Head Loss and Darcy Weisbach Equation Problems

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., 330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013. All rights reserved.
This material is protected under all copyright laws as they

currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
10–2. Gasoline at T = 68°F flows through an 8-in.-

diameter smooth pipe at the rate of 4.15 ft 3>s. Determine
the head loss in a 50-ft-long segment of the pipe.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and gasoline is incompressible. The
average velocity of the flow is
Q 4.15 ft3>s
V = = 4 2
= 11.89 ft>s
A
pa ftb
12
From the table in Appendix A, vg = 4.70110-62 ft2>s. Thus, the Reynolds number is
8
VD 111.89 ft>s2a 12 ftb
Re = = = 1.69 11062
vg 4.70 110-62 ft2>s
For smooth pipe, the Moody diagram gives

f = 0.0107
Applying the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
L V2
h
L = fa ba b
D 2g
50 ft 111.89 ft>s22
= 0.0107 c d
£ 8 § 2132.2 ft>s22
a
ftb12
= 1.76 ft Ans.
Ans:
hL = 1.76 ft
843
M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 1 10/03/17 2:36 PM

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., 330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they
10–3. Glycerin flows through a 6-in.-diameter, horizontal

smooth pipe with an average velocity of 9 ft>s. Determine
the pressure drop in a 12-ft-long segment of the pipe.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and Glycerin is incompressible.
Writing the energy between two points 1, and 2, gives
p1 V 12 2
+ +z1 + pump = p2 + V 2 + z + h + hL
2 turb
h g 2g
g 2g
2
p1 V p2 V 2
+ 1
+ z1 + = + 2
+ z 2 + 0 + hL
0 g 2g
g 2g
p1 - p2 V 2
- V 2
= 2
1
+ z2 - z1 + hL
g 2g
Since the pipe is horizontal, z1 = z2 = z. Also, the average velocity of the flow is
constant, V1 = V2 = V due to the constant pipe’s diameter. Then the above equation
becomes
p1 - p2
= hL
g
L V2
The Darcy–Weisbach equation gives h f . Then
L =
D 2g
p1 - p2 L V 2
= f
g D 2g
gV 2L
p1 - p2 = f (1)
2gD
From the table in Appendix A, rGy = 2.44 slug>ft3 and mGy = 31.3110-32 lb s>ft.
The Reynolds number is
6
12.44 slug>ft3219 ft/s 2a ftb
rGyVD 12
=
Re = m
Gy 31.3110-32 lb . s>ft 2
= 350.80 6 2300 (Laminar flow)
Thus,
64
f64= = = 0.1824
350.80
Re
Then Eq. (1)
gives
12.44 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(9 ft>s)2(12 ft2

p1 - p2 = (0.1824) 6 §
2(32.2 ft>s2) a ftb
£ 12
= a 432.69 lb ba 1 ft b = 3.00 psi

2
2
Ans. Ans:
ft 12 in
p1 - p2 = 3.00 psi

844

*10–4. If air at a temperature of 100°F flows through the

smooth circular duct at 10.5 ft 3>s, determine the pressure
drop that occurs over a 15-ft length of the duct. 15 ft
SOLUTION 8 in.
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and assume air is incompressible.
Writing the energy between points 1 and 2, gives
p1 V 12 2
+ +z1 + pump = p2 + V 2 + z + h + hL
2 turb
h g 2g
g 2g
2
p1 V p2 V 2
+ 1
+ z1 + = + 2
+ z 2 + 0 + hL
0 g 2g
g 2g
p1 - p2 V 2
- V 2
= 2
1
+ z2 - z1 + hL
g 2g
Since the density of air is small, the elevation term can be neglected. Also, the
average velocity of the flow is constant, V1 = V2 = V due to the constant duct
diameter. Then the above equation becomes
p1 - p2
= hL
g
L V2
The Darcy–Weisbach equation gives hL f . Then
= D 2g
2
L V
p1 - p2
= f
g D 2g
gV 2L
p1 - p2 = f (1)
2gD
From the discharge, the average velocity is
Q
V = = 10.5 ft3>s
2
= 30.08 ft>s
A 4
pa in.
b 12
From the table in Appendix A, ra = 0.00220 slug>ft3 and mG = 0.396110-62 lb . s>ft2.
The Reynolds number is
8
a
10.00220 slug>ft3)(30.08 ft>s 2a 12 ftb
Re = r VD =
ma 0.396 110-62 lb . s>ft2
= 1.11 11052 7 2300 turbulent

