SNU5341

mku;T 4

ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy;

vd;gdtw;wpd; Njit

cs;slf;fk;
1.0 mwpKfk;
2.0 ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njitia cUthf;fpa
fhuzpfs;
3.0 ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Njitapd; jd;ik
3.1 Muk;g ghlrhiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fypd; mtrpak;
3.2 ,ilepiy ghlrhiyfspYs;s khztu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fypd;

4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
mtrpak;
rhuhk;rk;
fw;wy; tpisTfs;
SL
kPsha;T tpdhf;fs;
crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
U
1.0 mwpKfk;

fy;tpahdJ xU vz;zf;fU vd;w uPjpapYk; xU nrad;Kiw vd;w uPjpapYk; fhyj;jhYk;

,lj;jhYk; vspjpy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$baJ. tuyhW KOtjpYk; mJ r%f> nghUshjhu>
O

murpay; Nghd;w mOj;jq;fspd; nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gl;Ls;sJ. cz;ikapy; fle;j

fhyq;fSs; fy;tpahdJ ntWk; Nghjid nra;tjhFk; vDk; epiyapypUe;J Mo;e;j
fUj;ij jUk; xd;whf khwpf;nfhz;L te;Js;sJ. khztuJ Njitfisg;
g+u;j;jpnra;tjd; %yk; mtu;fsJ MSik tpUj;jpf;F NghjpasT cjt Vw;ghL nra;J
nfhLf;Fk; NjitAk; mjw;Fs;sJ. ,d;iwa fy;tpr; #o;epiyapy; kdntOr;rprhu;
Jd;gq;fspypUe;J tpLjiy ngw tpUk;Gk; khztuJk;> nghUj;jg;ghlhd kdg;ghq;Ffis
my;yJ elj;ijfis fw;Wf;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; khztuJk; Njitfis
g+u;j;jpnra;tjw;fhf ghlrhiyapdJ Fwpg;ghd jpl;lkpl;l Kaw;rp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
MfNt cyfshtpa uPjpapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fyhdJ fy;tpf; fl;likg;gpd;
xU mq;fkhf tpiuthf khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.

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,e;j mku;T> ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njitia

cUthf;fpa fhuzpfisAk;> me;j Njitapd; jd;ikfisAk; cq;fSf;F tpsf;Fk;.

,e;j tplak; ,yq;ifapd; #o;epiyapy; ngwg;gl;l mDgtq;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jg;gl;L

Muhag;glTs;sJ.

gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; cq;fs; ftdj;ij <u;g;gjw;F ,q;F Kaw;rp nra;ag;gLk;.

(m) Muk;g tFg;G khztu;fSf;F topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njit
(M) ,ilepiy tFg;G khztu;fSf;F topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njit.

2.0 ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njitia

cUthf;fpa fhuzpfs;

SL
gy ehLfspd; r%f nghUshjhu fl;likg;gpy; eilngw;WtUk; khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf
ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; MNyhrid toq;fy; jiyaPl;bd; Njit typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

r%f nghUshjhu> fyhrhu khw;wq;fs; FLk;g tho;f;ifapy; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. xU r%f kakhf;Fk; fUtp vd;w uPjpapy; ,d;W FLk;gj;jpd; gq;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpy; Fiwe;Jf; nfhz;LtUfpd;wJ. f%fj;jpy; Vw;gLk; tpiuthd khw;wq;fs;
U
fhuzkhf kdpj cwTfs; rpf;fyhfpAs;sJld;> xt;nthUtUk; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;
jsu;thf ,Ug;gJk; Fiwfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,yq;ifAl;gl mNef ehLfspy; r%f
khw;wq;fspd; NtfKk;> elj;ijiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ngwg;gl;l guhk;gupa MjuT
mw;Wg;NghdikAk; Fog;gk; mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; tpOkpaq;fs; Kuz;gLtjw;Fk; fhuzkhapw;W.
O

gs;spf;$lr; rpWtu;fs; tpNrlkhf mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfisr; Nru;e;Njhu; jdp

ngw;NwhUld; tho;jy;> Ntiyapd;ik> jPuhj Neha;> neUf;fkhdJk; Nghjpastpy;
fpilf;fhjJkhd tPl;L trjpfs;> tWik> Nghjpa guhkupg;gpd;ik> Gupe;J nfhs;sy; ,d;ik
Mfpatw;wpw;F vjpuhf NghuhlNtz;bAs;sJ.

