ENHANCING WASTE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY: UTILIZING RECYCLABLE

WATER BOTTLES AS AN INNOVATIVE AUTOMATIC WASTE BIN WITH

DISINFECTANT

A Study Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department of

Philippine Women’s College of Davao
Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 2
STEM - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

BY

Berganio, John Christian I.

Doyo, Althea C.
Langcay, Allyssa Kellyn Lou L.
Ojena, Elaika Kae M.
Rejas, Achilles Scad N.

APRIL 2024
 Philippine Women’s College of Davao

University Avenue, Juna Subdivision, Matina, Davao City

Senior High School Department

APPROVAL SHEET

This research paper entitled “ENHANCING WASTE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY:

UTILIZING RECYCLABLE WATER BOTTLES AS AN INNOVATIVE AUTOMATIC
WASTE BIN WITH DISINFECTANT” prepared and submitted Allyssa Kellyn Lou L.
Langcay, Althea C. Doyo, Elaika Kae M. Ojena, John Christian I. Berganio, and Achilles
Scad N. Rejas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Reseach 2
in Senior High School, is hereby recommended for Oral Examination.

MS. CARMILLE FAITH A. CAJIPO, LPT

Research Teacher

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of _________

Mr. Peter Paul S. Sigue, LPT

Chairperson

Ms. Rosemarie S. Landero, LPT Mr. Lucas Arjan Dayle M. Barrida, LPT
Member Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical
Research 2 in Senior High School.

PWC OF DAVAO MS. MA. ELENA O. LICCO

Date of Oral Examination April 2024 Senior High School Principal
Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude for all the

guidance, help, and encouragement of the following people:

To Ms. Carmille Faith A. Cajipo, the researcher's adviser, for her

unwavering advice, support, and compassion in dedicating her time and

knowledge, as well as offering numerous recommendations for the concept of this

study, she is greatly appreciated.

To Mr. Lucas Arjan Dayle Barida, the researchers express their heartfelt

gratitude for being our research adviser, whose invaluable contributions

significantly enriched the quality and depth of the research.

To Mr. Jomar Bernacer and Mr. Marc RB Ducut, statistician assisting the

researchers demonstrated generosity by offering time and expertise to resolve

numerical data, along with providing valuable suggestions for the study.

To Mr. Gerald Nazareno, the class adviser of Grade 12 Competence who

is always supporting the researchers and giving inspiring messages that boost the

confidence of the researchers.

To Administration, who facilitated the collection of necessary materials for

the study, is acknowledged with gratitude.

i
 To G12 Competence, who aided in the completion of this study are gratefully

acknowledged for their invaluable assistance and dedication. Their involvement

played a crucial role in achieving the study's objectives.

To Mr. Jan Rey P.Godelosao, The ICT friend guidance was invaluable

to the study's progress and success. He’s support is greatly appreciated.

To the researcher’s family, Langcay, Ojena, Rejas, Berganio and Doyo

families are deeply appreciated for their enduring love and unwavering support

across financial, physical, emotional, and spiritual realms, as well as for the

invaluable advice extended to the researchers.

The most significant contributor to this study is the Almighty Father, Lord

Jesus Christ, for His protection and guidance, the knowledge and insight He has

bestowed upon the researchers, their family, friends, and the wonderful adviser

and panel of examiners He has selected to accompany them, as well as for the

countless blessings the researchers have received.

Researchers

ii
 Abstract

This study aims to assess the notable distinction between a recyclable water bottle

used in an innovative automatic trash bin and a conventional trash bin. Employing an

experimental research design, particularly through comparative analysis, the researchers

sought to delineate the differences and similarities in durability, longevity, and utility

between the two variables. Prior to conducting any comparisons, the researchers were

required to construct the trash bin using recyclable water bottles.

3
 Table of Contents

Page

TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................................ ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... ………….. ………v

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….vi

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction ..................................................................................................

Statement of the Problem ............................................................................

Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................

Hypothesis ..................................................................................................

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

AND STUDIES

Related Literature ........................................................................................

Foreign Studies ............................................................................................

Local Studies ...............................................................................................

Conceptual Framework ................................................................................

Significance of the Study .............................................................................

Definition of Terms .......................................................................................

4
 III METHODOLOGY

Research Design .........................................................................................

Research Setting .........................................................................................

Research Subject ........................................................................................

Measurements .............................................................................................

Research Procedure ....................................................................................

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ................................

V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary .....................................................................................................

Findings .......................................................................................................

Conclusion ...................................................................................................

Recommendation .........................................................................................

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................

APPENDICES

A Scale…………………………………………………………………….

B Letter of Permission .....................................................................................

C Clearance from the Statistician ...................................................................

DOCUMENTATIONS

CURRICULUM VITAE

5
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Waste management is a pressing concern in today's world, with the imperative

goal of minimizing waste destined for landfills and promoting responsible and sustainable

waste handling practices. This study addresses the critical need for enhanced waste

management practices and efficient waste segregation. It also seeks to tackle challenges

associated with waste disposal, recycling, and the maintenance of cleanliness and

hygiene in waste collection systems.