For the smooth duct, the Moody diagram gives
f = 0.0177
Then Eq. (1) gives
p1 - p2 = 10.01772 10.00220 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(30.08 ft>s22115 ft2

8
£ 2(32.2 ft>s2) a ftb
§
12
= a 0.3964

lb b
2
ba 1 ft 2
ft 12 in.
Ans:
= 2.75110-32 psi Ans. -3
p1 - p2 = 2.75110 2 psi
845

10–5. Determine the flow of methane at T = 68°F in ft3>h

1 in.
through a 1000-ft-long horizontal 1-in.-diameter commercial
steel pipe if the pressure drop is 5110-32 psi.
1,000 ft
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and treat methane as
incompressible. From the table in Appendix A, rme = 1.29(10-3) slug>ft3 and
vm = 0.181 (10-3) ft2>s for methane at T = 68°F. The Reynolds number of the
flow is
1
VD Va ftb
Re = = 12
vw = 460.41 V (1)
0.18110-32 ft2>s
Take the methane in the 1000-ft-long pipe as the control volume. Since the pipe has a
constant cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, z1 = z2 = z since the pipe is horizontal.
Here the pressure drop is p - p lb
5 10-3 12 in. 2 lb
0.720 per
1 2 = c 1 2 da b =
1000 ft of pipe. in2 1 ft ft2
2
p1 V
1 z p2 22
+ + 1
+ pump = + V + z 2 + hturb + hL
h gme 2g
gme 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ +z+ 0 + +z+0+h
gme 2g =
gme 2g L
hL = p1 - p2 0.720 lb>ft2
= = 17.33 ft
gme 31.29110-32 slug>ft3 4 132.2 ft>s22
Using the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
2
L V
h 1000 ft V 2
L =f ; 17.33 ft = f c
D 2g ( 1 ¢ 2132.2 ft>s22
ft d
12
2 = 0.09302
V f (2)
Assuming the flow is laminar, then
64 64 0.1390
f = Re = 460.41 V = V
Substitute this result into Eq. (2),
2 0.09302 V = 0.6692 ft>s

V 0.1390
V
Then Eq. (1)
gives
Re = 460.4110.66922 = 308.10 6 2300 (laminar flow), ok.
The flow rate is

0.5
Q VA 10.6692 ft>s2c pa ftb2 3600 s
= = 12 d = 33.6499110-3 2 ft3>s 4
1h
b
a

= 13.14 ft3>h = 13.1 ft3>h Ans. Ans:
Q = 13.1 ft3>h
846

10–6. Water in the old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain

12 ft
pipe runs full with a flow of 15 ft3>s. Determine the
pressure drop from point A to point B. The pipe is
horizontal. Take f = 0.07.
A B
15 in.
SOLUTION
Water is considered to be incompressible.
The mean velocity of the water flow is
2
3 7.5
Q
= VA; 15 ft >s = V(p) a ftb
12
V = 12.22 ft>s
Since,
∆p L V 2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV 2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
62.4
12 ft a 32.2 slug>ft3 b (12.22 ft>s)2
∆p = (0.07) ≥ ¥≥ ¥
15 2
12 ft
2
1 ft
∆p = (97.28 lb>ft2) a b 0.676 psi Ans.
12 in.
=
Ans:
pA - pB = 0.676 psi
847