ghlrhiyapd; fl;likg;G> xOq;fikg;G khw;wq;fSk;> guPl;iria Kf;fpaj;Jkhdjhf

nfhs;Sk; ghlrhiy fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; rpf;fyhd tsu;r;rpAk; mNef khztu;fSf;F
ghlrhiy tho;f;ifia J}z;Ljyw;w> fbdkhd mDgtkhf khw;wpAs;sJ. mj;Jld; kpf
,sk; tajpNyNa ghlrhiyapYk; ghlrhiyf;F ntspapYk; khztu;fs; fLikahd
Nghl;bia vjpu;Nehf;f Ntz;ba epiyf;F js;sg;gLtJk; tsu;e;J tUk; Gjpa Nghf;fhfj;
njd;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; ghlrhiy mDkjpapd; mjpfupg;Gk;> ‘midtUf;Fk;

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fy;tp’ia toq;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaKk; ghlrhiyr; #o;epiyapy; Vw;gLj;jpAs;s

khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf xt;nthU jdp gps;isapdJk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;f;f Ntz;bajd;
mtrpak; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtkile;Js;sJ.

NkNy jug;gl;l tpsf;fq;fs; - rKjha mbg;gilapyhd ghlrhiy mikg;gpyhd

gpd;dzpf; fhuzpfis njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd. mjhtJ kdntOr;rprhu; Jd;gq;fspypUe;J
tpLjiy ngwTk;> nghUj;jg;ghlhd kdg;ghq;FfisAk; elj;ijfisAk;
fw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; khztUf;F ghlrhiy mikg;gpDs;; cjtp Njitg;gLtij ,it
fhl;Lfpd;wd. gpw ehLfisg; Nghy ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapYk; ,J
cz;ikahdNj.

xt;nthU khztDk; xU jdpj;Jtkhd jdpegu; vd;w tpopg;Gzu;it tpUj;jpnra;j fy;tp

khztu; tho;fpd;w>

Neupl;Ls;sJ.
SL
jj;Jtk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lik> vy;yh gps;isfSf;Fk; tpNtfkhd topfhl;ly; Njit
vd;w Nfhupf;iff;F gq;fspg;G nra;Js;sJ>
vjpu;fhyj;py;
,e;j fhuzpfspdhy; ghlrhiyahdJ
thog;Nghfpd;w cyfpw;F

,J ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; MNyhrid toq;fypd;

Vw;g jpUg;jpfukhd
nghUj;jg;ghl;il miltjw;F mtu;fis Maj;jk; nra;tjpy; Nghjpa ftdj;ij nrYj;j

typAWj;JtJld; cyfpd; mNef gFjpfspd; fy;tpaikg;gpd; MNyhrid toq;fyhdJ

xU KOikahd $whf tpiuthf khwpf;nfhz;L tUtjd; fhuzj;ijAk; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
Njitia
U
Muk;g ghlrhiy> ,ilepiy ghlrhiy ,uz;bYNk topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd;
Njit czug;gl;Ls;sJ.

Kiwrhu; ghlrhiyf;F mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; Muk;g ghlrhiyapy; xU gps;is nrytopf;Fk;

O

fhykhdJ mg;gps;isapd; tho;f;ifapNyNa kpf Kf;fpakhd fhykhFk;. Muk;g

ghlrhiy gps;isf;F jhd; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfis milahsq; fz;Lnfhs;tjw;F
Vw;w Kjpu;rr
; p fpilahJ. MdhYk;> rKjhak; rpf;fyhdjhf khwp tUtJk;> ghlrhiy
Kiwikapd; khw;wq;fSk; Muk;g tFg;gpy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njitia
czur;nra;Js;sJ.

Ma;T KbTfspd;gb (tpf;ukul;z 2002) ,yq;ifapy; Muk;g ghlrhiy gps;isfSf;F

ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; %yk; cjtp nra;a Ntz;ba
Njit vOe;Js;sJ. ,jw;Fg; gpujhd fhuzkhf miktJ mtu;fSf;F FLk;gj;jpypUe;J
Nghjpa ftdpg;G toq;fg;glhikNaahFk;. ftdpg;G toq;fg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
gpd;tUkhW :
• xd;wpy; jha; my;yJ jfg;gd; my;yJ ,UtUNk ntspehL nrd;wpUj;jy;

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• jfg;gd; my;yJ jha; gps;isiaf; iftpLjy;

• FLk;gj;jpy; jha; jfg;gDf;fpilNa Kuz;ghL fhzg;gLjy;

Muk;g ghlrhiyapy; EioAk; gps;isfs; jkJ cly;> mwpT> kdntOr;rp> r%f

tpUj;jpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; gy;NtW epiyfis fle;J nry;fpd;whh;fs;.
,g;gps;isfsJ cs;shu;e;j Mw;wy;fis rupahf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; mtu;fs;
ghlrhiy #o;epiyapy; rhjfkhd nghUj;jg;ghl;il miltjw;F cjt KbAk;.