Global waste management confronts a multitude of challenges stemming from

increasing waste production due to population growth, insufficient infrastructure for waste

collection and disposal, environmental and health hazards resulting from improper

disposal methods, and the complexity of managing electronic waste and plastics in

recycling. Low recycling rates persist due to the lack of facilities and public awareness,

while hazardous waste management remains inadequate. Limited landfill space and the

environmental impact of waste management practices further compound these issues.

Waste management also contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas

emissions. Addressing these challenges demands investments in infrastructure,

innovative technologies, public awareness, and international cooperation to promote

sustainable waste management.

6
 In the Philippines, the volume of waste continues to grow, with persistent issues in

the nation's solid waste management system, including an increase in solid waste

volume, weak law enforcement, insufficient hygienic landfills, and improper disposal

practices. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, or RA 9003, stands as

the primary approach employed in the country, emphasizing waste segregation, efficient

disposal, and diversion strategies. The importance of envisioning a Philippines free of

waste and inspiring active public participation and awareness is underscored (Coracero,

2021).

The dilemma of excess waste plagues Brgy. Davao City, where the sanitary landfill

is overflowing. In response, the Davao City Government is proposing a P 2.5 billion waste-

to-energy (WTE) facility on a 10-hectare agricultural property in Biao Escuela, Tugbok

District, to address the accumulating million tons of non-biodegradable waste since 2016.

The initiative aims to convert non-biodegradable waste into electricity, presenting itself as

a "long-term" solution. However, environmental concerns linger as the burning of plastics

may exacerbate the climate crisis. This action is in conflict with national laws such as the

Clean Air Act (RA 8749), the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003), and

the Renewable Energy Act (RA 9513), which defines renewable energy resources but

excludes non-recyclable and non-biodegradable waste (Cortez, 2023).

Recent studies reveal research gaps in waste management innovation, including

evaluating disinfectant system effectiveness, exploring recycled materials' technical,

economic, and environmental aspects, and assessing environmental impact.

7
Understanding public acceptance and economic feasibility of innovative bins is crucial for

successful innovation. (Kumar, 2019)

In the course of this study, numerous practical implications have surfaced, holding

immense potential to benefit the environment and society at large. Repurposing

recyclable water bottles as integral components of automatic trash bins with built-in

disinfectant systems can significantly enhance waste management practices. This

innovation offers practical implementations that address the escalating waste crisis by

making waste disposal more efficient and convenient, thereby contributing to a cleaner

environment.

The study focuses on using recyclable water bottles in automatic trash bins with

integrated disinfectant systems to revolutionize waste management. This approach

improves public health, especially in crowded areas, by enhancing sanitation and

reducing disease transmission. It also promotes environmental sustainability by

repurposing plastic waste, reducing pollution, and encouraging responsible recycling

practices. This innovative, cost-effective solution tackles global waste generation and

environmental challenges, offering a valuable contribution to waste management and

sustainability.

8
Statement of the Problem

This research aims to enhance waste disposal efficiency, promote cleanliness, and

reduce the risk of disease transmission in public spaces, ultimately contributing to

improved waste management practices and healthier living environments. Specifically, it

intends to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of efficacy in enhancing waste management using automatic

waste bin in terms of:

1.1 Load bearing

1.2 Longevity

2. What is the level of performance of automated waste bin and traditional waste

bin in terms of its conventional usage?

2.1. Usability

2.2. Conviniency

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of recyclable efficacy and

level of performance of recyclable innovative waste bin?

9
Hypothesis

The study was guided by the null hypothesis tested 0.05 level of significance.

𝐻0 ; there is no significant relationship between the level of recyclable efficacy and level

of performance of recyclable innovative waste bin.

Scope and Delimitations

This study aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing an

automatic waste bin with disinfectant capabilities in controlled environments. It will use

controlled laboratory experiments and simulated real-world scenarios to assess its

functionality and performance. However, it is essential to recognize that the study will not

address broader societal, logistical, or community-specific factors related to the

deployment and maintenance of these waste bins on a large scale.

The researchers aim to enhance the waste disposal efficiency and environmental

cleanliness. With this study by using the plastic bottles as a automatic waste bin it can

help the environment to reduce the production of plastic. The duration of this study will be

conducted in the second semester of the school year 2023-2024.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing

methodologies, challenges, and advancements in sensor duration assessment and

enhancement for optimizing sensor performance for reliable data collection.

10
 Waste Management Challenges and Innovations:

Several studies have highlighted the ongoing challenges in waste

management, including increasing waste production due to population growth,

inadequate infrastructure, and environmental and health risks from improper waste

disposal (Wilson et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2022). These challenges have driven

innovations in waste management, such as smart waste bins and sensor-based

systems (Migliore et al., 2020). However, there is limited research on the

integration of disinfectant features and the use of recyclable materials in waste bins,

which underscores the need for this experimental study.

Education and Awareness

Southeast Asian archipelago nation is called the Philippines. Due to its big

and youthful population, growing middle class, and increasing urbanization, it has a

dynamic and quick-growing economy (World Bank , 2020). Concerns about waste

management in the Philippines include improper waste disposal, ineffective waste

collection, and a lack of disposal facilities. In addition, poor waste management may result

in health risks for locals, environmental issues like water and soil contamination, air

pollution, and flooding, as well as other socio-economic issues (Matunog & Awa 2013;

Senate Economic Planning Office, 2017). (Bagui & Padua, 2019)state that it is now crucial

to educate people about proper handling of created waste through information

distribution. By throwing our garbage’s properly we can influence other people especially

young generation.

