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e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:06/Issue:03/March-2024 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
IOT BASED ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM
Gopalakrishnan K*1, Naveen M*2, Kathiravan GR*3, Kiruthika V*4, Suresh Kumar P.*5
*1,2,3,4UG Student, Department Of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Erode Sengunthar
Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
*5Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Erode Sengunthar
Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
ABSTRACT
Wireless charging for electric vehicles has been emerging as a major trend nowadays, as compared to
traditional wired charging. Wireless charging for electric vehicles is possible with this system, which includes
the underlying technology, system design, and challenges associated with the implementation of wireless
charging infrastructure. The advantages of this system over wireless charging include convenience, safety, and
increased efficiency. Wireless charging systems of different types are now available. Wireless charging
technology for electric vehicles (EVs) eliminates the need for physical cables or plugs while charging. The use of
magnetic induction allows for wireless transfer of energy from a charging pad on the ground to a receiver on
the vehicle.
Keywords: Wireless Charging Technology, Electric Vehicles, Magnetic Induction, Convenience, Safety,
Efficiency, Charging Pad, Inductive Charging, Arduino Consumption, Time of Charging.
I. INTRODUCTION
The aim of wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) is to simplify the charging process and make EV
ownership more convenient. In contrast to traditional wired charging, which necessitates a physical connection
between the vehicle and the charging station. Magnetic induction is utilized to transfer energy wirelessly from
the charging pad to the vehicle's battery in wireless charging. The process of wireless charging involves the
transfer of energy between two coils, one in the charging pad and one in the vehicle, using an electromagnetic
field.
The charging pad is connected to a power source, and when the vehicle is parked over it, energy is wirelessly
transferred to the vehicle's battery. Wireless charging is advantageous for EVs. As a start, it eliminates the
necessity for inconvenient and time-consuming physical connections between the vehicle and the charging
station. Additionally, it provides a more flexible charging option that allows vehicles to be charged while parked
in a garage or parking lot without the need for dedicated charging stations. Wireless charging technology for
electric vehicles is a promising innovation that offers many advantages, including convenience, safety, and
environmental friendliness. Wireless charging for EVs is not widely adopted due to some barriers. The
availability and adoption of the technology may be limited due to its newness and high cost. Wireless charging
is usually less efficient than traditional charging methods, which can lead to longer charging times and reduced
range for electric vehicles. Vehicles should provide all information including whether they are coming or not, as
well as their current and voltage consumption, to the IOT Server for monitoring and control, using tools such as
ThingSpeak and Blynk.
II. METHODOLOGY
The functioning concept of wireless charging involves the use of transmitter and receiver coils. The IR sensor
has the ability to determine whether vehicles are entering or exiting the lane. Information about vehicles is
transmitted to the Arduino controller by the IR sensor. The relay will be activated as soon as the vehicles enter
the lane. The Arduino controller is responsible for transmitting vehicle information to the relay. The relay
should be turned on only at that time. When the relay is turned on, the charging transmitter coil is activated.
Electromagnetic flux will be produced and charging will begin when the receiver coils are activated. The
vehicle's rechargeable battery is where the power will be stored. The information is transmitted to the LCD by
the Arduino controller. On the LCD, the status of the vehicle, current and voltage consumption are displayed.
The Arduino controller is informed of the power consumption information of the vehicle, including voltage and
current. All information sent to the Wi-Fi module is collected by the Arduino controller. An IoT server like
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ThingSpeak or Blynk is used to monitor all information sent by the WiFi module. All information will be
collected by the owner through an IoT server to monitor the remote location. This project aims to consume
electricity to store the battery in a car via wireless charging. One of the latest trends in the world for
commercial use is currently being implemented.
Figure 1: Wireless Charging

III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Figure 2: Wireless Charging

The name Wireless Charging comes from the fact that it uses inductive coupling to transfer energy. Alternating
current is first transmitted through an induction coil in the charging station or pad. The electromagnetic
charge's movement generates a magnetic field that fluctuates in strength as the electric current's amplitude
fluctuates. A rectifier converts the alternating electric current created by the changing magnetic field into direct

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current in the portable device's induction coil. In conclusion, direct current can charge a battery or provide
operating power.
IRSENSORFORVEHICLEDETECTION
 The IR source (transmitter) is the device that emits radiation with the required wavelength.
 When this radiation reaches the object, it is reflected back.
 The IR receiver detects the reflected radiation.
 The IR receiver detects radiation and processes it based on its intensity.
 The output of an IR receiver is usually small, so amplifiers are necessary to amplify the signal detected.
Figure 3: IR sensor for vehicle detection

VOLTAGE SENSOR
 A Voltage sensor is a device that measures the voltage of an electrical circuit.
 Voltage sensors are used in many applications, including monitoring and controlling equipment and
machinery.
Figure 4: Voltage Sensor

CURRENT SENSOR
 A Current sensor detects and measures the electric current passing through a conductor.
 Current sensors may be utilized in a variety of applications for monitoring, control, protection.
Figure 5: Current Sensor

ARDUINOUNO
 The Arduino Uno R3 is an open source ATmega328 chip-based microcontroller board.
 The table includes 14digital input/output pins, 6 analogue input pins, ceramic resonator On-board 16MHz,
USB port, power jack Onboard DC,ICSP header and the reset button for microcontrollers.
 There is everything that the microcontroller needs to be supported.
 The board is also easy to use, just plug it into a computer with a USBcableor power it to start with a DC
adapter or battery.