,yq;ifapy; gps;isfspd; Nju;r;rpfis mtu;fs; ghlrhiyapy; EioAk; NghJ

milahsq;fhZk; KiwikAk;> Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lk; Kjy; njhlu;kjpg;gPl;bd; %yk;
gps;isfspd; Nju;r;rpfis njhlu;e;J milahsq;fhZk; nrad;KiwAk; ,d;W
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j gzpfis nra;tJ xU tFg;ghrpupaupd; nghWg;ghFk;. vdpDk;

•
SL
ghlrhiy MNyhrfupd; cjtpAld; gps;isiag; gw;wpa xOq;fhd tpsf;fj;ij
ngWtijAk; mjid tpisj;jpwDld; gad;gLj;JtijAk; xU Mrpupauhy; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. gpd;tUtdtw;wpYk; ftdk; nrYj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhFk; :
• Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpNyNa thrpj;jy;> vOJjy;> fzpj vz;zf;fUf;fs; Mfpa
gug;Gf;fspy; gps;isfspy; fhzg;glf;$ba fw;wy; FiwghLfis milahsq;fz;L
nghUj;jkhd FiwePf;F gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
gy;NtW clypay; uPjpahd jlq;fy; fhuzkhf Vw;glr;$ba FiwghLfis
U
gps;isfs; tajpy; tsUKd; milahsq;fz;L nghUj;jkhd FiwePf;F
rpfpr;irfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
• Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpNyNa mrhjhuzkhd fw;wy; jpwDila (kPj;jpwd;)
gps;isfSf;F tpNrl epfo;r;rpfis xOq;FgLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
O

Nkw;jug;gl;ltw;wpypUe;J Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpYk; MNyhrid toq;fy; Nritapd;

mtrpak; ntspahfpd;wJ. tpNrlkhf MNyhrid gzpapy; tpisjpwDld; <LgLjtw;F
nghUj;jkhd gapw;rpia midj;J MrpupaUk; ngw;wpuhjJ ,jw;F fhuzkhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly;

MNyhrid toq;fypd; Njitia cUthf;fpa gpujhd fhuzpfs; gpd;tUtdtw;Wld;
njhlu;Gilad:

• FLk;g #o;epiyapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fs;

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• tpUk;gj;jf;f nghUj;jg;ghlhd elj;ijia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F ghuk;gupakhf

rKjhaj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;L te;j MjuT ,y;yhJ Nghdik.
• fl;bsk; gUt tpUj;jpAld; Vw;gLk; tpiuthd khw;wq;fs;
• ghlrhiyapy; rpf;fy;fs; mjpfupj;Js;sik

FLk;g #o;epiyapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fs;

FLk;g jfuhW> ngw;Nwhu; gpupjy;> ngw;Nwhu; tpNrlkhf jha;khu; NtiyNjb ntspehL

nry;Yjy;> FLk;gj;jpd; Fiwe;j r%f nghUshjhu epiy> FLk;g #o;epiyapy;
,ila+WfSf;F cl;glf;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yfpd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
rpf;fy;fs; epyTjy; Nghd;wiy FLk;g mikg;gpy; ghupa khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtjw;F
fhuzkhfpAs;sd.

•
•
•
SL
FLk;g #o;epiyapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf gpd;tUk; tpisTfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.
ngw;Nwhu;fSf;Fk; gps;isfSf;Fkpilapy; rpwe;j Gupe;Jzu;tpd;ik
gps;isfSf;F tPl;by; NghjpasT md;Gk; ghrKk; fpilf;fg;ngwhik.
gps;isfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ngw;Nwhu; Nghjpa ftdpg;G toq;fhik

NkYk; tho;f;ifr; rpf;fy;fs; fhuzkhf gps;isfsJ gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gjw;F Nghjpa

U
Neuj;ij ngw;Nwhuhy; xJf;f KbahJs;sJ. ,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspdhy; ,ilepiy
ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; fy;tp gapYk; fl;bsk; gUt khztu;fSf;F jk; gpur;rpidfis
jk;khy; jPu;f;f KbahjNghJ cjtp nra;tjw;F ghlrhiy #o;epiyapy; rhjfkhd
Vw;ghLfs; ,Uj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. vdNt r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfspd; nghJthd
O

Nghf;fpd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapd; FLk;g mikg;gpd; jd;ikapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fs;

ghlrhiy #o;epiyapy; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid
toq;fYf;fhd Njitia cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

ghuk;gupakhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l rKjhaj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l

MjuT ,y;yhky; Nghjy;.
tpUk;gj;jf;f nghUj;jg;ghlhd elj;ijia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F ghuk;gupakhf
rKjhaj;jpypUe;J fpilj;J te;j MjuT mw;Wg;NghditAk; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy
kl;lj;jpy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fYf;fhd Njit Vw;gl;likf;F ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa
fhuzpahFk;.

