The solution set of log a x  log a x 2 is

(a) (0, 1) for 0 < a < 1 (b) (0, 1] for 0 < a < 1
(c) [1, ) for a > 1 (d) (0, ) for a > 1
46. The solution set of the inequation log3(x + 2) > logx+2 81 is

 17 
(a)  7,   ; if x > –1 (b) (– 2, –1); if x < –1 (c)  , 1 ;if x < –1 (d) 1,   ;if x > –1
 9 
1 1
47. The set of values of x satisfying the inequation  is :
 x  1 log 4 (x  3)
log 4  
 x  2
(a) (– 3, – 2) (b) (– 1, 1) (c) (1, ) (d)  , 1
48. Let n be a product of four consecutive integers, then

(a) (n + 1) is always perfect square (b) n is never a perfect square
(c) n is always divisible by 24 (d) (n + 2) is always perfect square
49. There are four prime numbers between n and 2n. Then, possible values of n is
(a) n = 4 (B) n = 12 (c) n = 10 (d) n = 50
50. There exists positive integers x, y and z satisfying 28x + 30y + 31z = 365, then the value of z – 2x
for some such triplet is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
EXERCISE - 2[B]
COMPREHENSIONS TYPE
PASSAGE 1
Let ||x – a| – b| =  . Then

(i)  = 0, b > 0  equation has two solutions
(ii) b >  > 0  equation has four solutions
(iii) b =  > 0  equation has three solutions
(iv) 0 < b <   equation has two solutions
1. If number of solutions of ||x + 1| – 2| = 1 is k, then k =

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
2. If number of solutions of ||x – 2| – 3| = k is , where k is obtained from Q.1 then  =

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
3. Number of solutions of ||x – 2| – 5| =  + 3 where  is obtained from Q. 2 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
PASSAGE-2
Given that N = 7log49 900 , A = 2log2 4  3log2 4  4log2 2  4log2 3 , D = (log5 49) (log7 125)
Then answer the following questions : (Using the values of N, A, D)
4. If logA D = a, then the value of log6 12 is (in terms of a)
1 3a 1 2a 1  2a 1 3a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3a 3a 2a 2a
1 ma
5. If the value of log6 12 obtained in the correct option of previous question is , then which of
na
the following options is correct ?
(A) logN m < logm N = logn N (B) logN m < logn N < logm N
(C) logm N < logN m < logn N (D) logm N < logN m = logn N
6. If the values of m and n are as obtained above, then the value of log N
|N + A + D + m + n| –
 A 
 10 
log5 2 is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
PASSAGE 3
Consider the equation
y = 4 – |4x2 – 9|, where x, y  R.
7. The set of all possible values of y is
(A) (– , 4] (B) (– , 4) (C) [– 4, 4] (D) None of these
8. If y = – 3, then number of possible values of x is

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
9. If y = |z| + 4, then number of possible ordered pair (x, z) is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) infinite
PASSAGE 4
Domain of an Algebraic function y = f(x) is the set of values of x for which the function is defined.
If D1 & D2 are the domains of f1(x) & f2(x), then domain of h(x) = f1(x) + f2(x) is D1 D2 and
g(x) = f1(f2 (x)) is {x  D2 : f2(x)  D1}.
10. Domain of y = logx (4 – x) + log3 (2 + x) is

(A) (– 2, 4) (B) (4, ) (C) (– 2, 1)  (1, 4) (D) (0, 1) (1, 4)
  x
11. Domain of y = log2  x  3  is
 
(A) (– , – 3) (B) (– , – 3)  (0, ) (C) (0, ) (D) (– ,  )
 x4
12. Domain of y = log 1   + x –1 is
2
x 1
(A) (– , ) (B) (– 4, 1) (C) (– , – 4) (1, ) (D) None of these
PASSAGE -5
If f (x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x + 1| + |x + 2|
13. Which of the the following is true for the graph of f (x)
(a) symmetric about y - axis (b) symmetric about x - axis
(c) attains minimum value at x = 0 only (d) minimum value is 2
14. The solution of the equation f(x) = 6 is
(a) [–1, 0] (b) [–1, 1] (c) [–2, –1] (d) (1, 2)
15. The smallest integral value of k for which f(x) = 4k has an integral solution
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
16. The solution of the inequality f  x   20 is

