SNU5341

%d;whk; mku;T

ey;y nghUj;jg;ghLila MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;GtJ njhlu;ghd

f~;lq;fs;

cs;slf;fk;
❖ mwpKfk;

❖ edtpypf; fhuzp

SL
❖ FLk;gk; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;

❖ tho;f;if mOj;jk;; (stress) rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;

❖ gjfspg;Gr;(anxiety) rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;

❖ clypaw; fhuzpfs;

❖ rhuhk;rk;
U
❖ fw;wy; tpisTfs;;

❖ crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
O

mwpKfk;
Ke;jpa mku;tpNy tFg;giw fw;wy; eltbf;iffSf;F khztuJ MSik
nghUj;jg;ghl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp ehk; fye;JiuahbNdhk;. nghUj;jg;ghlhd
MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;g cjTfpd;w gpujhd fhuzp ghlrhiyahFk;. mjdhy;
tpNrlkhfr; nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;gpf; nfhs;tjpy; f~;lq;fis
vjpu;Nehf;Fk; khztu;fisg; gw;wpf; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mJ njhlu;ghf
cq;fis Muhaj; J}z;Lk; jfty;fs; ,t;tku;tpy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLk;.

,q;F Muk;gj;jpNyNa nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;g xU jilahapUf;fpd;w

edtb epiyf;fhuzp gw;wp cq;fs; ftdj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;LtUfpNwhk;.

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,uz;lhtjhff; FLk;gk; rhu;e;j fhuzp nghUj;jg;ghliltjw;F jilahf mikAk; Kiw

gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wJ. mjw;Nfw;g xUgps;is nghUj;jg;ghliltjpy;; FLk;gj;jpd;
nry;thf;Fg; ngUk; gq;Nfw;fpd;wikia ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tPu;fs;.

mijj;njhlu;e;J tho;f;if mOj;jq;fs; rhu;e;j fhuzp nghUj;jg;ghlhd; MSikiaf;

fl;bnaOg;gpf; nfhs;tjpy; jilahfr; nraw;gLk; Kiwgw;wp tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vg;NghJk;
khwpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; #oYf;F Vw;wthW jd;id khw;wpf;nfhs;s Kbahik gps;isapd;
md;whl nghUj;jg;ghl;L nraw;ghl;bd; kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; Kiwia tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;s ,g;gFjp cq;fSf;F cjTk;. NkYk; ePq;fs; gjfspg;G rhu;ghd fhuzp xU
gps;is nghUj;jg;ghlilttw;F vt;thW jilahf mikfpd;wnjd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s
KbAk;. mJ gps;is jdJ MSikia cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sj; jilahf mikfpd;wJ
vd;gij ePq;fs; ed;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s cjTk;.

SL
,Wjpahfr; nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;gj; jilahf mikAk; clypaw;
fhuzp gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gFjpapd;%yk; clypaw; fhuzp> fw;Fk;
,lh;ghLfSf;F toptFg;gJld; jdpahs; ,ilj;njhlu;GfisAk;; ghjpf;fpd;wnjd;gij
ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tPu;fs;.

nkhj;jj;jpy; ,t;tku;tpd; %yk; nghUj;jg;ghliltjpy;; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; gy;NtW

fhuzpfs; gw;wp kpfr; rpwe;jnjhU tpsf;fk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;NjhL nghUj;jg;ghl;L
U
gpur;rpidfis gpujpgypf;Fk; elj;ij gz;Gfspd;kPJk; cq;fs; ftdj;ij <u;f;f ehk;
vj;jdpj;Js;Nshk;.

MfNt ,t;tku;itf; fw;W nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;gj; jilahf

O

mikAk; fhuzpfs; gw;wp ey;y Kiwapy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tPu;fs; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

Kw;Nrhjid
1. ghlrhiyapy; fw;fpd;w xU khztDf;F nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf;
fl;bnaOg;gijf; f~;lkhf;Ffpd;w fhuzpfs; ahit?
2. mf;fhuzpfSf;fpilapy; ePu; fhZk; njhlu;G ahJ?

nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; fhzg;gLk; jilfs;

xU khztd nghUj;jg;ghliltjw;Fj; jilahff;fhzg;gLk; tplaq;fSs; gpd;tUk;

fhuzpfs; tpNrlkhf Kf;fpakhdit vdf; fUjyhk;.
1. edtpypf; fhuzp

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2. FLk;gk; rhu;e;j fhuzp

3. tho;;fi
; f neUf;fpilfs; rhu;e;j fhuzp
4. gjfspg;G rhu;e;j fhuzp
5. clypaw; fhuzp

,f;fhuzpfs; gw;wpj; jdpj;jdpahfr; rku;g;gpf;f Kw;gl;l NghjpYk; mtw;Wf;fpilapy;

fhzg;gLk; njhlu;GfisAk; Muha;e;J fw;gJ cq;fSf;F kpfg; gad;jUk; vd;gijf;
ftdpf;f.

edtpypf;fhuzp
my;gu;l vyp]; vDk; mwpjy;rhu; elj;ijthj cstpaywpQu; xU jdpahspd; mwpNt
mtuJ elj;ijapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhu;. ,f;fUj;Jj;

SL
Njhd;w Kd;du; rpf;kz;l; Gnuha;l; jdJ Muha;rr
; p mDgtq;fspd; %yk; ,jid xj;j xU
tplaj;ijNa tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhu; - mjhtJ xUtupd; edtpyp cs;sNk mtuJ
elj;ijapy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;W mwpe;Jnfhz;lhu;.