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Figure 6: Arduino Uno

LCDDISPLAY
 LCD uses liquid crystals for the production of visible image. 16 x 2 liquid crystal display is a basic LCD
module.
 In this LCD module, there are two rows every row consists of sixteen numbers.
 With the two rows in this module, there are sixteen columns.
 We used this LCD for displaying the data of charging station.
Figure 7: LCD
RELAY
 By opening and closing it is a controlled device which can make ON/OFF an electrically operated switch is
called as relay.
 A relay which can consist set of input terminal for a single or a multiple control signal and set of operating
contact terminal.
 A relay may have any number of contact in multiple form that contact are make contact, break contact and
combination contact.
 The circuit can be controlled by relay which having low pass signal or one signal can controlled by several
circuit.
 The used of relay as a signal repeater along long distance telegraph, relay can receive signal from one circuit
and transmitted to other circuit.
Figure 8: Relay

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WIRELESS COIL TRANSMITTER
 A wireless charging transmitter is an electronic device that is used to transfer electric power wirelessly to
the wireless charging receiver.
 It utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to transmit power wirelessly to the wireless charging
receiver.
 Electromagnetic induction is a process in which a conductor is placed in a specific position while the
magnetic field varies or remains stationary as the conductor moves.
 The transmitter generates an alternating electromagnetic field with an induction coil, which the receiver
converts back to power and feeds into the device's battery.
 Wireless power transmitter ICs are intelligent devices used to take a DC input power supply and convert
and condition that supply into an AC signal used to drive an inductive coil for the purpose of transmitting
power wirelessly.
Figure 9: Wireless Coil Transmitter

WIRELESS COIL RECEIVER
 A wireless charging receiver is used to wirelessly receive electric power from a wireless charging
transmitter.
 The magnetic field generates an electrical current within the device when the receiving magnetic plate on
the portable device comes into contact with the transmitter.
 This current is then converted into direct current (DC), which in turn charges the built-in battery.
 At a high level, wireless power receiver ICs are intelligent devices used to take an incoming AC supply from
the receiving coil and convert it into a well-regulated DC supply voltage for use in the system.
Figure 10: Wireless Coil Receiver
Figure 11: Wireless Coil of Transmitter and Receiver

CHARGER CIRCUIT
 A circuit for charging a battery combined with a capacitor includes a power supply adapted to be connected
to the capacitor, and the battery.
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 The circuit includes an electronic switch connected to the power supply.
Figure 12: Charger Circuit

BATTERY
 Lithium-ion batteries power the lives of millions of people each day.
 From laptops and cell phones to hybrids and electric cars, this technology is growing in popularity due to its
light weight, high energy density, and ability to recharge.
 Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are used in many products such as electronics, toys, wireless headphones,
handheld power tools, small and large appliances, electric vehicles and electrical energy storage systems.
Figure 13: Lithium Ion Battery

WIFI MODULE
 Wi-Fi modules (wireless fidelity) also known as WLAN modules (wireless local area network) are electronic
components used in many products to achieve a wireless connection to the internet.
 The Wi-Fi module enables devices to connect to wireless networks and access the internet, exchange data,
and communicate with other devices within the Wi-Fi network coverage area.
 The portable ESP8266 was powered on batteries , The environment was open air with houses around
(means many other Wi-Fi stations around ), Was testing on radius not straight line. The ESP's connection
was good for range around 1Km.
Figure 14: ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

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IOT SERVER
 IoT Data Server is a "Data Integration Controller" consisting of high reliable industrial computer and non-
programming data integration software.
 It equips standard data management functions developed especially for data collection, process, saving,
notice and publishing.
Figure15: IOT Server

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 16: Vehicle detection graph representation
Figure 17: Vehicle detection graph representation

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Figure 18: Current and Voltage graph representation

V. CONCLUSION
The use of wireless charging technology for electric vehicles can lead to many advantages, such as convenience,
safety and reduced emissions. Electric vehicle owners can charge their vehicles without the need for electricity
with this technology cords or cables can be used to make it a more convenient and user-friendly option for
many consumers. Wireless charging technology also offers benefits to businesses and communities, as it can
reduce the need for expensive infrastructure installations and provide a more sustainable transportation
option. Additionally, wireless charging technology can improve the safety of electric vehicle charging, as there is
no need to handle potentially dangerous electrical cords and outlets. While wireless charging technology for
electric vehicles is not without its limitations, including efficiency, cost, and range, it is a promising technology
that has the potential to revolutionize the transportation industry. The transportation industry has the
potential to be revolutionized. The evolution and improvement of technology is affecting it. Wireless charging
technology for electric vehicles is likely to be more widely adopted in the future. Wireless charging technology
for electric vehicles provides numerous advantages and has the potential to improve the accessibility and user-
friendliness of electric vehicles for consumers, while also promoting sustainability and decreasing emissions.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] "Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles: A Technology and Market Overview," International Energy
Agency, 2020.
[2] "Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics
in Power Electronics, 2016.
[3] "Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, 2018.
[4] "Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects," Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017.
[5] "Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles: A Technology Review," Applied Energy, 2015.

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Figure 1: Wireless Charging

Figure 2: Wireless Charging

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Figure 3: IR sensor for vehicle detection

Figure 4: Voltage Sensor

Figure 5: Current Sensor

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Figure 6: Arduino Uno

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Figure 9: Wireless Coil Transmitter

Figure 10: Wireless Coil Receiver

Figure 11: Wireless Coil of Transmitter and Receiver

Figure 12: Charger Circuit

Figure 13: Lithium Ion Battery

Figure 14: ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

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Figure15: IOT Server

Figure 16: Vehicle detection graph representation

Figure 17: Vehicle detection graph representation

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Figure 18: Current and Voltage graph representation

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