(a) [–2, 2] (b)[–3, 3] (c) [–5, 5] (d) [–7, 7]
PASSAGE - 6
 x  1 x  3
If y  then
 x  2  x  4 
17. The range of y if x   , 1
(a)  , 1 (b) (–1, 0) (c)  ,0  (d) (0, 1)
18. The range of y if x   1,2 

(a)  0,  (b)  ,0  (c) (0, 1) (d) (–1, 1)
19. The range of y if x   2, 4 

(a)  0,  (b)  ,0  (c)  ,   (d)  ,1
20. The interval of k for which f(x)= k has a solution in the interval  4, 
(a) 1,  (b)  ,0  (c)  ,   (d)  ,1
PASSAGE - 7
x x
If f  x   2  3  1 ,
g  x   sin x; 2  x  2 and

h(x) = 2x + 3
21. The number of solution of the equation f(x) = h(x) is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
22. The number of solution of the equation |f(x)| = |g(x)| is

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
23. The number of solution of the equation f(x) – h(x) = 2x2 – 2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
PASSAGE - 8
 
If , , ,  are the solutions of the equation tan      3 tan 3 ,no two of which have
 4
equal tangents. Then,
24. The value of tan   tan   tan   tan  is
1 8 8
(A) (A) (B) (C)  (D) 0
3 3 3
25. The value of tan  tan  tan  tan  is

1
(A)  (B)  2 (C) 0 (D) None of these
3
1 1 1 1
26. The value of   
tan  tan  tan  tan 
(A)  8 (B) 8 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/3
ASSERTION & REASONING TYPE (FOR QUESTION NO. 27 – 33)
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation

for STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct expla-
nation for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True.
27. STATEMENT-1 : 13 is NOT a root of the equation x4 – 5x3 + 56|x – 3| = 0.

STATEMENT-2 : Non-zero integral root of a polynomial equation a0 xn + a1 xn – 1 + ..... + an – 1 x
+ an = 0, where a0, a1, ....... , an  I, a0  0, an  0 can only be among the divisors of constant
term an.
28. STATEMENT 1 : Equations x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 and x2 – ax + b = 0, where a, b  R, have exactly one

common root, then a = 4 and b = 1
STATEMENT 2 : If quadratic equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 with rational
coefficient have atleast one common irrational root, then we must have a = a1k, b = b1k and c = c1k,
for some real number k  0.
29. STATEMENT 1 : When a polynomial P(x) (degree > 2) is divided by (x – 1) and (x – 2) the
remainders are –1 and 1 respectively. If the same polynomial is divided by(x – 1) (x – 2), then the
remainder is (2x + 3)
STATEMENT 2 : If P(x) is divided by a quadratic expression, then the remainder is either 0 or a
polynomial whose degree is at most 1.
30. STATEMENT 1 : log3 (x2 + 1) + |log4 y2| = 0 has solutions equivalent to the system x2 + 1 = 0 and
y2 = 0
STATEMENT 2 : Sum of two non-negative quantities is equal to zero, only when both quantities are
equal to zero simultaneously.
31. STATEMENT 1 : log10 ( 13  12 ) < log0.1 ( 14  13 )

STATEMENT 2 : (i) If a > 1, then x > 1  logax > 0 and 0 < x < 1  logax < 0
(ii) If 0 < a < 1, then x > 1  logax < 0 and 0 < x < 1  logax > 0
32. STATEMENT 1 : If log sin 2  b  log sin 2  c then b > c
STATEMENT 2 : If log a b  log a c then b > c
33. STATEMENT 1 : The number of solution of equation 2x  x 2 is 3

STATEMENT 2 : The graph of 2x cuts the graph of x2 at x = 2, 4 and a negative x
MATRIX - MATCH TYPE
34. Column–I Column–II