gpwe;jjpypUe;J xU gps;is jd; tho;f;ifapy; gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; Kfq;nfhLf;fNtz;b

Vw;gLfpd;w tpuf;jpfs; mtdJ edtpypAs;sj;jpy; xLf;fp itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf>
cupa Neuj;jpy; ghy; fpilf;fg;ngwhj Foe;ij rj;jkpl;L mOtjd;%yk; jdJ
U
vjpu;g;igAk; Nfhgj;ijAk; ntspf;fhl;LfpwJ. mt;thW njhlu;e;Jk; eilngWk;NghJ jdJ
jha;kPJ NfhgKk; gopthq;Fk; vz;zKk; gps;isapd; edtpyp epiyapy; tsUk;. mj;jifa
xU gps;isapy; taJ te;j gpd;dUk; mtuJ jha; kPjpyhd ituhf;fpaKk; vjpu;g;Gzu;Tk;
njhlu;e;Jk; epyTtjw;Nf ,lKz;L.
O

Foe;ijapd; Njitfis ed;whf czu;e;j xU jha; Foe;ij mtw;iwf; Nfl;Lg;

NghuhLk;tiu ghu;j;jpUf;f khl;lhs;. mf;Foe;ijf;Fg; ghy; Njitg;gLk;NghJk; J}f;fKk;
Rj;jg;gLj;jYk; Njitg;gLk;NghJk; mtw;iw mts; G+u;j;jp nra;ths;. ,j;Njitfis
KOikahfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wtjd; fhuzkhfg; gps;isf;Fj; jha;kPJ
ek;gpf;ifAk; md;Gk; ngUFk;. jhapd; clypdhy; fpilf;Fk; ];guprKk; #Lk; jhNahL
cs;s cwit kpfTk; jPtpukilar; nra;Ak;. ,t;Twtpd; fhuzkhff; Foe;ijg;
gUtj;jpypUe;J gps;isg; gUtj;jpy; fhyb vLj;Jitf;Fk; gps;is jhNahL fhyj;ijf;
fopf;fTk; jha;fF
; g; gzpe;J elf;fTk; mtisg; gpd;gw;wTk; Kaw;rpf;Fk;. ,q;F
gps;isapd; gzpTk; jha;kPJ cs;s Mu;tKk; mjidnahl;ba rfy elj;ijfSk;
edtpypf; fhuzpfspd; nry;thf;Ffspdhy; Mdit vd;gJ cq;fSf;F tpsq;Fk;.

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jha; kPJ ntWg;G cUthFkhdhy; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lthW mt;ntjpu;g;Gg; gps;isapd;

edtpypAs;sj;jpy; tsu;r;rpailayhk;. Njitfs; epiwNtw;Wjy; cupa tpjj;jpy;
eilngwhikapdhYk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; vjpu;g;gpd; fhuzkhfTk; gps;is jhiag;
gpd;gw;whjpUf;fTk; mtSf;Ff; fPo;g;gbahjpUf;fTk; edtpypAs;sk; J}z;Lk;.
,t;ntjpu;g;Gk; NkhjYk; Kuz;ghL vdg;gLk;. ,e;jj; jha; vjpu;g;G Cf;fk; mtu; jd;
kidtpiaj; njupTnra;Ak;NghJk; mtNuhL eilngWk; md;whlf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd;
,ay;igj; jPu;khdpg;gjpYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd Gnuha;l; thjpfs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
md;G fpilf;fg; ngwhjNghJ xUth; jdJ md;Gf;FupatSf;F ,ilQ;ry; Vw;gLj;Jjy;>
Mgj;ij tpistpj;jy;> jpUkzj;jpd; gpd; mtu; kPJ fLikahf elj;jy;> Jd;GWj;Jjy;
Kjypatw;iw nra;tij ,jw;F cjhuzkhff; fhl;lyhk;.

Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; jhapd; ,wg;G> tpthfuj;J> gpupe;jpUj;jy; my;yJ jha; ntspehL

nrd;wpUj;jy; Kjypa fhuzq;fspdhYk; jhapd; ];guprk;> nfhQ;Rjy;> czT+l;Ljy;>

Vw;gLj;Jk;.

gps;isf;Fj;

jha;fF
je;ijapd;
SL
gUf;Fjy;> Rj;jk; nra;jy;> fOTjy; Kjyhdit gps;isf;Ff; fpilf;fhkw; NghFk;. ,J
gps;isf;Fg; ngUk; neUf;fpilahtNjhL ,d;gk; kWf;fg;gl;ikahy;

NjitAk; ,t;thNw ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

tpuf;jpiaAk;

gps;is gbg;gbahf
tsUk;NghJ je;ijapd; njhlu;Gk; mtupd; jiyikj;JtKk; mtDf;Fj; Njit. ,q;F
; k; je;ijf;Fk; ,Uf;fpd;w rpwe;j njhlu;igAk; me;epNahd;dpa nfsutj;ijAk;
U
ftdj;jpnyLj;Jj; je;ijf;F kupahij nrYj;jTk; mtuJ rpw;rpy Fzq;fisg;
gpd;gw;wTk; Muk;gpg;ghd;.

jha;fF
; k; je;ijf;Fk; Nkhjy; eilngWk;NghJ je;ijapd; jiyikj;Jtj;ijf; ftdpahJ
O

tpLk; FLk;gr; #o;epiyapy; gps;is cs Kuz;ghl;Lf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk;. jha; je;ij