11
 Recycling and Reuse of Plastic Bottles

A significant body of literature has explored recycling and repurposing of

plastic bottles. Researchers have investigated the mechanical properties of recycled

plastics (Bryden et al., 2019 )and the environmental benefits of reusing plastic containers

(Azimi et al., 2018 ). These studies provide insights into the sustainability of using

recyclable water bottles as a component in waste bins, supporting the eco-friendly aspect

of the proposed innovation. Despite efforts in Davao region to enhance and safeguard

the environment and natural resources, environmentally sound disposal methods remain

elusive. Numerous environmental management concerns persist. Efficient waste

management involves segregation, reducing waste, and recycling recyclables. Individuals

should increase awareness and creativity to find ways to reuse and recycle items like

plastic bottles and food packaging. This can greatly decrease daily waste production,

reducing pollution, environmental problems, and the spread of diseases.

Waste Prevention

The 3R initiative, which stands for reduce, reuse, and recycle, is actively

promoted to establish a sustainable society focused on efficient resource utilization.

According to (Fewtrell et al., 2016 ) is initiative not only contributes to environmental

preservation but also stimulates economic growth. Globally, it's widely recognized that 3R

efforts play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This has prompted

discussions on achieving sustainable resource use and fostering economic structures that

enhance resource circulation.

12
 Health and Hygiene

In the Philippines, inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene

(WASH) services is a significant public health concern. According to Fewtrell et al., 2016

The Fit for School organization is enhancing its school-based handwashing program by

adding sanitation components. This study aimed to understand the impact of WASH

practices on childhood diarrhea and explore factors influencing defecation and anal

cleansing practices in Northern Mindanao. Quantitative analysis found no significant

effect of WASH practices on diarrhea. This study reveals that practices are influenced by

lack of clean facilities and personal habits, with water being the preferred material for

cleansing.

Preserving Ecosystem

The study explores methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems in the Philippines to combat global

climate change. It emphasizes the importance of recycling and composting initiatives at

the village level for waste diversion and managing plastic waste through specific

treatment options. The research addresses trade-offs between sorting operations and

managing incinerated waste to extend landfill life and minimize emissions. By integrating

various treatment and disposal options based on waste separation and local demand for

outputs, the study provides insights for sustainable MSWM practices in the Philippines

(Kristin et al, , 2022)

13
Conceptual Framework

This study is all about enhancing waste management efficiency: utilizing recyclable

water bottles as an innovative automatic trash bin with disinfectant to make our life easier

in terms of throwing our garbage’s.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Level of efficacy in enhancing Level of performance of
waste management using automated waste bin and
automatic waste bin traditional waste bin in terms of
its conventional usage

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study showing variables involved.

Outlined in Figure 1, this study focuses on the independent variable, which

involves repurposing recyclable water bottles into an automatic waste bin that will

determine the level of efficacy in terms of the maximum load bearing capacity and the

longevity of the substitute power supply which is the 9v battery. On the other hand, the

dependent variables are the level of performance of the automated waste bin and

traditional waste bin.

14
Significance of the Study

Students - This study may help them comprehend the significance of enhancing

waste management. It also inspires them that recyclable materials can be very beneficial

in our lives because they can be used to construct a variety of goods, including school

projects and everyday items like flowerpots and trashcans.

People - The researchers conducted this study for the country to have a bright

future. Reducing recyclable materials by creating a segregation bin and dispersing them

not only helps clean the surroundings but also helps the environment from pollution or

contamination, as this can cause viruses and diseases that is very harmful for people's

health.

Sanitation Workers - This study would be a great help to them. Especially that,

there are a bunch of people who just throw their garbage everywhere. Dispersing of

segregation bins in every place and encouraging people to throw their trash in the correct

way would help the sanitation workers to do their job easily. This study also helps them

have enough time to spend with their family;

Future Researchers. They may gain knowledge from this

study and use it to inform their own research in a similar field. They might also use this

study as a guideline for other studies they conduct in the future, with the aim of expanding

upon it and making a more substantial contribution to it.

15
Definition of Terms

Waste management. Conceptually, refers to the various schemes to manage and

dispose of wastes. It can be by discarding, destroying, processing, recycling, reusing, or

controlling wastes (Learn Biology Online). Operationally, is the act of sanitation workers

gathering and getting rid of trash or students collecting recyclable materials for making

school projects.

Automatic Bin. Conceptually, automatic bins offer convenient and hygienic waste

disposal, they are more hygienic and convenient than other types of waste bins as you

do not have to touch any part of the bin directly to dispose of rubbish. This avoids any

contamination and helps to keep your surrounding more germ-free (Taps UK).

Operationally, automatic bin works by detecting movements of a person.

Disinfectant. Conceptually, an agent (as a chemical or ultraviolet light) that

destroys, inactivates, or significantly reduces the concentration of pathogens (as bacteria,

viruses, and fungi) especially on hard surfaces and in water (Merriam Webster

Dictionary). Operationally, many people use this item to clean their hands after touching

disposable materials.