(A) Set of all the solutions of inequality (p)  , 2   5,  
( x –1)2 ( x  1)( x – 2)
( x – 5)  0 is
(B) Set of all solutions of inequality (q)  , 1  1,5 
| x | ( x – 5)
0 is
( x – 2) 
(C) If P = {log10 x : x is a four digit number} and (r)  1, 2   5,  

Q = {log10 x : x is a two digit number}, then
P Q =
(D) Set of all the solutions of inequality (s) 1, 2    3, 4 
( x –1)( x  1)( x – 2)2

( x – 5)  0 is
35. Column–I Column–II

(A) If log3( 5 + 8 log49(5 + 4log49 7)) = |k|, (p) 0
then value of k is
(B) log0.5 4 2 is equal to (q) 1
(C) The number of roots of equation logx(x2 – 1) = 0 is (r) 2
2
1 2
(D) If x  9  77 , then the value of x   (s) –2
11  x
is equal to
36. Column – I Column – II

(A) x 2  3x  4  0 (p)  ,3   5,  
(B) x2  2x  2  0 (q) [–4, 1]
(C) x2  x  6  0 (r)  , 2  3,  

(D) x 2  8 x  15  0 (s) (–2, 3)
(t)  , 4  1,  
2  x2
(A) 2 (p)  , 1
1  x2
(B) x8  x 5  x 2  x  1  0 (q) (–1, 0)
(C) x12  x9  x 4  x  3  0 (r) (0, 1)
2 x2  1
(D) 1 (s) 1,  
4 x2  1
x2  6x  5
38. Let f  x  
x 2  5x  6
Column – I Column – II
(A) If –1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (p) 0 < f(x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, then f (x) satisfies (q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (r) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (s) f (x) < 1
39. Solution set of x, if

Column – I Column – II
 3 9
(A) x2 5 (p)  , 
 2 2
(B) x 1  x  2  6 (q) (–3, 3)
1
(C) 4  3x  (r) (–3, 7)
2
7 3
(D) x2  2  7 (s) 6 , 2
 
(t) (–3, 6)