,UtiuAk; gps;isf;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sf; f~;lkhtNjhL ngz;gps;isf;Fj; jhapd;
cz;ikahd ghj;jpuj;ijf; fw;Fk; tha;g;Gk; ,y;yhJ NghFk;. jdf;Fupa ghj;jpuj;ijf;
fw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fhkw; Nghtjhy; gps;is ghj;jpu tpuprYf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk;.
mj;jifa FLk;gj;jpy; Mz;gps;is tsu;e;j gpd;dUk; jdJ jiyikj;Jtk; gw;wp
,uz;Lk; nfl;l epiyapy; Kd;tuj; jaq;Fjy;> jd;dk;gpf;if Fiwjy;> cau; tho;f;if
,yf;Ffisf; fl;bnaOg;gpf;nfhs;tjpy; f~;lk;> tpuf;jp> Mz;ik elj;ijfspy;
FiwghLfisf; fhl;Ljy; Kjypa gz;Gfisg; NghyNt fy;tpapYk; rpy f~;lq;fs;
Vw;glTk; ,e;epiyik fhuzkhFk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; cz;L. ,j;jifa elj;ij ePz;lfhyk;
epiyj;jpUg;gJld;; ,it MSikf; FiwghL Vw;glNth my;yJ MSikapd; $Wfs;
xd;wpNyh gytw;wpNyh FiwghLfs; Vw;glNth fhuzkhf mikayhk;.

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nraw;ghL 01
(i) cq;fs; ghlrhiyapy; fw;fpd;w khztu;fSs; ey;y nghUj;jg;ghL miltjpy;;
FiwghLilatu;fs; vd;W fUjj;jf;f rpy khztu;fisj; njupTnra;f.
(ii) mk;khztu;fs; gw;wpg; gpd;tUk; jfty;fisr; Nrfupf;f.
(m) gps;isfs; tsUk; FLk;gr; #o;epiyapd; ,ay;Gfs; (FLk;g mq;fj;jtu;fs;>
FLk;g r%f nghUshjhug; gpd;dzp Nghd;w fhuzpfs;)
(M) rpWtaJ Kjy; jkJ ngw;Nwhu;fSld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;Gfspd; ,ay;Gfs;.

(iii) ePq;fs; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jpa gps;isfs; nghUj;jg;ghL miltjpy; edtpypf;

fhuzpfs; ve;jsTf;Fj; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd?.

SL
nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;F jilahf mikaf;$ba edtpypAs;sj;jpy; epfOk; gy
tplaq;fisg;gw;wpg; gFg;gha;T cstpayhsu;fs; gyu; tpsf;fpAs;sdu;. nraw;ghL 01 ,y;
ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf;nfhz;l tplaq;fis epidTgLj;jpf;nfhz;L Nky;tUk; tplaq;fisf;
fw;f Kw;gLq;fs;. mjd; %yk; ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf;nfhz;;l tplaq;fNshL rk;ge;jg;gl;l
nfhs;if rhu;e;j jfty;fs; gw;wpa cq;fsJ mwpT tpUj;jpailAk;.

gFg;gha;T cstpayhsu;fs; fUJtJ Nghd;W gps;is jhdhfNt mlf;fpahs Ntz;ba

U
,ay;ghdJk; kpfTk; rpf;fyhdJkhd csj;jilfs; cs;sd. ,it “rpf;fy;fs;” vd
miof;fg;gLk;. rpf;fy;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; ntw;wpnfhs;tjw;F gps;isf;Fj; jhapdJk;
je;ijapdJk; kpfTk; neUf;fkhdJk; el;GuPjpahdJkhd cjtp Njit.
O

‘<l;bg]; rpf;fy;’ ,jpy; Kf;fpa ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. jha;g;ghy; fpilj;jy;> jhapd; ];guprk;>

Njitfs; epiwNtWjy; Kjypa ,d;g epiyfspd; %yk; jha;fF ; k; Mz;gps;isf;Fk;
(kfd;) ,ilapy; cUthFk; gtpj;jpukhd md;G cs ghypay; mgptpUj;jpAld; gpizg;ghf
mgptpUj;jpailfpd;wJ vd csg;gFg;gha;Tf; nfhs;ifapd;gb tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb
Mz;gps;is jd; je;ij jd; jha;kPJ fhl;Lk; neUf;fj;ij tpUk;ghJ. je;ijNahL
,Uf;Fk; ,e;j Nghl;b jhapd; md;Gj; jiyaPl;bd; fhuzkhfr; rkepiyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
mjd;%yk; je;ijkPJ kupahijahf ele;J nfhs;sTk; jhiar; nrhe;jkhf;fpf;
nfhs;tijtplj; jha;kPJ kupahij nrYj;jTk; gps;is gofpf;nfhs;Sk;. ,J mikjpahf
eilngWtjw;Fj; jhAk; je;ijAk; Gj;jprhJupakhf cjtpnra;a Ntz;Lk;. ‘<bg]; rpf;fy;’
kpfTk; El;gkhd Kiwapy; ntw;wpnfhs;sg;glhtpl;lhy; Mz;gps;is jd; je;ijapD}lhf
gofpf;nfhs;Sk; taJf;F Vw;w MZf;Fupa MSik tsu;rr ; pAk; MSik gz;Gfs;;
jhkjkila ,lKz;L.