Loadbearing. Conceptually, loadbearing refers to a structure's ability to support

weight. Operationally, it is about a wall or structure bearing a load. (Merriam-Webster

Dictionary).

Longevity. Conceptually, loadbearing refers to a structure's ability to support

weight. Operationally, it is about a wall or structure bearing a load. (Cambridge Dictionary)

16
 Usability. Conceptually, usability is how easy it is to use something. Operationally,

it's measured by how intuitive and efficient it is.(Meriam- Webster Dictionary).

Conveniency. Conceptually, convenience is the quality of being easy or suitable.

Operationally, it refers to the straightforwardness of accessing services or processes.

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary.)

17
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employs an experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of an

automatic waste bin with disinfectant, made from Recyclable Water Bottles, compared to

traditional bins in a school setting. Grounded in Campbell and Stanley's (1963, p. 171)

definition of experimental research, the study explores variables like durability and health

impact, emphasizing the unique feature of the innovative bin that allows unrestricted

handling and opening. With a focus on waste management, the research advocates for

replacing traditional bins with the recyclable water bottle-based innovation to reduce

material extraction from natural resources and align with sustainability goals. Ultimately,

the study aims to reveal disparities between waste bin types and contribute insights to

responsible waste disposal practices and environmental conservation in educational

settings.

Setting

The researchers will conduct the experiment at the Philippine Women’s College of

Davao, which serve as a convenient location for them to gather data efficiently for study.

18
 Subject

The subject of this study will be the plastic bottle and the sensor. The plastic bottle

will be collected from the drop box of plastics where all the people used to drink from it. It

will also be displayed in a certain area and gathered in the location where the expiration

will be done to make a bin. The sensor will be bought online and will be connected to the

Arduino board that has Python coding so that the waste bin can be monitored when it

opens or closes. In short, the bin will be one of the innovative experiments that will be

created. Through a comprehensive analysis of waste disposal efficiency, user

interactions, and sanitation levels, the research seeks to provide valuable insights into

the potential of this eco-friendly and technologically enhanced waste management

solution. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more sustainable and

efficient waste management strategies, addressing contemporary challenges in urban

environments.

Measurements

The researchers will acquire the data through multifaced approach, observations

and precise measurements to comprehensively study waste management in a school

setting. Within the months that is given for the testing phase experiment, actively

deploying the innovative waste bin with a disinfectant mechanism every school day from

8am to 5pm weekly assessments track the developmental trajectory, measuring key

performance indicates like waste sorting efficiency and disinfectant effectiveness.

19
RESEARCH PROCEDURE

I. Request approval

The researchers will seek approval to carry out the experiment in the Langcay

home, Dahlia Street, Sabroso Village, Ecoland, Davao City. Obtaining permission to

observe the test subjects. Additionally, the Research Adviser will be kept informed about

the observations made at regular intervals during the study.

II. Preparation of the Experiment

1). Procurement of recyclable plastic bottles

The researchers will gather recyclable water bottles both from the exterior and

interior of the school, distinguishing between the bottle and the cap during the

collection process.

2). Material Selection and Testing

Examine the viability of repurposing recyclable water bottles to serve as

integral components in the envisioned automatic waste bins. Assess the durability,

longevity of employing these materials for enduring waste management solutions

over the long term.

3.) Acquisition of specific type of sensor

The acquisition of sensor specifically ultrasonic sensor for detecting wide

variety of things. 2 ultrasonic sensors will be provided and each sensor has a 5v

battery power need.

4.) Battery as a power supply for the adruino uno and sensor

The 9v battery will be the substitute power supply for the automated waste bin.

20
 5.) Power Cable that has 12v

The main power supply of the innovative recyclable waste bin with the use of

the resistors it can help resist the flow of the extra energy in the power that is only

needed.

III. Identifying the different types of the plastic bottles

The researchers identify different types of plastic bottles, such as PET, HDPE, and

PP, to achieve the desired durability for the innovative recyclable waste bin.

IV. Melting the caps of the plastic bottle

The researchers used a heat press machine with a Teflon sheet made of

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to prevent plastic caps from sticking. They placed the

caps on the Teflon sheet and melted them using the heat press.

V. Quenching the caps

To obtain the rapid cooling of the caps that is being melt, quenching it is the best

way to use to have a solid panel that will be use in assembling the recyclable waste

bin.

VI. Melting the plastic bottle

The researches used a metal container and placed the plastic bottles inside the

container where the plastic bottles starts to melts.

VII. Let the melted plastic bottles cool

The melted plastic bottles cool quickly when exposed to air.

21
VIII. Assembling the panels of innovative recyclable waste bin

The researchers used panels made from recycled plastic bottles, attaching them

according to size by melting the edges and quenching them to join the sides.

IX. Polishing the innovative recyclable waste bin

It is important to polish the innovative recyclable waste bin by sanding it before

painting and installing the Arduino Uno, sensor, and battery.

X. Assembling the Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor and 9v Battery

The Arduino Uno controls the automatic waste bin by processing data from the

ultrasonic sensor, which detects objects from a distance and automatically opens the bin

to receive waste. The 9V battery powers the Arduino and sensor, enabling the system to

function independently.

XI. Assembling the Automatic Alcohol Dispenser

The automatic alcohol dispenser in the innovative recyclable waste bin provides

users with a convenient way to sanitize their hands after disposing of waste, promoting

hygiene and cleanliness.