(A) If x1 and x2 satisfy the equation x log10 x  100 x , (p) irrational
then the value of x1.x2 equals
(B) Sum of the squares of the roots of the (q) rational
equation log 2  9  2 x   3  x , is
1
(C) If log1 8  log1 4  log1 2 x    , then x is (r) prime
3
(D) If logb a = 3, logb c = –4 and the value of (s) composite
x satisfying the equation a 3 x  c x 1 is
expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are
relatively prime, then p + q is
EXERCISE - 2 [C]
1. The number of solutions of x  2  2  3  x  is
2. The number of solutions of 3 x  2  x  11 is
3. Least positive integral value of x satisfying 2 x  1  x  4 is
4. Solution set of x  1  x  4  7, comprises of n disjoint and largest possible sets, then the value
of n is
5. The exhaustive solution set of x 2  5 x  6  0 is  b, a    a, b  , where a, b > 0, then the
value of a + b is
6. Let m & n be the least and the greatest integer values of x satisfying x 2  4x  5 , then (n m) is
equal to
7. The number of integers satisfying x 2  x  5  0 is
x 3
8. Number of integers satisfying  0 in [0, 10] is
x2
9. Solution set of x 2  2 x  3  1 has n integers, where n is
x2 2
10. Number of positive integers satisfying 1   is
x2 3
2x 2  15x  17
11. Number of positive integers satisfying  0 is
10  x
12. If the least and greatest integral values of x satisfying x  1  9  x are m & n respectively, then
m + n is equal to
13. The number of integral value of x for which  x 2  2x  24  8x  x 2 is
14. Number of integral solutions of the equation, 2x 1  3x  5x 1  22 , is
15. Number of solutions of the equation, 25  5x  4x  16 , is
16. If 9 x  6x  6 x  4x , then the number of values of x is
17. If 2x + 1 – 1 + 2x + 1 + 1 = 2|x + 1| , x  R, then the value of x is
log 2 x 3  3log x 4
18. If x  2 = (x – 2)3 , then the sum of values of x  3 are
19. If log16x + log4x + log2x = 14, then log2 x =
20. The value of x for which the equation log2 x  3 log2 x  2 is true, is
21. The sum of all the roots of the equation x2  x – 6 = 0 is
22. The number of integers in the set of all the solutions of the inequality , log1 – x (x – 2)  – 1 is
23. The number of solution of the equation x  1  x  1  4 x  1 is
log 3 x 2  2log x 9
24. The number of solutions of  x  1   ( x  1)7 is
25. n > 0 and the equation 2x 2 – 4x + log2 n = 0 has real roots. The maximum value of n is
26. The number of solutions of the equation 2log 2x = log(x2+ 75) is/are
x 2  8 x  15
27. The number of solutions of the equation | x  3 | x 2  1 is/are
28. The smallest prime number x, satisfying log2x (x2– 5x + 6) >1, is
2
29. The number of (x, y) satisfying the system of equations y x  7 x  12
 1 and x + y = 6, where x, y  I
and x > 0
30. The number of ordered pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation |x + 2| = 9 – y 2 – 3, is
2
31. Number of real solutions of the equation log10 (–x) = log10 x is/are
32. For a > 0, a  1 the number of real values of x satisfying the equation
2logx a + logax a + 3 loga2x a = 0 is/are
log3 135 log3 5
33. Let N = log 3 – log 3 , then N is equal to
15 405
log( x – 3 ) ( x 2 – 4 x 3 )
 1
34. Number of integral solutions of inequality    1 is/are
 10 
35. If a  0, a  1 , then the equation 2 log x a  log ax a  3log a 2 x a  0 is
36. The number of integral solution of the equation x  3  4 x  1  x  8  6 x  1  1 has
37. The number of negative integral solutions of x 2 .2 x1  2 x3 2  x 2 .2 x3  4  2 x1 is/are
38. The number of values of x that satisfy x  1  x  4  x  2  x  3 is/are
39. The number of ordered pair (x, y) for the system xx–y = yx+y, ( x ) y = 1 has
40. The number of values of y that satisfy 2x+1 = y2+ 4 and 2x–1  y is/are
41. How many solutions does the system |x| + |y| = k , k > 0 and xy (x + y) = 0 have ?
42. The sum of all the distinct values of m for which the roots x1 and x2 of the quadratic equation
x2 – mx + 2m = 0 satisfy the condition x13  x 23  x12  x 22 , is/are
43. The number of solutions of |x2 +3x|+ x2– 2= 0, x R, is/are

x y

y x
44. Number of ordered pair(s) (x, y) satisfying the system of equations 4  32 and
log3 (x – y) = 1 – log3 (x + y), is/are
45. The number of real solutions of the system of equations shown below is-
x1 + x2– x3– x4= 1, x1 + 2x2+ 3x3 – x4 = 2, 3x1 + 5x2 + 5x3 – 3x4= 6.
EXERCISE - 3
SUBJECTIVE TYPE
1. Find the number of solutions of |log x – log x2| = – x
Find the value of 4log 7

2. 2
+ log2 3 . log3 5 . log5 2 + 6.
3. If one root of equation x2 – x + 12 = 0 is even prime while x2 + x + µ = 0 has equal roots, then
value of µ is
4. Find the sum of all the integral solutions of inequality

( x  8) 4 ( x  2)5 ( x  1)3 ( x  1) 2 ( x  5)2
0 .
x4  2 x3  x  2
( x  1)2 ( x  1)3 2 ( x  4) 1
5. Solve 4 0 6. Solve ( x  1) ( x  7)  x  2
x ( x  2)
| x  3|
7. Solve 2
2
x  5x  6
2x  1 3 x  1
8. Find the greatest integer x such that  >1
3 2
9. x y = y x and x 2 = y 3
Solve for x; Q. 10 to Q. 20
10. (logx + 1 (x 3 – 9x + 8) ). (logx – 1 (x + 1) ) = 3 11. 25 x – 12 (2 x ) – (6.25) (0.16) x = 0
12. log2 (x 2 – 4x + 4) + 2x > 2 – (x+1) log. 5 (2 – x)
 2x  1 
13. log 1    1 14. log3 (16x – 2(12x )) 2x + 1
x  x  1 
2 2
15. (5  2 6 )x 3
 (5  2 6 )x 3
 10 16. log 4 log 2 x + log 2 log 4 x = 2
2
17. 72x  5x  6
 ( 2 )3 log 249
  8 x 
18. 3x + (3 – x) log 3 2 = log3  9    2 (6x )  1
  3 
 