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ngz;ghy; elj;ijfisf; $Ljyhfg; gofpf;nfhz;lhy; Xu; Mz;gps;isnad;w tifapy;

ghj;jpuj;ij Vw;wypy; FiwghLfs; Vw;gLk;.

ngz;gps;is je;ijkPJ Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk; gpizg;G ‘,nyf;Nwh rpf;fy;’ vdg;gLk;.

tsUk;NghJ gbg;gbahf ,jid xU kupahijf;Fupa njhlu;ghf khw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;F
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lthW jhapdJk; je;ijapdJk; cjtp Njit. mr;nrad;Kiwf;Fj; jil
Vw;gLk;NghJ ngz;ghy; MSik gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; gpur;rpid
Vw;gLtJld; Mz;-ngz; njhlu;gpy; FiwghLk; Vw;gLk;. ,jdhy; jhNahL mbf;fb Nkhjy;
Vw;gLjy;> mg;ghj;jpuj;ij Vw;wypy; gpu;r;rpid Njhd;Wjy;> gpw;fhyj;jpy; fztd; kidtp
njhlu;gpy; gpur;rpid Vw;gLjy; vd;gd epfoyhk;.

nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;F jilahf mikAk; mj;jifa edtpypf;fhuzpfs; gytw;iwg;

edtbf; fhuzpfs; Mfyhk;.

SL
gFg;gha;T cstpayhsu;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;sdu;.

gps;is tsu;g;gpd;NghJ FLk;g xOf;fhw;W tpjpfs;> fLikahd jz;lid> fLikahf

Rj;jj;ijg; NgZk; gapw;rp Kjypa fhuzpfSk; nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;F vjpuhd
cjhuzkhf> rpW taJ Kjy; Rj;jj;ijg; NgZjy;
njhlu;ghfj; jz;lidf;Fs;shFk; gps;is gpw;fhyj;jpy; msTf;F mjpfkhfr; Rj;jj;ij
NgZgtuhf my;yJ vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; xOq;FKiwahfr; nra;a Kaw;rpf;Fk;
U
xUtuhf elf;f ,lKz;L. edtpypf;fhuzp rkepiyahd elj;ijia NgZtjw;F ,q;F
jilahf nraw;gLtNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

FLk;gf; fhuzp
O

,t;tku;tpy; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l edtpypf;fhuzp vDk; jiyg;gpYk; nghUj;jkw;w FLk;gr;

#oy; jdpahs; nghUj;jg;ghL miltjpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjk; gw;wp ghu;j;Njhk;.
nghUj;jg;ghLila MSikia cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sj; jilahf mikAk; FLk;gk; rhu;e;j
NtW fhuzpfSk; cs;sd.

gpwg;gpypUe;J Kjy; Ie;J Mz;LfSk; NghyNt mijj; njhlu;e;JtUk; gj;J tUlKk;

$lg; gps;isf;Fj; jhapd; njhlu;G kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. jha; ,we;JNghjy;>
ntspehl;Lf;Fr; nrd;wpUj;jy;> gpupe;jpUj;jy;> tpthfuj;J Kjypatw;wpdhy; gps;isfspd;
,j;Njitf;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; gps;isapd; Njit epiwTnra;ag;gLtjw;Fk;
mj;NjhL ,d;gepiyf;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fspd; fhuzkhfg;
gps;isf;Fj; jdJ ghj;jpuj;ij tpUj;jpnra;J nfhs;tjw;Fs;s tha;g;Gf; fpl;lhJNghf
,lKz;L.

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mijtpl>
• jha;fF
; k; je;ijf;Fk; ,ilapy; Nkhjy; Vw;gLjy;.
• jfg;gdpd; jiyikj;Jtk; jhapdhy; Vw;fg;glhik.
• jha; my;yJ je;ij FLk;gj;Jf;F ntspNa fhjy; njhlu;G itj;jpUj;jy;.
• je;ijapd; Kul;Lj;jdkhd fLikahd Nghf;F.
• je;ij my;yJ jhapd; MSikf; FiwghL.
• je;ij my;yJ jha; my;yJ ,UtUk; csNehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;.
Nghd;w fhuzpfspdhYk; ey;ynjhU FLk;gr; #oy; rpije;J Nghfyhk;.

nraw;ghL 02

1. ePq;fs; NkNy nraw;ghL 01 ,d; fPo; jpul;ba jfty;fis kPz;Lk; Muha;e;J

ghUq;fs.;

SL
2. mj;jfty;fspd;gb FLk;gr; #oy; rpijtiljy;> ePq;fs; Muha;e;j gps;isfspd;
ghj;jpuq;fis tpUj;jpnra;tjpy; vj;jifa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;snjd Muha;e;J
Xu; mwpf;ifiaj; jahupf;f.

FLk;gr; #oy; rpijtiltjd; fhuzkhf xU gps;is jd; ghj;jpuj;ij tpUj;jp

U
nra;tjw;F cs;s tha;g;Gf; Fiwtjhy;> mJ mg;gps;is ey;y nghUj;jg;ghlhd
MSikia fl;bnaOg;Gtijg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. FLk;gj;jpy; Vw;gLk; fLikahd Nkhjy;;
gps;isf;F kdmOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa epiy xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;Jf;F
ePbf;Fk;NghJ gps;isaplk; gy;NtW cly;> csf; FiwghLfs; Njhd;wTk; mjdhy;
O

gps;is mbf;fb itj;jpa rpfpr;ir ngwTk; Neuyhk;. Nkhrkhd FLk;gr; #oy; ePz;lfhyk;
epiyj;jpUf;Fk;NghJ gps;isf;Ff; fw;wy; f~;lkhfj; Njhd;wTk; milTkl;lk;
tPo;rr
; pailaTk; ,lKz;L.

fw;wNyhL rk;ge;jg;gl;l ngUk;ghyhd FiwghLfs; tPl;NlhL njhlu;Gila csg;gpur;rpid

fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; gjfspg;Gld; njhlh;Gilanjd vd nfh];yu; (1966) gupNrhjid
xd;wpd; %yk; vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shu;. mtuJ fUj;Jg;gb fw;wYf;F csMw;wy; Njit.
mjhtJ VNjh cly; cs rf;jp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. khztdpd; tPl;NlhL xl;ba
#oypy; xU gpur;rpid ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,t; cs Mw;wy; fw;wy; gf;fkpd;wp me;j
ntspg; gpur;rpidapd; gf;fk; nry;fpd;wJ. ,jidg; gpd;tUk; Fwpg;gpd;%yk; tpsf;fyhk;.