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kpifahd td; elj;ij> rf khztUlDk; / rfghbfSlDk; Kuz;gly;> r%f fpyp>

mjPj gak;> ghlrhiy #o;epiyf;Nfw;g nghUj;jg;ghliltjpy; gpur;rpid> Nghij
t];Jfs; gad;gLj;jy; Nghd;wit ,yq;ifapy; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;
mDgtpf;Fk; rpy nghUj;jg;ghl;L gpur;rpidfs; vd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpur;rpidf;Fupa elj;ijfs; Njhd;Wtjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. mjhtJ

tpUk;gj;jf;f elj;ij vJntd khztu; mwpe;jpuhik my;yJ mJgw;wp fw;gpf;fg;gl;buhik>
kPstypAWj;jy; epiyikfs; tpUk;gj;jf;f elj;ijfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F Nghjpadthf
fhzg;glhik> tpUk;gj;jfhj elj;ijg; gpur;rpidfs; kPstypAj;jg;gLfpd;wik Nghd;wd
mjw;F fhuzkhfyhk;. tpUk;gj;jfhj elj;ij Nfhyq;fs; tpUj;jpailtjw;F cldb
fhuzk; vJthf ,Ug;gpDk; tpUk;gj;jf;f elj;ijfis fw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F khztu;fSf;F
re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;fNtz;baJ mtrpakhdJ vd;gJ gpw ehLfisg; Nghy

fl;bsk; gUtj;jpduJ
SL
,yq;ifapYk; mjpfkjpfkhf czug;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

tanjy;iyahdJ
,j;jifa #o;epiyapy;
tpUk;gj;jfhj elj;ijfs; tpUj;jpailtij jLf;fTk;> mj;jifa elj;ijfspypUe;J
tpLjiy ntWtjw;Fk; khztUf;F cjTtjw;fhf ghlrhiy mikg;gpDs;; MNyhrfu;
xUtuJ jiyaPL mtrpak; vd;gJ typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

fl;bsk; gU tpUj;jpAld; Vw;gLk; tpiuthd khw;wq;fs;.

,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; fw;Fk;
U
khztuJ tanjy;iyf;Fs; mlq;Ffpd;wJ. fl;bsk; gUt tajpdupy; cly; uPjpahf
Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; jLf;fKbahj ghupa tpisTfis mtupy; Vw;gLj;Jtjhf nghJthf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. cly; Njhw;wj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhUNk
jk; taij xj;NjhuplkpUe;J jhk; NtWgLk; NghJ ghjpg;gilfpd;wdu;. mth;fs; jhk;
O

mjpf gUkdhfNth my;yJ mjpfk; nkypthf ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;J tUe;jf; $Lk; my;yJ
jhk; mjpf Fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;J ftiyailayhk;.

fl;bsk; gUt tsu;r;rp khw;wq;fSld; njhlu;Gila ,d;Ndhu; mk;rk; Xupdr;

Nru;f;ifahFk; (Homosexuality). vdpDk; ,yf;fpa Ma;TfspypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
rhd;Wfspd; gb> fl;bsk; gUtkhdtupy; ,g;gpur;rpidapdhy; Vw;glf;$ba ,lu; jUk;
jhf;fk; kpf Fiwthdjhf ,Ug;gJld;> nghJthf Mz; khztu;fspNyNa ,g;gpur;rpid
mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ (Papalia, D E & Olds, S. W, : 1995).

ghypay; Ra ,d;gk; (masturbation) Fwpj;J ftiyg;gLtJk; cly; uPjpahd khw;wk;

rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfSld; njhlu;GilaJ. ,JTk; nghJthf Mz; khztu;fSf;F

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kl;Lk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU gpur;rpidahFk;. jhk; xU ghupa jPq;if jkf;F Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhz;ldu; vd;w epidT ,tu;fsJ kdj;ij mOj;Jtjhy;> jhk; gpionad mwpe;Jk;
mjid nra;jik Fwpj;j Fw;wTzu;T mtu;fspy; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,J gw;wp mtu;fs;
ahUlDk; NgRtjw;F Jzptjpy;iy. Vnddpy; xU gf;fj;jpy; mtu;fspy; Fw;w czu;T
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ> kWgf;fj;jpy; jhk; epidg;gjd; gbNa mJ jkf;Fj; jhNk
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;l ngupanjhU jPq;F vd cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpLNkh vd;w gak; cs;sJ.
,jdhy; jk; tho;ehis Njitaw;w tprdj;Jld; fopf;fpd;wdu;. ,J mth;fsJ cs
MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F ey;yjy;y. ,yq;ifr; #o;epiyapy; nra;ag;gl;l Ma;Tfspd;gb
(tpf;ukul;d 1990) ghlrhiy MNyhrfNu ,t;thW khztu; mDgtpj;J te;j tprd
epiyapypUe;J mth;fis tpLtpg;gjw;F cjtpAs;shu; vd njupate;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;
cly; uPjpahd khw;wq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd ftiyfs;> gaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Nghf;Ftjw;F
ghuk;gupakhf nghJtpy; cjtp te;j rKjhaj;jpdJk;> tpNrlkhf cjtp te;j
FLk;gj;jpdJk; MjuT mw;Wg;Nghdik ghlrhiy topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Nrit