19. log3 (log2 x – 9)= 2 + log 3 (1 – 4 log x 4)
 5  5
20. log 1  cos x    log 1  cos x  2
3 
6  3 
6 
21. Solve the system of equations |x2 – 2x| + y = 1. x2 + | y | = 1.  x  N 
2a  1 x
22. Solve  ,a  R.
 a  3  x  2  x  2
ax 2  3x  4
23. For what values of a, is the inequation 2  5 satisfied by all real x ?
x  2x  2
 
24. If , ,  be roots of 2x3 + x2 – 7 = 0 then find the value of      .
 
25. Sum of integers from 1 to 100 which are neither divisible by 3 nor by 5 is
1000a + 100b + 10c + d, where a, b, c, d,  {0, 1, 2, ...., 9}, then find the value of
a+b+c–d
26. Find all integers x satisfying x 4 – 3x 3 – x + 3 < 0
27. Solve the following systems of equations:-

i] y – 2x +1= 0 ; y –|x|–1= 0 ii] x + 2y – 6 = 0; |x – 3|– y = 0
iii] xy + x + y =11; x 2y + xy 2 = 30 iv] y + x – 1= 0; |y|– x –1= 0
a
28. Let k  {0, 1, 2, 3}. Find all values of k such that 1  2(k  3 )
 2 , where a = log3 log3 2.
29. Answer as directed:-

i) The number of values (real) of x , such that 3 x – 1 + 3 1 – x  2, is .
x
ii) Let , be the values of x, in the interval [–,] such that 2cos2 x sin2 = 5 t + 5 – t for some
2
t R. Then |–| equals .
log b log a
iii) Which is greater , a or b ? (Given that a > b > 0 and neither of them is 1)
30. Solve the following inequations :

i) loga x < 6 logx a – 1 , a > 0 , a  1
ii) 2x < 31 / x
31. Solve the following inequations :

i) 36x – 3 < 4 27 2 x -1
ii) 0 . 8 x – 1. 25 x + 1 > 0. 25
32. For what values of a does the equation logx + a (x – 2) = 2 possess a unique solution?
33. Solve the following system of equations :-

i) 3(x 2y – 1) = 4 & x y+1 = 6
1  1 
cos y  
ii) 4 sinx
+3 = 11 & 5(16 ) – 2  3 cos y  = 2
sin x
 
 
iii) x log 3 y = 27 y & ylog 3 x = 81 x
 x  3y  4 
iv) log2 (10 – 2y) = 4 – y and log2  3y  x  = log2 (x – 1) – log2(3 – x)
 
34. Solve for x, y, z
 b  c  y  z   ax  b  c
 c  a  z  x   by  c  a
 a  b x  y   cz  a  b
where a  b  c  0
35. Real numbers x, y , z satisfy x + y + z = 4 and x2 + y2 + z2 = 6. Find the minimum and

maximum values of x.
36. For all real x and y , show that x2 + 2xy + 3y2 + 2x + 6y + 3  0
37. Solve the following systems of equations ( x , y , z are complex ) :-

i) x + y + z =13 , x2+ y2 + z2 = 91 , y2 = zx
ii) x2– xy + y2 = 21 , y2 – 2xy + 15 = 0
xy yz zx
iii)  1,  2, 3
xy yz zx
38. Solve for real x , x  2 x  1  x  2 x  1  2
39. x , y , z are real. If x + y + z = 2 = x2 + y2+ z2 , find the least , and greatest, values of x.
40. Find the number of integral solutions (x , y , z) of the system 3x – y – z = 0, – 3x + z = 0,