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tPl;ilr; rhu;e;j #oypy; epyTk; gpur;rpid

fw;wy;

,e;epiyikapy; khztu; milT fPo; kl;lj;Jf;F tPo;rr ; paila ,lKz;L. ,t;thW

];ngw;up> cy;wpr; ];Nltu; (Sperry, Ulrich, And Staver) MfpNahu; fw;wNyhL
rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpidfs; gyTk; tPl;ilr; rhu;e;j Nfhg%l;Lk; czu;NthL njhlu;Gila
ghJfhg;G El;gq;fs;(defense mechanisms) vdj; jdpahs; Ma;Tfs; gytw;wpd;
%yk; gFg;gha;T nra;Jfhl;bAs;sdh;.;

SL
khztu; nghUj;jghliltjw;F gpur;rpidahf mikfpd;w FLk;gk; rhu;e;j Vida tpNrl
epiyikfs; gw;wp ehk; ,g;NghJ ftdk; nrYj;JNthk;.

FLk;gj;jpy; xUtNuh gyNuh jpBu; tpgj;jpdhy; kuzkiljy;> fhakile;jpUj;jy;> ePz;l

fhyk; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUj;jy; vd;gdTk; gps;isaplk; cs mOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
,e;epiyikfspdhy; gps;is gpd;dilaTk;> ek;gpf;ifapoe;j xU epiyf;F cs;shfTk;
msTf;F kPwp mr;rkilaTk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,oe;J tpuf;jpaile;j epiyf;F cs;shfTk;
U
,lKz;L. fhag;gLj;Jjy;> nfhiy nra;jy; Kjypa epfo;Tfisf; fz;fshy; fz;l
gps;isfsplk; csr; rkd;ghL fLikahff; Fiwe;J nry;y ,lKz;L. mj;jifa
gps;isfs; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;tijf;$l tpUk;gkhl;lhu;fs;. tw;GWj;jypd; fhuzkhfg;
ghlrhiyf;Fr; nrd;whYk; gps;isf;Ff; fy;tpapy; kdij xUKfg;gLj;JtJ f~;lkhf
O

,Uf;Fk;. gps;is fisg;gile;jpUf;fTk;> mbf;fb ghlj;NjhL njhlu;Gila tplaq;fis

kwf;fTk; ,lKz;L.

FLk;g mq;fj;jtu;fisf; flj;jpr; nry;yy;> nfhiy nra;jy; my;yJ mj;jifa

vjpu;ghuhj tpgj;Jf;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;j gps;isfs; ,ijtpl ePz;lfhy tpisthf
csNeha;f;F MshfTk; ,lKz;L. Mrpupau;f;Fg; gps;isapd; elj;ijapy; ghuJ}ukhd
NtWghl;il mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. kpFe;j ftiyNahL ,Uj;jy;> mbf;fb Nkhrkhd
fdTfisf; fz;L gag;gLjy;> vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifaw;w jd;ik> fisg;gile;j epiy
vd;gd mj;jifa elj;ijfspy; rpythFk;. mj;jifa epiyikapy; jpdKk;
ghlrhiyapy; nra;Ak; Ntiyfisr; rupahfr; nra;jYk; tPl;LNtiyfs;> xg;gilfs;
Mfpatw;iw cupa Kiwapy; G+u;j;jp nra;jYk; gps;isf;Ff; f~;lkhFk;. mj;NjhL
gy;NtW vjpu;ghuhj tpgj;Jf;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;j gps;isf;F jdpahl;fSf;fpilapyhd
njhlu;Gfis tpUk;gpathW itj;jpUj;jYk; f~;lkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

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tho;f;if mOj;jq;fs; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;

tho;f;if mOj;jq;fs; vd;gJ md;whlk; tho;f;if rhu;e;j rpf;fyhd cs> cly;
Kuz;ghLfshFk;. ,f;fUj;ij Kjd;Kjyhf N`hy;k;];> uN` ((Holmes & Rahay)
MfpNahu; Kd;itj;jdu;. mtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F Vw;gj; jdpahsplk; neUf;fpil epiy
tpUj;jpailtjw;Ff; fLikahd cs Ntjid jUk; epfo;T vg;NghJk;
Njitg;gLtjpy;iy. md;whl tho;f;if rhu;e;j epfo;Tfs;$lj; jdpahsplk; mOj;jq;fis
Vw;gLj;jyhk;. cjhuzkhf> xNu re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;s
[fd; mg;gpur;rpidAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l vy;NyhiuAk; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpwhu; vd
itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. ,e;epiy [fDf;Fs; Nkhjiy vw;gLj;Jk; epiyahFk;. mOj;jq;fs;
csj;ijf; fisg;gilar; nra;Ak; xU epiyahFk;. ,e;epiy gps;isapd; rkdhd
mgptpUj;jpapYk; nghUj;jg;ghliltjpYk; ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. mOj;jq;fs;
mftaj; jd;ikAilait. mJ vtupKk; Vw;glyhk;. vdNt xNu tpjkhd NtjidfSf;F