ghYzu;Tfis jk;khy;
SL
Njitg;gLtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

fl;bsk; gUttajpdupd; tpUj;jpAld; njhlu;GWk; ,d;ndhU gpur;rpidahtJ jk;

fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F Kbahikapdhy; Vw;gLk;
f~;lq;fshFk;. ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfis %j;NjhUld;
fye;JiuahLk; gof;fk; nghJthf fhzg;gLtJ fpilahJ. %j;NjhUk; ,J Nghd;w
gpur;rpidf;fhd tpsf;fj;ij thypgu;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
U
czUtjpy;iy. ghypay; uPjpahd mbg;gil jfty;fs; toq;fg;glhikapd; fhuzkhfNt
vjpu;g;ghyhiug; gw;wpa vjpu;kiwahd kdg;ghq;Ffs; fl;bsk; gUt khztupilNa
tpUj;jpailfpd;wJ vd;gJ ntspg;gilahfpAs;sJ. fl;bsk; gUt tsu;rr ; pAld;
njhlu;Gila ghypay; uPjpahd rupahd jfty;fs; ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf fl;bsk; gUt
O

Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; jk;kpy; Njitaw;w gaq;fis tsu;j;Jf; nfhz;L jk;ikj;jhNk

Jd;GWj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. khztu;fs; ,e;j gaq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F kl;Lky;yhJ
vjpu;ghyiug; gw;wpa rhjfkhd kdg;ghq;if tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk; ghlrhiy
MNyhrfupd; jiyaPL cjtpGupAk;.

NkYk; Ma;Tfspd;gb (tpf;ukul;d 2002) gak;> ftiy> Nfhgk;> tpuf;jp> gjw;wk; Mfpa
czu;Tfs; fl;bsk; gUt khztupy; kd mOj;jj;ijAk; epiwTngwhj czu;itAk;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;w gpujhd kdntOr;rpfshf ,Ug;gjhy; ,yq;ifapy; ,j;jifa khztu;fs;
ghlrhiy MNyhrfupd; cjtpia ehLtjw;F J}z;lg;gLfpwhu;fs;. vdNt tsUk; fl;bsk;
gUt khztupd; kdntOr;rpfSld; njhlu;Gila cstpay; epfo;Tfs; ghlrhiy
mikg;gpNy topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Nritf;fhd gykhd Njitia

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typAWj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;j Nrit khztu; jkJ kdntOr;rp rhu;e;j gpur;rpidfSf;F

Kfq;nfhLf;fTk;> tsu;r;rp milaTk; Kjpu;rr
; pia va;jTk; cjtp nra;Ak;.

ghlrhiy Kiwikfspy; rpf;fy;fs; mjpfupj;jy;

,d;W ,yq;ifapy; eilKiwapYs;s ,ilepiy ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; guPl;irf;F

mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; khztu;fs; cau;e;j milT kl;lj;ij
mila Ntz;LnkdTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf tFg;G Kbe;jgpd;
jdpahu; Nghjdh tFg;Gfis ehb khztu; nry;Yk; Nghf;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ. Xa;tpd;ik
fhuzkhf khztu;fsJ tho;f;if fbdkhfpAs;sJld; mtu;fsJ gpur;rpidfSk;
mjpfupj;Js;sd. ,f;fhuzpfs; khztupy; ghupa mstpyhd gjw;wj;ijAk; gaj;ijAk;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd.

SL
NtiyAyfpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf ghlrhiy fiyj;jpl;lj;jpYk; mbf;fb
khw;wq;fs; nra;a Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g jk;ik
khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ khztUf;F NkYk; rpukj;ij Cl;Ltjhf mikfpd;wJ.
ghlrhiy fiyj;jpl;lk; rpf;fyile;J nry;tJ jLf;f Kbahj tifapy; ngw;Nwhupy;
gjw;wj;ijAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. ghlr; nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf ngw;Nwhupy; Njhd;Wk; kd
mOj;jk;> gjw;wk; vd;gd kPz;Lk; khztUf;F flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
U
kd mOj;jj;ij cUthf;Fk; ghlrhiy tho;f;ifahdJ khztuJ nraw;ghl;by;
tpUk;gj;jfhj jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJld; cstpay; uPjpahf nfLjpAk; tpistpf;fpd;wJ.
gjw;wkiltjd; fhuzkhf xUtu; fw;gjw;F f~;ll; g;gLtJld; guPl;ir fhyq;fspy; mtuJ
rpe;jid nrad;KiwapYk; mJ FWf;fpLfpd;wJ. guPl;ir gjw;wkhdJ xUtuJ fy;tprhu;
O