– 3x + 2y + z = 0 , and x 2 + y 2 + z 2  100.
3
41. Find the sum of all the real roots of the equation 6 x  28  3 6 x  28 = 1.
(Hint : Do not actually solve the equation.)
42. For what m  R expression 2x 2  mxy  3y 2  5y  2 can be expressed as
 x  y  v  px  qy  r  ? Also for those of m, factorize the expression.
43. Obtain the real solutions for x, y xy  3y 2  x  4y  7  0 and 2xy  y 2  2x  2y  1  0
44. Solve for x, y, z

xy  x  y  23 xz  z  x  41 yz  y  z  27
45. Solve the following systems of equations:-

i] |x – 1|+ y= 0; 2x – y = 1
ii] 2y 2 + xy – x 2 = 0 ; x 2 – xy – y 2 + 3x + 7y + 3 = 0 (x and y are integers)
iii] x 2 + y 2 – x – y = 6 – 2xy ; x – 2y = 3
46. Solve the system (x,y are real) 3 x – 2 y = 1 , log2 x + log3 y = 2
47. Solve , for real x , x 2  3x  2  1  x2  x  1
48. log ( x 3) (2( x 2  10x  24))  log ( x 3) (x 2  9)
49. log x ( 9  x 2  x  1)  1
50. solve 5x 2  6 x  8  5x 2  6 x  7  1 .
51. Solve for x :  3x 2

 6x  7   5x 2
 10 x  14  = 4 – 2x – x2
52. solve x  x   (1  x)  1 .
x x2
53. Solve the equation  |x|
x 1 |x  1|
1
54. Solve a x > , a  R.
x
ax  1 x  4 a a2
55. Solve   , a  R.
3 2 6
WINDOW TO JEE ADVANCED
1. If ,  are the roots of the equation, (x  a)(x  b) + c = 0, find the roots of the equation,
(x ) (x ) = c. [REE 2000 (Mains)]
2. (a) For the equation, 3 x2 + px + 3 = 0 , p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, then p is equal
to:
(A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2/3
(b)If  &  ( < ), are the roots of the equation, x2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
(A) 0 <  <  (B)  < 0 <  < 
(C)  <  < 0 (D) < 0 <  < 
(c)If b > a , then the equation, (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0, has :

(A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in (, a)
(C) both roots in [b, ) (D) one root in (, a) & other in (b, + )
[JEE 2000 Screening ]
(d)If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a  0) and  +  ,  +  , are the roots of,
b 2 4ac B2  4AC
Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, (A  0) for some constant , then prove that, = .
a2 A2
[JEE 2000, Mains]
3. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let ,  be the roots of the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of , .
[JEE 2001]
4. The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0, is
(A) (–, –2) U (2, ) (B) (–, – 2 ) U ( 2 , )
(C) (–, –1) U (1, ) (D) ( 2 , ) [JEE 2002 ]
5. If x2 + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b  R then find the values of ‘a’ for which equation has
unequal real roots for all values of ‘b’. [JEE 2003]
6.
(a) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is the square of the other, then
(A) p3 + q2 – q(3p + 1) = 0 (B) p3 + q2 + q(1 + 3p) = 0
(C) p3 + q2 + q(3p – 1) = 0 (D) p3 + q2 + q(1 – 3p) = 0
(b) If x2 + 2ax + 10 – 3a > 0 for all x  R, then

(A) – 5 < a < 2 (B) a < – 5 (C) a > 5 (D) 2 < a < 5
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]
1  2 x  5x 2   
7. Find the range of values of t for which 2 sin t = , t  2 , 2  .
3x 2  2 x  1  
[JEE 2005(Mains)]
8.
(a) Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are equal and   R. If the roots of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then
4 5 1 5 4 5
(A)   (B)   (C)    ,  (D)    , 
3 3 3 3  3 3
[JEE 2006]
(b) If roots of the equation x 2  10cx  11d  0 are a, b and those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d, then
find the value of a + b + c + d. (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers) [JEE 2006]
9.
(a) Let ,  be the roots of the equation x2 – px + r = 0 and  2 , 2 be the roots of the equation
x2 – qx + r = 0. Then the value of 'r' is
2 2 2 2
(A) (p–q)(2q – p) (B) (q – p)(2p – q) (C) (q – 2p)(2q – p) (D) (2p–q)(2q – p)
9 9 9 9
MATCH THE COLUMN:

x 2  6x  5
(b) Let f (x) = . Match the expressions / statements in Column I with expressions statements
x 2  5x  6
in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (P) 0 < f (x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, the f (x) satisfies (Q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (R) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (S) f (x) < 1 [JEE 2007]
ASSERTION & REASON:
10. Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose ,  are the roots of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and
, 1  are the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where 2  {–1, 0, 1}
STATEMENT-1 : (p2 – q)(b2 – ac)  0 and
STATEMENT-2 : b  pa or c  qa
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008]
11. The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the equation, x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 are
real, distinct and have values at least 4, is [JEE 2009]
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 [A]
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C
7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B
13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. D
19. D 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D
25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. B
37. C 38. C 39. D 40. D 41. A 42. D
43. C 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. D
49. A 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. A
55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. B
EXERCISE - 1 [B]
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A
7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C
13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B
19. A 20. A 21. D 22. D 23. A 24. B
25. B 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. A 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D
37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. C
43. A 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C
49. A 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. A
55. B 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. D
EXERCISE - 2 [A]
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER CORRECT
1. (AC) 2. (BC) 3. (ABC) 4. (ABD)

5. (BCD) 6. (AD) 7. (AC) 8. (BC)
9. (BD) 10. (CD) 11. (BCD) 12. (B)
13. (BC) 14. (AD) 15. (AB) 16. (BC)
17. (BC) 18. (ABD) 19. (A) 20. (AB)
21. (AD) 22. (AD) 23. (CD) 24. (AD)
25. (ABC) 26. (ABC) 27. (BC) 28. (A)
29. (BD) 30. (BCD) 31. (A) 32. (ACD)
33. (D) 34. (AC) 35. (AB) 36. (BCD)
37. (ABD) 38. (BD) 39. (CD) 40. (A)
41. (ABCD) 42. (ABC) 43. (ABCD) 44. (CD)
45. (BC) 46. (AC) 47. (BC)
48. (ABC) 49. (BC) 50. (C)
EXERCISE - 2 [B]
COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE -1
1. D 2. B 3. C
PASSAGE -2
4. A 5. A 6. B
PASSAGE -3
7. A 8. A 9. B
PASSAGE -4
10. D 11. A 12. D
PASSAGE - 5
13. A 14. B 15. B 16. C
PASSAGE - 6
17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A
PASSAGE - 7
21. C 22. B 23. C
PASSAGE - 8
24. D 25. A 26. B
ASSERTION & REASONING

27. (A) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30 . (D) 31. (A)
32. (C) 33. (A)
MATRIX MATCH TYPE

34. (A)  r (B)  p (C)  s (D)  q
35. (A)  (r, s), (B)  (r), (C)  (q), (D)  (r)
36. (A) (q), (B) (p,q,r,s,t), (C) (s), (D) (p,q,s)
37. (A) (q, r), (B) (p,q,r,s), (C) (p,q,r,s), (D) (p, q, r, s)
38. (A) (p,r,s), (B) (q,s), (C) (q,s), (D) (p,r,s)
39. (A) (r), (B) (p), (C) (s), (D) (q)
40. (A) (q,s), (B) (q,s), (C) (p), (D) (q, r)
EXERCISE - 2 [C]
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 2 5. 5 6. 4
7. 4 8. 7 9. 2 10. 1 11. 9 12. 6
13. 5 14. 1 15. 1 16. 1 17. 2 18. 7
19. 8 20. 2 21. 0 22. 0 23. 0 24. 3
25. 4 26. 1 27. 2 28. 7 29. 2 30. 1
31. 2 32. 2 33. 3 34. 0 35. 2 36. 2
37. 0 38. 0 39. 2 40. 1 41. 6 42. 7
43. 2 44. 1 45. 0
EXERCISE - 3
1. 0 2. 2408 3. 16
3 
4. 2 5.  1, 0    0, 2 6. 1, 2    7,   7.  2 , 2
 