22
Schematic Diagram

Figure 2. The Schematic Diagram showing the step-by-step procedures of the

whole study

As shown in Figure 2, waste bins are tested for both the amount of waste they can

carry and their level of hygiene. However, only Waste Bin A is automatic and has

disinfectant. The researchers will check the waste bins every week interval.

23
 Chapter III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter includes the presentation, analysis and data interpretation of the

recyclable water bottles as an Innovative Automatic Waste Bin with Disinfectant.

TABLE 1. Rating for Loadbearing Capacity

INDICATOR INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

1 Very Low Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 3000g - 6000g

2 Low Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 6001g- 9000g

3 Moderate Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 9001g - 12000g

4 High Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 12001g – 15000g

5 Very High Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 15001 – 18000g

This table is adaptive from (Daniel Kyne, 2021)

TABLE 2. Trials Loadbearing Capacity of Innovative Waste Bin

24
 The researchers conducted four trials to determine the load bearing capacity of the

waste bin. They gradually added items to the bin in each trial until it broke. The results

showed that the bin's capacity varied across trials:

- T1: 11.9 kg, moderate load bearing capacity (rating of 3).

- T2: 13.7 kg, high load bearing capacity (rating of 4).

- T3: 12.6 kg, high load bearing capacity (rating of 4).

- T4: 17.5 kg, very high load bearing capacity (rating of 5).

- T5: 16.7 kg, very high load bearing capacity (rating of 5).

The average rating across the trials was 4.2, indicating a high load bearing capacity

overall.

The implementation of high-tech bins significantly influenced people's inclination

towards proper trash disposal. The presence of unique designs and diverse functions. in

these bins fostered a greater community interest in disposing of trash. Their research

emphasizes the critical importance of intelligent trash bin design in not only boosting

public engagement with waste management but also in paving the way for a more

sustainable future in waste disposal practices. (Jun-Ho Huh, Choi Jaehyeon, Kyungryong

Seo, 2021)

25
 TABLE 3. Rating for Longevity of the 9V Battery
INDICATOR INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

1 Very Low Longevity Lasts less than 24 hours

2 Low Longevity Lasts about 25-48 hours

3 Moderate Longevity Lasts about 49-72 hours

4 High Longevity Lasts about 73- 94 hours

5 Very High Longevity Lasts 95- 104 hours

Malathy, N., Kaviyaadharshani, D., & Ashifa, S. (2022). Smart trash bin level monitoring

system. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 5799–5820.

TABLE 4. Longevity of the 9V Battery Automatic Waste Bin with Disinfectant

NO. OF TRIALS LONGEVITY OF THE BATTERY RATING INTERPRETATION

T1 6 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T2 4 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T3 5 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T4 7 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T5 9 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

MEAN: 1 Very Low Longevity

Researchers observed a waste bin's operational hours over three days and found

the battery lifespan varied, with a shorter duration on Day 2 due to higher waste volume.

This highlights the need for better battery technology. Advancements are expected to

improve longevity for sustainable energy storage.

26
 TABLE 5. Survey Questionnaires for the level of performance utilization of

automated waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of its usability and

conviniency usage.

Usability Testing Essentials (Second Edition)” Carol M. Barnum, 2021. Adapted from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/usability-questionnaire

“USE Questionnaire: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use.” Lund, A.M.

(2001)Garyperlman.com, 2019,

Adapted from garyperlman.com/quest/quest.cgi?form=USE.

27
 The researchers conducted a study using five survey questionnaires to assess the

usability and convenience of an automatic bin with disinfectant. The survey involved 5

respondents, who provided ratings on a Likert scale. Each questionnaire received

individual ratings from the respondents. The researchers calculated a total rating by

summing up the respondents' scores for each questionnaire, and a mean rating by

averaging these total scores. The overall mean rating for usability was found to be 4.76

while for convenience, it was 4.72.

In conclusion, the researchers conducted four trials to test a waste bin made from

recyclable plastic bottles with disinfectant, which had a weight capacity of 17.5 kg. The

bin encouraged proper trash disposal and community interest. Battery lifespan varied with

usage, with shorter operation on Day 2 due to higher disposal rates. The study

underscores the importance of smart bin design for sustainable waste practices and

public engagement.

Environmentally friendly waste management practices and effective trash

separation can lessen harmful effects on the environment and public health. The creation

of the Smart Trash Can aims to raise public awareness and understanding of ecologically

responsible garbage management as an endeavor to promote the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) global action plan. The purpose of the Smart Trash Can's

hand sanitizing function and organic, inorganic, and metal waste detectors is to make

after throwing out their trash, users are more concerned about cleanliness (Rizki

Maharani Aqilah1, Azzati Sahirah, Elfahmi Rahma Fariza, 2021).

28
29
 Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter discusses with the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the

study.

Summary

With this research study, the pressing need for improved waste management

practices, focusing on minimizing waste sent to landfills and promoting sustainable

handling methods. It discusses global challenges such as increased waste production,

insufficient infrastructure, and low recycling rates. The Philippines faces similar issues

with rising solid waste volumes and inadequate landfills. In Davao City, excess waste has

led to an overflowing landfill, prompting proposals for a waste-to-energy facility that raises

environmental concerns.