SL
xt;nthU jdpegUk; ntt;NtW tpjkhfj; Jyq;Ftjhy; xUtupd; mOj;jq;fSf;Ff;
fhuzkhf mikAk; fhuzp gpwpnjhUtUf;F mt;thNw mikahJ Nghfyhk;.. mOj;jq;fs;;
cs;sk; rhu;e;J ntspf;fhl;lg;gLtJg; Nghy cly; rhu;e;Jk; ntspf;fhl;lg;gLk;.

tpNrlkhf ,yq;ifia Mjhukhff; nfhz;L khzt khztpfsplk; mOj;jj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfis Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. ,it FLk;gr; #oy; rhu;e;jjhfTk;
ghlrhiyr; #oy; rhu;e;jjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
U
FLk;gr; #oy; rhh;e;j mOj;jq;fs;

ehl;by; epyTk; gztPf;fk; fhuzkhf md;whlk; re;ijtpiy mjpfupj;jy; ,yq;ifapy;

O

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. FLk;g tUkhdk; mjw;Fj; jf;fthW mjpfupf;fhjNghJ FLk;gq;fspd;

mq;fj;jtu;fs; f~;lq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLg;gu;. gps;isAk; ,jdhy; fy;tp Njitfs; rhh;e;j
FiwghLfis vjph;Nehf;f NehpLk;. ,t;thW ngw;Nwhhpd; epjpepiy njhlh;ghf gps;is
csneUf;fpil epiyia vjph;;Nehf;FtJ gps;is nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;F jilahf
mika ,lKz;L.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jilfis vjpu;Nehf;fhj FLk;gr; #oypy; $l rpy FLk;g Kiwikfspy;

epfOk; gof;ftof;fq;fs;> kuGfs;> eilKiwfs; Mfpa fhuzpfs; gps;isapy;
mOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;. cjhuzkhf> tPl;by; md;whl eltbf;iffs; taJ
Kjpu;e;jtu;fspd; tpjpfSf;F Vw;gj; Njitf;fjpfkhf xOq;FKiwahfr; nra;a
Kaw;rpf;Fk;NghJ toq;fg;gLk; jz;lidfs; jilfs; Kjypad gps;isfspd; kd

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mOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; mNjNghd;W je;ijapd; FbNghij fhuzkhfTk; gps;isfSf;F

kdmOj;jk; Vw;glyhk;..

NkYk; jha; je;ijaUf;F ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; tpthfg; gpur;rpidfs;> nrhj;Jg; gpur;rpidfs;

vd;gd mtu;fSf;fpilapy; kl;Lkd;wp gps;isfsplKk; XusTf;F mOj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;
fhuzkhfpd;wd.

ngw;Nwhupd; njhopypd; jd;ikAk; njhopy; rhu;e;j gpur;rpidfSk; gps;is nghUj;jg;ghL

miltjpy; ghjpg;ig vw;gLj;Jk;. md;whlk; rk;ghjpg;gjw;fhf kpfTk; f~;lg;gl;L ciof;Fk;
njhopy;fspy; Nghd;Nw Mgj;jhd epiyikfspd; fPo; njhopy; Gupak; ngw;Nwhu; tPl;Lf;F
tUk;NghJ jkJ njhopYld; njhlu;Gila gpur;rpidfisAk; jk;NkhL nfhz;L te;J rpy
rkaq;fspy; jk; mDgtq;fis; tPl;by; fye;JiuahLtu;. gps;isfs; mj;njhopypy; cs
uPjpahfg; gq;NfwW jk; je;ijapd; my;yJ jhapd; tho;f;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; Mgj;ijg;gw;wp

cs;shf ,lKz;L.
SL
mr;rKk; re;NjfKk; nfhs;tjhy; ,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspy; gps;isfs; mOj;jq;fSf;F

jhd; thOk; #oy; fhuzkhfTk; gps;isaplk; mOj;jq;fs;

gaq;futhjg; gpur;rpid> td;Kiwf; Fk;gy;fspd; mjpfhuk;
thOk; gps;isfs; mbf;fb cs Ntjidfshy; ghjpf;fg;gLtu;.
nfhs;isNeha; Kjypa ,aw;if tpgj;J Vw;gLk; Mgj;jhd
Vw;gl ,lKz;L. Aj;jk;>
nraw;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy;
#whtsp> nts;sg;ngUf;F>
epiygw;wpg; gps;isfspd;
U
cs;sj;jpy; cs mOj;jq;fs; epyTk;.

ghlrhiyr; #oy; neUf;fpilia Vw;gLj;Jkh

O

ghlrhiyr; #oypd; fhuzkhf mOj;jq;fs; Vw;glf;$ba rpy re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,dp

Muhag;gLfpd;wd.
• jhd; ePzl
; fhyk; fw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ghlrhiyia khw;Wjy;.
• jdJ tpUg;gj;Jf;Fupa Mrpupau; NtNwhu; ghlrhiyf;F khwpr;nry;Yjy;.
• ru;thjpfhupahf tFg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Xu; Mrpupaupd; fPo; fw;f NeupLjy;.
• jdJ ey;y ez;gd; ePzl
; fhyj;Jf;F Neahspahjy; my;yJ kuzpj;jy;.
• Kul;Lj;jdkhd elj;ijAila(aggressive behaviour)gps;isfSld; fw;f
NeupLjy;.