10–7. Water at 20°C flows upwards through the

50-mm-diameter cast iron pipe at 5.88 kg>s. Determine the
major head loss that occurs over the 8-m-long vertical B
segment. Also, what is the pressure at A? The water is
discharged into the atmosphere at B.
8m
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and water is- incompressible. From
the table in Appendix A, rw = 998.3 kg>m3 and vw = 1.00110 62 m2>s for water at T
= 20°C. For the mass flow rate, the average velocity is
A
m = rQ; 5.88 kg>s = 1998.3 kg>m32 5V 3p10.025 m22 46
50 mm
V = 2.9998 m>s
Then, the Reynolds number is
VD 12.9998 m>s210.05 m2 5
Re = v =
w 1.00110-62 m2>s = 1.50110 2
e 0.26 mm
For cast iron, = = 0.0052. From the Moody diagram, f = 0.031.
D Thus, 50 mm
the major head loss can be determined using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
2
L V
8m 12.9998 m>s22
hL = f = 0.031 a bc d = 2.2749 m = 2.27 m Ans.
D 2g 0.05 m 219.81 m>s22
Take the water in the pipe as the control volume. Here, pB = patm = 0 since the
water is discharged into atmosphere at B. Also, VA = VB = V since the pipe
diameter is constant. Applying the energy equation from A to B, with datum set
through A, zA = 0 and zB = 8 m,
2
pA V
A z pB
+ + + VB + z + h
turb + hL
A pump = B
h g
2
gw 2g +w 2g
pA V2 V2
+ + 0+ 0 0+ + 8 m + 0 + 2.2749 m
1998.3 kg>m3219.81 m>s22 2g =
2g
pA = 100.6211032 Pa = 101 kPa Ans.
Ans:
hL = 2.27 m
pA = 101 kPa
848

10–10. Air at 80°F flows through the commercial steel

duct at 300 ft3>min. Determine the pressure drop along a
10-ft length of the duct.
8 in.
10 ft
6 in.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and treat the air as incompressible.
The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4318 in.216 in.24 1 ft
D = = = 16.8571 in.2a
b = 0.5714 ft
n
P 216 in. + 8 12 in.
in.2
From the table in Appendix A, ra = 0.00228 slug>ft3 and va = 0.169110-32 ft2>s
for air at T = 80°F. Here Q = 1300 ft3>min 1 min

3
velocity of the air is 2a b = 5 ft >s. Thus the average
60 s
Q
V = = 5 ft3>s
= 15 ft>s
A 6 8
a ftba ftb
12 12
Thus, the Reynolds numbers

is
VDh 115 ft>s210.5714 ft2

Re = v = = 5.0711042
0.169110-32 ft2>s
and the relative roughness of the commercial steel duct is
e = 0.00015 ft =
Dh 0.5714 ft 0.0002625
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.022. Thus, the major head loss can be determined
using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
2
L V 10 ft 115 ft>s22
hL = f = 0.022 a bc d = 1.345 ft
Dh 2g 0.5714 ft 2132.2 ft>s22
Take air in the 10-ft-long duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a
constant cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, since the density of air is small, the
elevation terms can be neglected. Applying the energy equation,
2
p1 V
1
z p2 V 22
+ + h1 + pump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
ga 2g
ga p 2gV 2 p2 V 2
1
+ + 0 + 0 + + 0 + 0 + 1.345 ft
ga 2g =
ga 2g
p1 - p2 = (0.00228 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(1.345 ft)
2
2 1 ft
= (0.09875 lb>ft ) a b
12 in.
= 0.686(10 ) psi -3
Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 0.686(10-3) psi

851

*10–12. A horizontal 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron

pipe, having a roughness of e = 0.2 mm, is used to transport
water at a temperature of 60°C and with a velocity of 3 m>s.
Determine the pressure drop over its 12-m length.
SOLUTION
From Appendix A, n = 0.478(10-6) m2>s and r = 983.2 kg>m3 for water at
T = 60° C. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD (3 m>s)(0.075 m)
n = 0.478(10-6) m2>s = 4.71(10 )
5
Re =
The relative roughness is
e 0.2 ( 10 -3 ) m
= = 0.002667
D
0.075 m
From the Moody diagram,
f = 0.025
Thus,
∆p L V 2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV
2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
12 m
0.025 a b£ (983.2 kg>m3)(3 m>s ) 2
= 0.075 m
§
2
= 17.70(103)Pa = 17.7 kPa Ans.
Ans:
∆p = 17.7 kPa
853