The study proposes innovative solutions, including using recyclable water bottles

in automatic trash bins with integrated disinfectant systems. These bins can improve

public health by enhancing sanitation and reducing disease transmission risks. This

approach aims to revolutionize waste management by offering a sustainable, cost-

effective solution that promotes responsible recycling practices and helps address global

waste generation challenges.

30
 Here are the following questions to determine the loadbearing and longevity of the

battery as a part of the innovative waste bin.

1. What is the level of efficacy in enhancing waste management using

automatic waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of the following?

1.1. Load Bearing

1.2. Longevity

2. What is the level of performance utilization of automated waste bin and

traditional waste bin in terms of its conventional usage?

2.1. Usability

2.2. Conveniency

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of recyclable efficacy

and level of performance of recyclable innovative waste bin?

Researchers conducted an experiment in Davao City to create an innovative

recyclable waste bin. They sought approval for the experiment and provided regular

updates to their research adviser. The preparation involved gathering and processing

recyclable water bottles, melting plastic caps and bottles, and quenching them to create

panels for the waste bin. They then polished the bin, assembled it with an Arduino Uno,

an ultrasonic sensor, and a 9V battery to control the automatic functions. The study

included adding an automatic alcohol dispenser to promote hygiene after waste disposal.

By using sustainable and recycled materials, the research aimed to improve waste

management practices and promote cleanliness.

31
 The treatments were tested through 3 protocols; first, the loadbearing of

the innovative recyclable waste bin was tested; second, the longevity of the 9v battery as

a substitute power supply, and lastly the level of performance or satisfaction was tested

through conducting survey in terms of the usability and conveniency.

Findings

Based on the gathered data and results of the study, the following findings were:

1. In testing its loadbearing, T1 has a scale of 3 which means it has moderate load

bearing capacity because the trash breaks in 9001g-12000g, then in T2 and T3

has the scale of 4 which means it has high load bearing capacity because the trash

breaks in 12001g-15000g, then in T4 and T5 has the scale of 5 which means it has

very high bearing capacity because the trash breaks in 15001-1800g.

2. In testing its longevity, T1 was rated at a scale of 1, indicating very low longevity

as the sensor had a battery lifespan of 6 hours and 15 minutes. Similarly, T2 also

received a scale of 1 due to its low longevity with a sensor battery lifespan of 4

hours and 43 minutes. T3, T4, and T5 had battery lifespans of 5, 7, and 9 hours

respectively, and were all rated at a scale of 1 for low longevity. T2 had the lowest

longevity as it was used frequently, causing the battery to drain quickly.

3. In terms of level of recyclable efficacy and level of performance of recyclable

innovative waste bin, there is no significant difference between automatic waste

bin and traditional waste bin therefore accepting the null hypothesis.

32
 4.In terms of usability, suggest a generally high level of satisfaction. Indicates that

the design and functionality of the bin likely meet user expectations, contributing

to a positive user experience.

5.In terms of conveniency, suggest that users perceive the bin to be convenient to

use.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The Innovative trash bin design improved from T1 to T4, it could handle heavier

loads. Using recyclable water bottles in the bin's construction made it stronger and

more durable.

3. The longevity of the innovative recyclable waste bin doesn't last long, with each

version having a short battery life. It needs improvement to make sure the sensor

lasts longer and the bin works reliably.

4. The innovative recyclable waste bin's design and features align with user

expectations, providing a positive user experience. Its user-friendly design and

operational capabilities contribute to user satisfaction during use.

5. Users find the bin convenient to use, suggesting that the bin's design make

waste disposal easier and more efficient, leading to increased user satisfaction.

This suggests that the bin's user-friendly design helps people dispose of waste

more easily

33
Recommendation

The researchers recommended T4 as a viable option for an innovative waste bin. It

demonstrates superior capability in handling heavier loads compared to alternative bins

tested. As such, it is recommended to further explore and develop the T4 as the

foundational design for future waste bin prototypes.

1. To the readers, it is important to continue exploring alternative methods

for creating efficient and aesthetically pleasing waste bins using recyclable plastic

bottles and cups. This study can serve as a guide and inspiration for achieving

greater success in waste management innovation.

2. Students, be a role models for the students, especially in caring for the

environment and avoiding pollution with the proper use of the innovative recyclable

waste bin.

3. Government, must raise awareness about effective waste management,

including proper separation and holding plastic producers accountable for

financing collection, sorting, and recycling.

4. To future researchers, it is essential to further enhance this study and explore

better ideas to improve waste bin production. By building upon the findings and

methodologies as one it can develop novel approaches that harness the potential

of recycled materials to address the challenges of waste disposal.