8. 1 9. (x, y) = (1,1) ,  27/8,9/4  10. 3
3  5 1   3  5 
11. 1 12. (– , – 2)  (1, 2) 13.  ,    1, 
 2 2   2 
  3
14.  log 4 2 , log 4 3 15. x =  2 or  2 16. 16 17. ,4
 3 3  2

18. 1 19. 212 20. 2n 
3
21. x = 1, y = 0
 2a  1   2a  1 
22. For a < 3, x   ,2  , For a = 3, No solution, For a > 3, x   2,
 a 3   a  3 
71
23. a< 24. 3 25. 9 26. 2
24
27. i) x = 2, y = 3 ii) x = 0, y = 3 or x = 4, y = 1
iii) x = 1, y = 5 or x = 5, y = 1 or x = 2, y = 3 or x = 3, y = 2
iv) x = 0, y =1
28. k=1
29. i) one ii) 2 iii) both are equal.
1 1
30. (i) For 0 < a < 1, x (a2, 1) ( 3 , ) & for a > 1 , x (0, 3 ) (1, a2)
a a
(ii) (– , – log 2 3 )  (0, log 2 3 )
1
31. (i) (– , ) (ii) (– , –1)
2
7
32. a= ,a<–2
4
 
33. (i) x = 3 , y = log3 2 (ii) x = n + (–1)n , y = 2m  , where m & n are
6 3
integers
1 1
(iii) x = 9 , y = 27 or x= ,y=
9 3
(iv) x =2 , y = 3 or x = c , y = 1 where 1 < c < 3
cb ac ba

34. x= ,y = ,z =
a + b+ c a+ b + c a+ b +c
2
35. and 2
3
37. (i) (1, 3, 9), (9, 3, 1) (ii) (4,5), ( – 4, – 5 ), ( – 3 3 , – 3 ), ( 3 3 , 3 )
 12 12 
(iii ) ( x , y , z )=  , ,  12 
 5 7 
4
38. [1,2] 39. 0, 40. 7 41. 0
3
42. m = ±7 when m = 7  2x + y + 2  x + 3y  1 when m = 7  2x  y  2  x  3y +1
43. x = 2,y = 3 or x  R, y =1 44.  x,y,z = 5,3,6 and  7, 5, 8

45. i) x = 0, y = –1
1 5
ii) x = 1, y = –1 or x = 3, y = – 3 iii) x = 3, y =0 or x =  ,y=
3 3
 1  13
46.(x, y) = (2,3) 47. (–  , – 2 ] U [ –1, )
6
48. (10  43 , 4)  (10  43 ,   ) 49. [  8 ,  1)  ( 1, ( 41  1) / 5]
16
50. x = 4, -14/5 51. x = - 1. 52. x
25
53. x  (1, )  {0}
 1   1 
54. For a  0, x  (– , 0); For a > 0 , x    , 0    ,  
 a   a 
3  a 2  12a  2  3
55. For a < ,x     ,  For a = , x  R;
2  2a  3  2

3  a 2  12a  2 
For a > ,x  , 
2 2a  3 
 
WINDOW TO JEE ADVANCED
1. (a, b) 2. (a) C, (b) B, (c) D
3.    2 and   2 or   2 and    2 4. B 5. a > 1

     3  
6. (a) D ; (b) A 7.   ,     ,  8. (a) A, (b) 1210
 2 10   10 2 
9. (a) D, (b) (A) P, R, S; (B) Q, S; (C) Q, S; (D) P, R, S 10. B 11. 2

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INEQUATIONS & EQUATIONS Rg.

Why are we studying “Logarithms and Inequations” ?

SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

8 WINDOW TO JEE – ADVANCED 50 – 51

INEQUATIONS & EQUATION : Tentative Lecture Flow