10–13. Air flows through the galvanized steel duct,

with a velocity of 4 m>s. Determine the pressure drop
along a 2-m length of the duct. Take ra = 1.202 kg>m3,
na = 15.1110-62 m2>s.
200 mm
2m
150 mm
SOLUTION
Assume the air is incompressible. The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4(0.15 m)(0.2 m)
D = = = 0.1714 m
h
P 2(0.15 m + 0.2 m)
VDh (4 m>s)(0.1714 m)
Re = n = = 4.54(104 )
15.1(10-6) m2>s
and the relative roughness of the galvanized duct, is
e 0.15(10-3) m
= = 0.000875
Dh 0.1714 m
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.0242. Thus the major head loss can be determined
using
L V 2
2m (4 m>s ) 2
hL = f
Dh = (0.0242) a b£
§ = 0.2302 m
2g 2(9.81 m>s2 )
0.1714 m
Take the air in the 2-m-long duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a
constant cross section, VA = VB = V. Also, it is horizontal, zA = zB = z. Applying
the energy equation,
2
pA V
A z pB VB2
+ + + = + + zB + hturb + hL
hA pump
g 2g
g 2g
pA V2 pB V2
+ + z + 0 + + z + 0 + 0.2302 m
g 2g =
g 2g
∆p = pA - pB = (1.202 kg> m3)(9.81 m>s2)(0.2302 m) = 2.71 Pa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 2.71 Pa
854

10–14. Determine the greatest air flow Q through the

galvanized steel duct so that the flow remains laminar. What
is the pressure drop along a 200-m-long section of the duct
for this case? Take ra = 1.202 kg>m3, na = 15.1110-62 m2>s.
200 mm
2m
150 mm
SOLUTION
Assume the air is incompressible. The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4(0.15 m)(0.2 m)
D = = = 0.1714 m
h
P 2(0.15 m) + (0.2 m)
VDh V(0.1714 m)
Re = = = 1.1353(104)V
n 15.1(10 ) m >s
-6 2
Since the flow is required to be laminar,

Re = 2300
1.1353(104)V = 2300
V = 0.2026 m>s
Thus, Q = VA = (0.2026 m>s)(0.15 m)(0.2 m) = 0.006078 m3>s = 0.00608 m3>s Ans.

64
Also, for laminar flow, the friction factor can be determined using f = =
Re
64
0.0278. Thus, the major head loss can be determined using
2300 =
2
L V
200 m (0.2026 m>s ) 2
hL = f
Dh = 0.0278 a b£ § = 0.06791 m
2g 0.1714 m 2(9.81 m>s ) 2
Take the air in the duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a constant cross
section, VA = VB = V. Also, it is horizontal, zA = zB = z. Applying the energy
equation,
2
pA V
A z pB VB2
+ + A + hump = + + zB + hturb + hL
h g 2g
g 2g 2
pA V pB V2
+ + z + 0 + + z + 0 + 0.06791 m
g 2g =
g 2g
∆p = (1.202kg> m3)(9.81 m>s2)(0.06791 m) = 0.801 Pa Ans.
Ans:
Q = 0.00608 m3>s, p1 - p2 = 0.801 Pa