nraw;ghl;by; fLikahd FWf;fPlhf mikayhk;. ghlrhiy MNyhrfu; ey;ynjhU

njhlu;ghiy epiyehl;Ltjd; %yk; khztu;fs; jsu;thf ,Uf;fTk; kd mOj;jj;ij
(stress) ntw;wpf;;nfhs;sTk; cjTthu;.

ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; mjpfupj;J tUk; rpf;fy;fs; fhuzkhf Muk;g ghlrhiy

,ilepiy ghlrhiy Mfpa ,U kl;lq;fspYk; khztu;fs; jk; fw;wy;rhu; nray;fis
ntw;wpfukhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F xOq;fhd cjtpAk;> MjuTk; Njit vd;gJ
mjpfkjpfk; czug;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa xOq;fhd cjtpiaAk; MjuitAk;
khztu;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;F khztuJ fw;wy; jpwd; gw;wpa jfty;fs;> milTfs;>
khztu; ngWk; nghUshjhu cjtp> r%f gz;Gfs; Nghd;w khztuJ nrhe;j Gs;sp
tpguq;fs; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tpsf;fkspf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; fw;wYld; njhlu;Gila gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Fk; khztu;fSf;F

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Fiwfhz; Nrhjidfs; toq;fg;gl;L> mit Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> mtw;wpw;F tpsf;fkspf;fg;gl;L

NjitNaw;gbd; mjd; KbTfisg; gad;gLj;jTk; NeupLk;. nghJthf khztu; gw;wpa
jfty;fis Nrfupg;gJ tFg;G MrpupauhFk;. vdpDk; ,J gw;wpa Nghjpa gapw;rp
mtUf;F ,y;yhtpbd; tpidj;jpwDld; tpsf;fkspg;gjw;Fk; khztu; gw;wpa jfty;fis
ey;yKiwapy; gad;gLj;jTk; Kbahky; Nghtjhy; vjpu;ghu;j;j tpisTfis
milaKbahJ. xU ghlrhiy MNyhrfuhy; kl;LNk khztuJ fy;tprhu;e;j
gpur;rpidfisAk; f~;lq;fisAk; jPu;g;gjw;fhf khztu; gw;wpa jfty;fis
tpisj;jpwDld; tpsf;fTk; mtw;iw rupahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jTk; KbAk;.

NkYk; xU Nju;r;rpngw;w MNyhrfuhNyNa fw;wy;rhu; gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Fk;

khztu;fSf;F Fiwfhz; Nrhjidfis tpisj;jpwDld; toq;fTk;> mtw;wpw;F
mu;j;jKs;s tpsf;fkspf;fTk;> FiwePf;F nraw;ghLfis tpisj;jpwDld; tpUj;jp

nraw;ghL 01

1.
,d;iwa
SL
nra;aTk; KbAk;. ,itAk; ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fypd;
Njitia typAWj;Jtdtha; mikfpd;wd.

xU ghlrhiy MNyhrfiu Neu;Kfk; fz;L mtuJ fUj;jpd;gb ,yq;ifapy;

ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy;
U
mtrpag;gLtjw;fhd fhuzpfis fz;lwpf.
2. mtu; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fis ePu; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wPuh my;yth vd;gij fhuzq;fs; fhl;b
tpsf;Ff.
O

3.0 ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Njitapd; jd;ik

3.1 Muk;g ghlrhiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fypd; mtrpak;

Muk;g ghlrhiy khztUf;fhd MNyhrid toq;fyhdJ ,uz;L gpujhd gpupTfSs;

mlq;Fk;. xU Gwk; gps;isfspd; tpUj;jpapy; rhjfkhd Kiwapy; nray;gLtjw;F Muk;g
ghlrhiy khztupd; ngw;NwhUld; ghlrhiy MNyhrfu; ,iltpidahw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ.
kWGwj;jpy; Muk;g ghlrhiy gps;isfSld; Neubahf njhlu;Gnfhz;L> tpNrlkhf
tpUj;jprhu; gpur;rpidfis mtu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cjTtjw;fhd NjitAKs;sJ.