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nraw;ghL 03
,yq;ifapd; jpdrupr; nra;jpg;gj;jpupiffspd;gb>
1. gps;isfs; tsUk; #oy; my;yJ ghlrhiyr; #oy; fhuzkhfg; gps;isfsplj;jpy;
mOj;jq;fSfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;ff;$ba epfo;Tfs; Njhd;Wk; Kiw gw;wpa
jfty;fisr; Nrfupf;f.
2. ,j;jfty;fSf;F Vw;gg; ghlrhiy taJ gps;isfsplk; mOj;jq;fisj;
Njhw;Wtpf;f md;whl tho;f;if rhu;e;j epfo;Tfs; vt;thW fhuzkhfpd;wd vd;gJ
gw;wpa tpgunkhd;iw vOJf.

md;whl tho;f;ifNahL xl;ba epfo;Tfs; xU gps;is nghUj;jg;ghL miltjpy;;

f~;lq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy vd ePq;fs; vz;zpf;nfhz;bUg;gPu;fs;. vdpDk; nraw;ghL
03 ,y; <Lgl;l cq;fSf;F ,jidg;gw;wp NkYk; fw;W xU KbTf;F tuj; Njhd;Wk;.

SL
jdpahisg; Nghd;Nw #oYk; vg;NghJk; khw;wj;Jf;Fl;gLfpd;wJ. mk;khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g
,iagilAk; jpwd; gps;isaplKk; tpUj;jpailaNtz;Lk;. vdpDk; vg;NghJk; mt;thNw
eilngWtjpy;iy. gy csepiyikfs; f~;lq;fs; vd;gd gps;isapd; md;whl
nghUj;jg;ghlby;; fLikahd ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; vg;NghJk;
kdjpypUj;jpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
U
gjfspg;G FiwghLfs; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;
gjfspg;G vDk; gjk; xU vspikahd cs Kuz;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;f Muk;gj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhapDk; ,d;W mJ xU fLikahd cs epiyiaf; Fwpf;fg;
O

gad;gLj;jg;;gLfpd;wJ. ftiyiaAk; gaj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;Jk;> ngUk;ghYk;

edtbepiyapy; Njhd;Wk>; rpf;fyhd kdntOr;rp epiyNa gjfspg;G vd ,ij
tpsf;fyhk;.

cs; Kuz;;ghLfs; fhuzkhfNth> ntspthupahd njhy;iy fhuzkhfNth gjfspg;G

Vw;glyhk;. rpf;kd;l; Gnuha;bd;gb gaNk gjfspg;Gf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.
• jdpahspd; md;whl ey;tho;Tf;F xU mr;RWj;jy; epyTjy;
• jdJ ghJfhg;G my;yJ nfsutj;Jf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;Fk; epiy ,Uj;jy;
• jdJ jpwik kl;lj;jpYk; ghu;f;ff; $ba fw;wy; kl;lk; my;yJ elj;ij
kl;lj;ij miltjw;F tw;GWj;jy;
• jhd; md;G nrYj;jpa xUtuplkpUe;J gpupjy;
Nghd;w f~;lq;fSs; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;lit ,e;epiyikf;Ff; fhuzkhfyhk;.

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vdpDk; ,e;epiyapy; gps;isf;F jd; Fog;gq;fisf;Ff; fhuzk; fhl;LtJ my;yJ

f~;lq;fis tpsf;FtJ fbdkhdjhFk;. rpy Ntis jdJ f~;lj;ij kw;wtu;fSf;Fr;
nrhy;Yk; msTf;F xU tpsf;fk; ,y;yhjpUf;fyhk;. ,e;epiyikf;F cs;shfpa egu;fsplk;
xU nghJ elj;ijf; Nfhyj;ijf; fhzKbahJ. tPl;Lf;F ntspNa nry;Yjy; my;yJ
ghlrhiyf;F tUifjuj; jaq;Fjy;> Rw;whlypy; fhzg;gLk; fl;llq;fs;> ghyk; Nghd;w
,lq;fisg; NghyNt kf;fs; elkhl;lKs;s ,lq;fisj; jtpu;f;fg; ghu;j;jy;>
jdpegu;fsplNkh> kf;fSf;F Kd;dhNyh NgrhjpUj;jy;> Rw;whlypYs;s nghUs;fs;>
jdpahl;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; my;yJ rpw;rpy epiyikfSf;F mQ;Rjy; Nghd;w elj;ij
gz;Gfs; rpy gps;isfsplk; gjfspg;G fhuzkhf Vw;glyhk;..

gjfspg;Gf;F cs;shd gps;isfs; jd;dk;gpf;if Fiwe;jtuhfNth> cw;rhfj;Jld;

nraw;gLtjpy; FiwghLilatu;fshfNth ,Ug;gu;. NkYk; euk;Gg;gpzp> kaf;fkiljy;>
Ngr;Rf;FiwghL> ,jaj;Jbg;G mjpfupj;jy;> cly; my;yJ if> fhy; Fspu;e;J Nghjy;>

SL
Ik;Gyd;fs; gytPdkiljy; vd;gd gjfspg;gpd; tpisthf ,Uf;fyhk;.

gjfspg;gpdhy; cs MNuhf;fpak; nfLk;. cs MNuhf;fpak; nfLk;NghJ> fw;wy; ,lh;ghLfs;;