34
References
Azimi et al. (2018 ). Retrieved from Open Library :
https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/undergraduateresearch/18861/items/1.0398
377

Bagui & Padua. (2019). Retrieved from Aquademia: https://www.aquademia-journal.com/article/solid-

waste-management-awareness-and-practices-among-senior-high-school-students-in-a-state-
college-9579

Brown, S. a. (2017, January). Retrieved from ResearchGate:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230207603_Handbook_of_Research_Methods_in_E
xperimental_Psychology

Bryden et al. (2019 ). Retrieved from ScienceDirect :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378382018318174

Coracero, E. (2021, December ). A Long-Standing Problem: A Review on the Solid Waste Management in
the Philippines. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357392729_A_Long-
Standing_Problem_A_Review_on_the_Solid_Waste_Management_in_the_Philippines

Cortez, K. M. (2023, january 21). Retrieved from Davaotoday:

https://davaotoday.com/environment/four-environment-concerns-to-look-out-in-davao-2023/

Daniel Kyne. (2021, March 17). Chrome. Retrieved from OpinionX: https://www.opinionx.co/research-
method-guides/maxdiff-analysis

ELCAP Power. (2023, May 12). An elaborative study on the longevity of grid storage batteries. Retrieved
from linkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/elaborative-study-longevity-grid-storage-
batteries-elcappower

Fewtrell et al. (2016 ). Retrieved from World Environment:

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84246742/showpaperpdf-
libre.pdf?1650096837=&response-content-
disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DAssessing_the_Fertilizer_Utilization_Pot.pdf&Expires=1699
228826&Signature=cUV5UK3BnB7l4EHDV3irNQIzGKbFtzLQRIeqqb71bMyPQAhlt

Jun-Ho Huh, Choi Jaehyeon, Kyungryong Seo. (2021, May 21). Retrieved from MDPI:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-
3417/11/11/4810?fbclid=IwAR056WSCQo9TzgkdIHMMhKqUigNSElgltC_eIQgrPLuoN_dsMe9tNb
SfDWU

Jun-Ho Huh, Jae-Hyeon Choi, Kyungryong Seo. (2021, May 24). Retrieved from MDPI:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-
3417/11/11/4810?fbclid=IwAR056WSCQo9TzgkdIHMMhKqUigNSElgltC_eIQgrPLuoN_dsMe9tNb
SfDWU
35
Kristin et al, . (2022, Febraury 15). Retrieved from MDPI :
IwAR1FrQcAlR9MTAIwBl3gRo631a13ku5p_EiaDZGda5uke9HXoU68mTuj7D4

Kumar, R. (2019, November 5). Retrieved from Scientfic Research :

https://www.scirp.org/(S(czeh2tfqw2orz553k1w0r45))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?refere
nceid=3103710

Matunog & Awa 2013; Senate Economic Planning Office. (2017). Retrieved from aquademia :
https://www.aquademia-journal.com/article/solid-waste-management-awareness-and-
practices-among-senior-high-school-students-in-a-state-college-9579

Migliore et al. (2020, June 4). Retrieved from Springer Link :

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-020-04637-w

Rizki Maharani Aqilah1, Azzati Sahirah, Elfahmi Rahma Fariza. (2021). Chrome. Retrieved from Atlantis
Press: file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/125966891%20(1).pdf

Wil. (n.d.).

Wilson . (n.d.).

Wilson et al., 2018; Zhang et al. (2022, Febraury). Retrieved from ScienceDirect:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653521028757

World Bank . (2020). Retrieved from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26978869

36
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

TABLE 1. Rating for Loadbearing Capacity

INDICATOR INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

1 Very Low Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 3000g - 6000g

2 Low Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 6001g- 9000g

3 Moderate Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 9001g - 12000g

4 High Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 12001g – 15000g

5 Very High Loadbearing Capacity If the trash bin breaks at 15001 – 18000g

This table is adaptive from (Daniel Kyne, 2021)

TABLE 2. Trials Loadbearing Capacity of Innovative Waste Bin

37
 TABLE 3. Rating for Longevity of the 9V Battery
INDICATOR INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

1 Very Low Longevity Lasts less than 24 hours

2 Low Longevity Lasts about 25-48 hours

3 Moderate Longevity Lasts about 49-72 hours

4 High Longevity Lasts about 73- 94 hours

5 Very High Longevity Lasts 95- 104 hours

Malathy, N., Kaviyaadharshani, D., & Ashifa, S. (2022). Smart trash bin level monitoring

system. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 5799–5820.

TABLE 4. Longevity of the 9V Battery Automatic Waste Bin with Disinfectant

NO. OF TRIALS LONGEVITY OF THE BATTERY RATING INTERPRETATION

T1 6 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T2 4 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T3 5 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T4 7 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

T5 9 hours 1 Very Low Longevity

MEAN: 1 Very Low Longevity

Researchers observed a waste bin's operational hours over three days and found

the battery lifespan varied, with a shorter duration on Day 2 due to higher waste volume.

This highlights the need for better battery technology. Advancements are expected to

improve longevity for sustainable energy storage.

38
 TABLE 5. Survey Questionnaires for the level of performance utilization of

automated waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of its usability and

conviniency usage.

Usability Testing Essentials (Second Edition)” Carol M. Barnum, 2021. Adapted from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/usability-questionnaire

“USE Questionnaire: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use.” Lund, A.M.

(2001)Garyperlman.com, 2019,

Adapted from garyperlman.com/quest/quest.cgi?form=USE.

39
40
 APPENDIX B

LETTER OF PERMISSION

University Avenue, Juna Subdivision, Matina, Davao City

April 19, 2024

Dear Sir/Madam;

Greetings in the name of the high!