ngw;NwhUldhd ,iltpid> mtu;fspy; tpopg;Gzu;it tpNrlkhf gpd;tUtdtw;wpy;

tpopg;Gzu;it cUthf;Ftjw;F Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

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• jfg;gDf;F jhapw;Fkpilapy; epyTk; neUf;fkhd RKfkhd cwT gps;isapd;

cs MNuhf;fpaj;jpy; nry;thf;FnrYj;Jfpd;wJ. MfNt ,j;jifa cwit
jhgpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
• gps;isfSf;F rkNghrhf;Fs;s czT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
• gps;isfis xOq;fhf ghlrhiyf;F mDg;Gtjd; %yk; ghlrhiy tutpd;ikahy;
fw;wypYk; tpUj;jpapYk; Vw;gLk; nghUj;jkw;w jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;s
Kbfpd;wJ.
• ghlrhiyf;F gpd; mth;fs; jk; Neuj;ij fopg;gJ vt;thW vd;gJ Fwpj;J
jpl;lkpLtjw;F gps;isapd; ghlrhiy ehl;fspd; Muk;g fhyj;jpNyNa cjt
Ntz;bAs;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; ngUk;ghyhd ngw;Nwhu; Nkw;jug;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp tFg;G Mrpupau;

jk;kplk; NgRtij tpl thz;ikahsu; xUtu; jk;kplk; NgRtijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. ,J

Ntz;bAs;sJ.
•
MNyhrfu;
SL
ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; xU MNyhrfupd; gq;if typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

fPo;jug;gl;Ls;s gpur;rpidfs;> FiwghLfs;>

ghlrhiy Muk;g ghlrhiy

fw;wy; ,lu;g;ghLfs;> fw;ww; FiwghLfs;

Fiwfs; Nghd;wtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
khztu;fSf;F Neubahf cjtpnra;a

•
U
ghu;j;jy;> Nfl;ly;> Ngr;Rf; FiwghLfisAila gps;isfs; mDgtpf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs;
• ghlrhiyapy; tFg;gpy; nghUj;jg;ghliltjpy; vjpu; Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs;
• rhjhuz cstpay; uPjpahd Fiwfs;
• fw;wypy; ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ij cz;Lgz;Zk; nghUshjhu f~;lq;fs;
O

• mjp njhopw;ghl;L elj;ij> mopj;jy; rhu;e;j elj;ij> r%fj;jpypUe;J gpd;thq;fy;

Nghd;w rhjfkw;w elj;ijfs;

3.2 ,ilepiy ghlrhiyfspYs;s khztu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fypd; mtrpak;

,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhd MNyhrid Njitia gpd;tUk; gpupTfSs;

mlf;f KbAk;.
• tpUj;jprhu; Njitfs;
• jLj;jy; Njit
• gpur;rpidfis rkhspg;gjw;F cjtpnra;a Ntz;ba Njit
,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; ntw;wpngWk; NjitAk;
fw;wy; nraw;ghLfisj; jpUg;jpfukhf nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;gJTNk tpUj;jprhu; Njitfspd;

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Kf;fpakhditahf ,Ug;gjhf njd;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy

khztu;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpidfis kPl;Lg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ ghlrhiy KiwikapDs;
MNyhridg; gzp ngUk;ghyhd khztu;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; fy;tprhu;e;jjhfNt
cs;sikia typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
• ghlj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;j Kbahik
• fw;ww; nraw;ghLfspy; Mu;tk; FiwT
• fw;wtw;iw epidtpypUj;jpf; nfhs;tjpy; f~;lk;
• ghlg; gpupitj; njupT nra;tjpy; f~;lk;
• thrpj;jy; vOJjypy; f~;lk;
• ghlrhiyf;F nry;tjw;F Nrhk;gw;gly;
• guPl;irg; gjw;wk;
vd;gd ,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; fw;wy; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd
gpujhd gpur;rpidfs; MFk;.

SL
tpUj;jprhu; Njitfisg; nghWj;jstpy; fw;wy; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T
fhz;gjw;F MNyhrid Njitg;gLtJld; rfkhztUldhd ,iltpidf;Fj; Njitahd
jpwd;fis tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; cjtp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
njhopy; njit gw;wpAk; czu;tjhf njd;gLfpd;wJ.
NkYk; khztu;fs;
U
,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;Wtij jLg;gJk; gpur;rpidfis
rkhspg;gjw;F cjtp nra;tJk; $l khztu;fsJ Kf;fpakhd Njitahf cs;sJ.
khztu;fsplk; fw;wy; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfs; vOtij jLj;jy;> Nghijg; nghUs;
ghtid> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw jLj;jy;> xUtuJ Kjpu;rr; pAld; Njhd;Wfpd;w clypay;
O

ghypay; uPjpahd khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;j khztupy; tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;JtJ %yk;

vjpu;ghyhUldhd njhlu;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfis jLj;jy; Nghd;wd ahTk;
khztupy; gpur;rpidfs; vohJ jLj;jy; Njit vd;gjw;F cjhuzq;fshf mikAk;.