855

10–17. The old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe runs

12 ft
full of water with a flow of 15 ft 3>s. Determine the pressure
drop from A to B. The pipe is sloping downward at
4 ft>100 ft. Take f = 0.07.
A B
15 in.
SOLUTION
Since the concrete pipe has a constant diameter.
Q
V = V = V = = 15 ft3>s
= 12.22 ft>s
A B
A 7.5 2
pa ftb
12
The major head loss from A to B can be determined using
2
L V
12 ft (12.22 ft>s)2
¥£
hL = f = 0.07 ≥ 15 2 ( 32.2 ft § = 1.559 ft
D 2g >s2 )
a
ftb12
Take the water from A to B as the control volume. Applying the energy equation
from with the datum set at B,
pA VA 2 pB VB2
+ + zA + pump = + + zB + hturb + hL
h g 2g
g 2g
pA V2 4 pB V2
+ + 12 ft a b + 0 = + + 0 + 0 + 1.559 ft
g 2g 100 g 2g
lb
pA - pB = (62.4 lb>ft )(1.079 ft) = 67.3
2
Ans.
ft2
Ans:
pA - pB = 67.3 lb>ft2

858

10–18. Determine the friction factor of a 2-in.-diameter

horizontal tube if natural gas is to flow through it at 20
ft3>h. The specific weight of the natural gas is gg = 0.051
lb>ft3 and the pressure drop is 0.6110-32 psi per 1000 ft.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and treat natural gas as
incompressible. Take the natural gas in the 1000-ft-long tube as the control volume.
Since the tube has a constant cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, since the tube is
horizontal, z1 = z2 = z.
Here, the pressure drop is p -
p
0.6 10-3 12 in. 2 0.0864 lb ft per
lb
1 2 = c 1 2 2 da b = >
1000 ft of tube. Applying the energy equation, in 1 ft
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + pump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
h gg 2g
gg 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + z + 0 + +z +0 +h
gg 2g =
gg 2g L
0.0864 lb>ft2
h L = p1 - p2 = = 1.6941 ft
g 0.051 lb>ft3
Here, the flow rate is
ft3
Q 1h 3
= a 20 ba b = 0.005556 ft >s
h 3600
s
Thus, velocity of the flow is
Q 0.005556 ft3>s
V = = 1 2
= 0.2546 ft>s
A
pa ftb
12
Using the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
L V2
1000 ft c 10.2546 ft>s2 d
2
hL = f ; 1.6941 ft = f
D 2g 2 2132.2 ft>s22
a
ftb12
f = 0.2804 = 0.280 Ans.
Ans:

f = 0.280
859

10–22. A 450-ft-long horizontal commercial steel pipe
having a diameter of 6 in. is used to transport water
at T = 70°F. Determine the power output of a pump if
the discharge through the pipe is to be 120 ft3>min and
the pressure at the pump inlet is 5 psi. The pipe is open to
the atmosphere at its outlet.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and water is incompressible. Here,
the discharge is
ft3 1 min 3
Q
= a 120 ba b = 2 ft >s
min 60 s
Thus, the average velocity is
Q
V = =2 ft3>s
= 10.19 ft>s
A 3 2
pa ftb
12
From the table in Appendix A, rw = 1.937 slug>ft3 and vw = 10.4110-62 ft2>s for
water at T = 70°F. Thus, the Reynolds number is
6
VD 110.19 ft>s2a 12 ftb
Re = = = 4.90 11052
vw 10.4 110 2 ft >s
-6 2
e 0.00015 ft
For commercial steel pipe, = = 0.0003. Entering these two values
D 6
12 ft
into the Moody diagram, we obtain f = 0.0165. Then, the major head loss can be
determined using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
L V2
450 ft 110.19 ft>s22
hL = f = 0.0165 c d = 23.92 ft
D 2g ( 6 ¢ 2132.2 ft>s22
ft
12
Applying the energy equation between inlet and outlet realizing that Vin Vout
(the pipe has constant diameter), pout = patm = 0. (The outlet is open to the
atmosphere), and zin = zout = z (the pipe is horizontal).
2
pin V
in z h pout V out2 z h h
gw + 2g + in + pump = gw + 2g + out + turb + L
lb 12 in. 2
a 5 2 ba b
in 1 ft
2
+ V + z + h V2
11.937 slug>ft32132.2 ft>s22 = 0 + + z + 0 + 23.92 ft
2g pump 2g
hpump = 12.38 ft
Thus, the power output of the pump is
Wout = gwQhpump = (1.937 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(2 ft3>s)(12.38 ft)