We, the Grade 12- STEM Students in B.E.S.T. College of Polomolok, Inc., would
like to conduct a research entitled “The feasibility of Imperata Cylindrica as an
Alternative Paper”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 2.

In connection with this, we would like to request permission from your good office
to conduct the study the school’s science laboratory and to use the apparatus for
conducting the research. Your approval would be a great help for the success of this
research endeavors.

We are looking forward to a positive response regarding this matter. Thank you
and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
Ms. Allyssa Kellyn Lou L. Langcay
Research Representative

Noted by:
Ms. Carmille Faith Cajipo
Research Adviser

41
 APPENDIX C

CLEARANCE FROM THE STATISTICIAN

Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S COLLEGE OF DAVAO

University Ave., Davao City

42
 DOCUMENTATION
DAY 1

On day 1, After we collected the plastic cups and plastic bottles, we began to

segregate them by their respective colors. We also removed the wrappers

surrounding each plastic bottle and cleaned them to prevent any odor.

DAY 2

43
On the second day, our initial task was to melt the plastic bottles and pour them into

the mold we created, letting them dry. However, things didn't go as planned. After an

hour, we found the texture resembling cement. Trying to remove it from the mold

resulted in a hollow block. In short, it failed, leading us to brainstorm alternative

solutions. On the same day, we experimented with melting plastic cups using a mini

donut holder, with Teflon for flatness. We chose this method, intending to shape it into

a trash bin.

DAY 3

44
On the third day, we persisted with the second method we devised, melting plastic

cups using a mini donut maker with a Teflon coating. Our goal was to produce 18

panels to construct a trash bin of the appropriate length and size. Additionally, we

started gluing the panels together to visualize the remaining tasks.

DAY 4

On the fifth day, we were close to finishing our trash bin, and we needed to polish it,

so one of our members was tasked with ensuring the length and size of each panel

were uniform to construct the trash bin. This became challenging because we didn't

45
know how to glue them together to look like a waste bin, but thankfully, we worked

together to complete and overcome this hurdle.

DAY 5

During day 5, what we did was to finish the tasks that needed to be completed, such

as polishing the sides that were unevenly cut. We used a blue torch and water to

quickly glue them together and let them dry.

46
DAY 6

During Day 6, after completing the construction of the waste bins, we decided to

assess one of our variables: the waste bin load-bearing capacity. We conducted tests

by placing rocks with varying weights inside the bins to determine the maximum

amount of trash they can safely support before exhibiting cracks or damage. This

experiment allowed us to gather valuable data on the effectiveness in handling

different loads.

47
DAY 7-DAY 14

Our group leader Langcay, was the one who focused on the programming using the
Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor and 9v battery. There are lot of challenges that has
been encountered but as the days go by she managed to finish the bin and operate it
with critical planning.

48
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ACHILLES SCAD N. REJAS

48 GOLDEN SUN ST., METOVILLE, MA-A, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09261727681

EMAIL ADDRESS: achillesrejas761@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 18

DATE OF BIRTH : December 15, 2005

PLACE OF BIRTH : General Santos City

49
STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Dexter Q. Rejas

MOTHER’S NAME : Leslie M. Natividad

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : GSIS Heights National Hugh School (2019-

2022)

ELEMENTARY : STA ANA National High School (2012-2018)

CURRICULUM VITAE

JOHN CHRISTIAN BERGANIO

18 SAN MIGUEL VILLAGE, MATINA DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09668428886

EMAIL ADDRESS: berganio414@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : April 14, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Davao City

50
STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Baptist

FATHER’S NAME : Florencio J. Berganio

MOTHER’S NAME : Ruby I. Berganio

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : GSIS Heights National High School

ELEMENTARY : GSIS Heights Elementary School

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALLYSSA KELLYN LOU L. LANGCAY

167 DAHLIA STREET SABROSO VILLAGE,

ECOLAND, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09369073686

EMAIL ADDRESS: alisakayse14@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : June 14, 2006

51
PLACE OF BIRTH : Metro Manila City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Baptist

FATHER’S NAME : Alfonso P. Langcay

MOTHER’S NAME : Loumarice L. Langcay

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Sovereign Grace Baptist Institute and

Technology of Davao Incorporated

: Vicenta C. National High School

ELEMENTARY : Sovereign Grace Baptist Institute and

Technology of Davao Incorporated

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALTHEA C.DOYO

BARANGAY 39-D PUROK 9 NEW WASHINGTON STREET,

DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09668266874

EMAIL ADDRESS: altheayangyang123@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE :18
52
DATE OF BIRTH : February 12,2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Manila,Taguig City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Rey B. Doyo

MOTHER’S NAME : Teresita C. Doyo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Mariano Untal High School,Mlang North Cotabato(2018-2022)

ELEMENTARY: Holy Cross Of Mintal,Davao City(2012-2014)

Catalunan Pequeno Elementary School,Davao City(2015-2017)

CURRICULUM VITAE

ELAIKA KAE OJENA

TRADING BOULEVARD, BUCANA, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09279393216

EMAIL ADDRESS: elaikakae0721@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : July 21, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Apokon, Tagum City

53
STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Rodel Ojena

MOTHER’S NAME : Marlyn Ojena

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School (2019 – 2022)

ELEMENTARY : Apokon Elementary School (2012 – 2018)

54