nghUj;jg;ghL rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfshfpa ghlrhiy #oYld; nghUj;jg;ghL mila

Kbahik> r%f fpyp> mjPj gak;> Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid Nghd;wtw;iw
rkhspg;gjw;Fk; khztu;fSf;F MNyhrid Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpNrlkhf khztuJ tpUj;jprhu; Njitfis jpUg;jpg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;Fk;> gpur;rpidfs;

vohJ jLg;gjw;Fk; mt;thW vOk;gl;rj;jpy; Muk;gj;jpNyNa jiyapLtjw;Fk; ‘rhjhuz’
khztd; my;yJ khztp vd miof;fg;gLgtUf;Fk; mtu;fs; rhjhuzkhf ngWtijtpl
mjpfsT ftdpg;G xU MNyhrfuhy; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gij KOikahd
MNyhrid epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

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nraw;ghL 02
a. cq;fs; ghlrhiyapy; my;yJ NtnwhU ghlrhiyapy; Muk;g ghlrhiy my;yJ
,ilepiy ghlrhiy gps;isfs; mDgtpf;Fk; rhjfkw;w #o;epiyikfisg; gw;wp
Nfl;lwpf.
b. ePq;fs;; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l jfty;fspdbg;gilapy; ghlrhiy KiwikapDs;
topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Njitapd; jd;ikia tpsf;Ff.

4.0 rhuhk;rk;

ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Njitia cUthf;fpa

ghlrhiy khztu;fs;
ngWtjw;fhfTk;
jkJ
SL
fhuzpfs; ,e;j Njitapd; jd;ik vd;gd gw;wp ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g ghlrhiy>
,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpid njhlu;GgLj;jp tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. gpwehLfisg; NghyNt
,yq;ifapYk; rKjha mbg;gilapyhd> ghlrhiy mbg;gilapyhd fhuzpfspdhy;
kdntOr;rprhu;
nghUj;jg;ghlhd
njhe;juTfspypUe;J
kdg;ghq;FfisAk;
tpLjiy
elj;ijfisAk;
fw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; ghlrhiy mikg;gpDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy;
epiyaj;jpd; cjtpia ehl Ntz;ba epiy cUthfpAs;sJ.
U
,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpyhd MNyhrid toq;fy; ,U Nehf;fq;fisAilaJ. xU
Gwj;jpy; gps;isfspd; tpUj;jpapy; jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;Ftjw;fhf ngw;Nwhiu rhjfkhd
Kiwapy; jpirKfg;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. kWGwj;jpy; tpNrlkhf tpUj;jpAld; njhlu;ghd
gpur;rpidfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Muk;gghlrhiy gps;isfSf;F Neubahf cjtpnra;a
O

Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ.

Muk;g ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpYs;s khztu;fspd; Njitfis tpUj;jprhu; Njitfs;> jLj;jy;

Njit> gpur;rpidfis rkhspg;gjw;F cjtp ey;fy; vd tifg;gLj;jyhk;. tpUj;jprhu;
Njitfs; vd;gd ngUk;ghyhd ,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;fisg; nghWj;jstpy;
fw;wy; rhu;e;j gpur;rpidfSf;fhd MNyhrid jiyaPlhf mikfpd;wJ. vdpDk;
r%fj;jpwd;fis tpUj;jpnra;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; khztu;fSf;F cjtp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
NkYk; khztupy; gpur;rpidfs; vo Kd; mtw;iw jLg;gJk; jkJ gpur;rpidfis
rkhspg;gjw;F cjTtJk; ,ilepiy ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; kpf mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

5.0 fw;wy; tpisTfs;;

,e;j mku;itf; fw;Wf;nfhz;l cq;fshy;

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(i) ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy; Nritf;fhd

mtrpak; Vw;gl;likf;fhd fhuzpfis tpNrlkhf ,yq;ifAld; njhlu;GgLj;jp
tpsf;fTk;.
(ii) (m) Muk;g ghlrhiy (M) ,ilepiy ghlrhiy khztu;fisg; nghWj;jstpy;
,yq;ifapd; ghlrhiy KiwikapDs; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;fy;
NritapdJ Njitapd; jd;ikia tpsf;fTk;.
KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

6.0 crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

• Papalia, D. E & Olds, S.W. Human Development McGraw – Hill, Inc.

• Sears, S.J (1990) Student Competencies : A Guide for school counselors. Alexandria: VA :
American School counselor Association
•

• SL
Wickremaratne, V (1990) A Mental Health Approach to Counselling Intervention in the
School setting. Ph. D Thesis (unpublished)
Wickremaratne, V (2002) Effectiveness of Counselling Practices in the School Setting
(Final Report of a Study undertaken for National Institute of Education)
U
O

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SL
U
O

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