1 hp
= (1544.39 ft . lb>s) a b
550 ft . lb>
= 2.81 hp s Ans.
Ans:
Wout = 2.81 hp
863

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10–23. Air at 60°F is transported by the fan at the rate of A B

2 ft3>s through the 12-in.-diameter galvanized iron duct.
Determine the head loss over a 40-ft length.
12 in.
40 ft
SOLUTION
Air is considered to be incompressible.
The mean velocity of the air in the duct is
Q 2 ft3>s
V = = = 2.546 ft>s
A 6 2
pa
ftb12
From Appendix A, r = 0.00237 slug>ft3 and n = 0.158 (10-3) ft2>s for air at
T = 60° F. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD (2.546 ft>s)(1 ft)
Re = = = 1.61(104)
n 0.158(10 ) ft >s
-3 2
For the galvanized iron duct, the relative roughness is
e = 0.0005 ft =
D 1 ft 0.0005
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.028. Thus, the head loss along the duct can be
determined using
2
L V
40 ft (2.546 ft>s)2
hL = f = 0.028 a bc d
D 2g 1 ft 2(32.2 ft>s2 )
= 0.1128 ft = 0.113 ft Ans.
Ans:
hL = 0.113 ft
864

10–33. A 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron pipe, having a
roughness of e = 0.2 mm, is to be used to carry water at a
temperature of 60°C and with a velocity of 3 m>s.
Determine the pressure drop over its 12-m length if the pipe
is vertical and the flow is upward.
SOLUTION
From Appendix A, n = 0.478(10-6) m2>s and r = 983.2 kg>m3 for water at
T = 60° C. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD (3 m>s)(0.075 m)
Re = = = 4.71(105)
n 0.478 (10 ) m >s
-6 2
e 0.2 ( 10 -3 ) m
= = 0.002667
D
0.075 m
f = 0.025
Thus, the head loss can be determined using
2
L V
12 m (3 m>s ) 2
hL = f = 0.025 a b£ §
D 2g 0.075 m 2(9.81 m>s2 )
= 1.835 m
Applying the energy equation,
p1 V2
1
z p2 V2
g + 2g + 1 = + 2
+ z2 + hL
g 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + 0 + + 12 m + 1.835 m
=
g 2g g 2g
p1 - p2
= 13.835 m
g
p1 - p2 = (13.835 m) 3 (983.2 kg>m3)(9.81 m>s2) 4
∆p = 133.44 (103) Pa = 133 kPa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 133 kPa
875

10–35. The galvanized iron pipe is used to carry water at

75 mm
20°C with a velocity of 3 m>s. Determine the pressure drop
that occurs over a 4-m length of the pipe.
4m
SOLUTION
From the table, e = 0.15(10-3) m. Thus, the relative roughness is
e 0.15(10-3) m
= = 0.002
D 0.075 m
From Appendix A, n = 1.00 (10-6) m2>s and r = 998.3 kg>m3 for water at T = 20° C.
VD (3 m>s)(0.075 m)
Re = = = 2.25(105) 7 2300 (turbulent flow)
n 1.00(10-6) m2>s
f = 0.0245
∆p L V 2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV 2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
4m (998.3 kg>m3)(3 m>s ) 2
= 0.0245 a bJ R
0.075 m 2
∆p = 5870 Pa = 5.87 kPa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 5.87 kPa
877