Njhd;Wk;. mNjNghd;W r%f tpUj;jpAk; tPo;rr
; pailAk;. ,jdhy; gjfspg;Gepiy jOtpa
fhuzpfs; nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fj; jilahf mikfpd;wd.
U
clypaw; fhuzpfs;

clypay; tpQ;Qhdf; fhuzpfSk; gps;is nghUj;jg;ghL miltjpy;; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jf;$Lk;.
O

vYk;Gfspd; mikg;Gk; Rug;gpfspd; njhopw;ghLk; kugZf;fhuzpfs;; fhuzkhf

rkd;ghlilahj re;ju;g;gq;fs; cs;sd. mjpfkhff; nfhOj;jpUj;jy; Nghd;w epiyikfs;
gps;isfspd; ehshe;j r%fnraw;ghLfspYk;; rktaJf; FOf;fSld; nraw;gLk;NghJ
f~;lq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. taijtpl Fiwe;j my;yJ $ba cly; tsh;r;rpAk;;
gps;isf;F gpur;rpidfis Njhw;Wtpf;ff;$Lk;.

rpy gps;isfs; fl;bsk; gUtj;jpy; tsh;rr

; prhh; gpur;rpidfis vjph; Nehf;Fth;. cly;
cWg;Gf;fspd;; tsu;r;rpapy; ,j;jifa rkdw;w jd;ik fhzg;gLtJ Fwpj;J ,t;taJg;
gps;isfs; msTf;fjpfk; ftdk; nrYj;Jth;. kw;wtu;fSld; jk;ik xg;gpl;Lg;
ghu;f;Fk;NghJ> mrhjhuzkhd epiy Njhd;Wtjhf fhzg;gbd; jkJ milahd
jdpj;jd;ik(identity) gw;wpr; rhjfkhd kdg;ghq;if cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tjpy; ,th;fSf;F
xU f~;l epiy Njhd;Wk;. Fs;suhapUj;jy; my;yJ jbj;jtuhapUj;jy;> Fuy;tsk;

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gps;is vjpu;ghu;j;j msTf;F ,y;yhjpUj;jy; Nghd;wit Fwpj;J gps;is msTf;fjpfk;

ftiyf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ gps;isf;Ff; fw;gjpy; f~;lKk; jdpegu;fSf;fpilapy;
njhlu;igf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; f~;lKk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J gps;isapd; rkdhd
MSik tsu;r;rpapd;kPJ clypay; tpQ;Qhdf; fhuzpfSk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd
vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

rhuhk;rk;
nghUj;jg;ghliltjpy; gy fhuzpfs; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. edtpyp epiyf;
fhuzpfs;> FLk;gk; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;> tho;f;if mKj;jq;fs; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs;>
gjfspg;Gj; jOtpa fhuzpfs;;> kw;Wk; clypay; rhu;e;j fhuzpfs; ,tw;Ws;
Kf;fpakhditahFk;. ,tw;Wf;fpilapy; kpf neUq;fpa njhlu;G epyTfpd;wJ vd;gJ
njspthfpAs;sJ. nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fj; jilahf mikAk;

SL
edtpypepiyf; fhuzpfs; FLk;gr; #oy; rhu;e;j fhuzpfspy; ,Ue;Nj Njhd;Wfpd;wdthf
,Uf;fyhk;. mNjNghd;W tho;f;if mOj;jq;fs;> FLk;gr; #oy; %ykhf my;yJ mjw;Fg;
Gwk;ghd fhuzpfspd; %ykhf Vw;glyhk;. gjfspg;G> edtpypepiyf; fhuzpahy; my;yJ
NtW ntspf; fhuzpahy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; f~;lj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; ,f;fhuzpfs;

gw;wpg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tpsf;fk; nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikia cUthf;fpf;nfhs;tjw;F
U
cjTtij ,yFthf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJ cq;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gLk;.

ghlrhiy topfhl;ly; MNyhridr; Nrit nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikia

cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s cjTfpd;wJ. MfNt ghlrhiy topfhl;lYk; MNyhridAk; gw;wpg;
gaDs;s jfty;fs; mLj;JtUk; mku;tpy; rku;g;gpf;fg;gLk;.
O

Rakjpg;gPL
1. (i) cq;fs; ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp gapYfpd;w nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikia
cUthf;fpf;nfhs;sf; f~;lg;gLk; xU khztidj; Nju;e;njLf;fTk;.
(ii) mg;gps;isiag;gw;wp Muha;e;J mtuJ me;jj; jilf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j
VJf;fisr; Nrfupf;fTk;.
(iii) ePq;fs; Ma;T nra;j gps;is Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; f~;lq;fs; kPJ jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;J rku;g;gpAq;fs;.
2. nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; f~;lg;gLk; gps;isfs;
ntspf;fhl;Lk; elj;ijg; gz;Gfis cjhuzk; je;J tpsf;Ff.
fw;wy; tpisTfs;

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,t;tku;tpidf; fw;W Kbj;j cq;fSf;F>

1. nghUj;jg;ghlhd MSikiaf; fl;bnaOg;GtjpYs;s jilfis tpsf;Ftjw;Fk;
2. me;jj; jilia Vw;gLj;Jk; gy;NtW epiyikfSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s njhlu;ig
Muha;tjw;Fk;
3. MSik nghUj;jg;ghl;il mila ,lh;gLtJld; njhlhGila elj;ijg;
gz;Gfis ,dq;fhzTk;
cq;fSf;F ,aYkhf ,Uf;Fnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
Rogers C. R. (1961), On becoming a person, London, Canlable, 1961
Dr. Jones Anne, Councelling Addscents, School & after – Koge Page 1 – 1984
Koltar Jaffrey e Kollter Ellen – Teacher a Counceller, Corwin Press 19---

SL
U
O

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