*10–40. The 50-mm-diameter pipe has a roughness of

e = 0.01 mm. If the discharge of 20°C water is 0.006 m3>s,
determine the pressure at A.
50 mm
B
2m
SOLUTION
A
The velocity of the flow is
Q 0.006 m3>s
VA = VB = V =
= 2
= 3.056 m>s
A p(0.025 m)
From Appendix A, r = 998.3 kg>m3 and n = 1.00(10-6) m2>s for water at T = 20°C.
VD (3.056 m>s)(0.05 m)
Re = n = = 1.53(105 )
1.00(10-6) m2>s
e = 0.01 mm =
D 50 mm 0.0002
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.018. Then, the head loss can be determined using
2
L V
2m (3.056 m>s ) 2
hL = f = 0.018 a bJ R = 0.3427 m
D 2g 0.05 m 2(9.81 m>s2 )
Take the control volume as the water in the pipe.
Applying the energy equation from A to B with the datum set at A,
2
pA V
A z pB VB2
+ + hA + pump = + + zB + hturb + hL
g 2g
g 2g 2
pA V V2
+ + 0 + 0 0 + + 2 m + 0 + 0.3427 m
g 2g =
2g
pA = (998.3 kg>m )(9.81 m>s2)(2 m + 0.3427 m)

3
= 22.94(103) Pa = 22 .9 kPa Ans.
Ans:
pA = 22.9 kPa

882

Head Loss and Darcy Weisbach Equation Problems

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Head Loss and Darcy Weisbach Equation Problems

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10–2. Gasoline at T = 68°F flows through an 8-in.-

For smooth pipe, the Moody diagram gives

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 1 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–3. Glycerin flows through a 6-in.-diameter, horizontal

= 350.80 6 2300 (Laminar flow)

12.44 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(9 ft>s)2(12 ft2

= a 432.69 lb ba 1 ft b = 3.00 psi

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 2 10/03/17 2:36 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 3 10/03/17 2:36 PM

*10–4. If air at a temperature of 100°F flows through the

= 1.11 11052 7 2300 turbulent

p1 - p2 = 10.01772 10.00220 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(30.08 ft>s22115 ft2

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 4 10/03/17 2:36 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 5 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–5. Determine the flow of methane at T = 68°F in ft3>h

2 0.09302 V = 0.6692 ft>s

Re = 460.4110.66922 = 308.10 6 2300 (laminar flow), ok.

The flow rate is

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 6 10/03/17 2:36 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 7 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–6. Water in the old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 8 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–7. Water at 20°C flows upwards through the

pA = 100.6211032 Pa = 101 kPa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 9 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–10. Air at 80°F flows through the commercial steel

From the table in Appendix A, ra = 0.00228 slug>ft3 and va = 0.169110-32 ft2>s

for air at T = 80°F. Here Q = 1300 ft3>min 1 min

Thus, the Reynolds numbers

VDh 115 ft>s210.5714 ft2

and the relative roughness of the commercial steel duct is

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 851 10/03/17 2:37 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 853 10/03/17 2:37 PM

*10–12. A horizontal 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron

The relative roughness is

From the Moody diagram,

Since g = rg, then

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 851 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–13. Air flows through the galvanized steel duct,

Then, the Reynolds number is

and the relative roughness of the galvanized duct, is

∆p = pA - pB = (1.202 kg> m3)(9.81 m>s2)(0.2302 m) = 2.71 Pa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 854 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–14. Determine the greatest air flow Q through the

Since the flow is required to be laminar,

Thus, Q = VA = (0.2026 m>s)(0.15 m)(0.2 m) = 0.006078 m3>s = 0.00608 m3>s Ans.

∆p = (1.202kg> m3)(9.81 m>s2)(0.06791 m) = 0.801 Pa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 855 10/03/17 2:37 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 854 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–17. The old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe runs

The major head loss from A to B can be determined using

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 859 10/03/17 2:37 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 858 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–18. Determine the friction factor of a 2-in.-diameter

f = 0.2804 = 0.280 Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 859 10/03/17 2:37 PM

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 858 10/03/17 2:37 PM

Wout = gwQhpump = (1.937 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(2 ft3>s)(12.38 ft)

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 864 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–23. Air at 60°F is transported by the fan at the rate of A B

For the galvanized iron duct, the relative roughness is

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 863 10/03/17 2:37 PM