ENHANCING WASTE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY: UTILIZING RECYCLABLE

WATER BOTTLES AS AN INNOVATIVE AUTOMATIC WASTE BIN WITH

DISINFECTANT

A Study Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department of

Philippine Women’s College of Davao
Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 2
STEM - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

BY

Berganio, John Christian I.

Doyo, Althea C.
Langcay, Allyssa Kellyn Lou L.
Ojena, Elaika Kae M.
Rejas, Achilles Scad N.

APRIL 2024
i
Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude for all the

guidance, help, and encouragement of the following people:

To Ms. Carmille Faith A. Cajipo, the researcher's adviser, for her

unwavering advice, support, and compassion in dedicating her time and

knowledge, as well as offering numerous recommendations for the concept of

this study, she is greatly appreciated.

To Mr. Lucas Arjan Dayle Barida, the researchers express their heartfelt

gratitude for being our research adviser, whose invaluable contributions

significantly enriched the quality and depth of the research.

To Mr. Jomar Bernacer and Mr. Marc RB Ducut, statistician assisting the

researchers demonstrated generosity by offering time and expertise to resolve

numerical data, along with providing valuable suggestions for the study.

To Mr. Gerald Nazareno, the class adviser of Grade 12 Competence who

is always supporting the researchers and giving inspiring messages that boost

the confidence of the researchers.

To Administration, who facilitated the collection of necessary materials for

the study, is acknowledged with gratitude.

To G12 Competence, who aided in the completion of this study are

gratefully acknowledged for their invaluable assistance and dedication. Their

involvement played a crucial role in achieving the study's objectives.

ii
 To Mr. Jan Rey P.Godelosao, The ICT friend guidance was invaluable

to the study's progress and success. He’s support is greatly appreciated.

To the researcher’s family, Langcay, Ojena, Rejas, Berganio and Doyo

families are deeply appreciated for their enduring love and unwavering support

across financial, physical, emotional, and spiritual realms, as well as for the

invaluable advice extended to the researchers.

The most significant contributor to this study is the Almighty Father, Lord

Jesus Christ, for His protection and guidance, the knowledge and insight He has

bestowed upon the researchers, their family, friends, and the wonderful adviser

and panel of examiners He has selected to accompany them, as well as for the

countless blessings the researchers have received.

Researchers

iii
 Abstract

This study aims to assess the notable distinction between a recyclable

water bottle used in an innovative automatic trash bin and a conventional trash

bin. Employing an experimental research design, particularly through

comparative analysis, the researchers sought to delineate the differences and

similarities in durability, longevity, and utility between the two variables. Prior to

conducting any comparisons, the researchers were required to construct the

trash bin using recyclable water bottles.

4
 Table of Contents

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

ABSTRACT ………….. ………v

TABLE OF

CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….vi

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Delimitations

Hypothesis

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

5
 III METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Research Setting

Research Subject

Measurements

Research Procedure

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Scale…………………………………………………………………….

B Letter of Permission

C Clearance from the Statistician

DOCUMENTATIONS

CURRICULUM VITAE

6
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Waste management is a pressing concern in today's world, with the

imperative goal of minimizing waste destined for landfills and promoting

responsible and sustainable waste handling practices. This study addresses the

critical need for enhanced waste management practices and efficient waste

segregation. It also seeks to tackle challenges associated with waste disposal,

recycling, and the maintenance of cleanliness and hygiene in waste collection

systems.

Global waste management confronts a multitude of challenges stemming

from increasing waste production due to population growth, insufficient

infrastructure for waste collection and disposal, environmental and health

hazards resulting from improper disposal methods, and the complexity of

managing electronic waste and plastics in recycling. Low recycling rates persist

due to the lack of facilities and public awareness, while hazardous waste

management remains inadequate. Limited landfill space and the environmental

impact of waste management practices further compound these issues. Waste

management also contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas

7
emissions. Addressing these challenges demands investments in infrastructure,

innovative technologies, public awareness, and international cooperation to

promote sustainable waste management.

In the Philippines, the volume of waste continues to grow, with persistent

issues in the nation's solid waste management system, including an increase in

solid waste volume, weak law enforcement, insufficient hygienic landfills, and

improper disposal practices. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000, or RA 9003, stands as the primary approach employed in the country,

emphasizing waste segregation, efficient disposal, and diversion strategies. The

importance of envisioning a Philippines free of waste and inspiring active public

participation and awareness is underscored (Coracero, 2021).

The dilemma of excess waste plagues Brgy. Davao City, where the

sanitary landfill is overflowing. In response, the Davao City Government is

proposing a P 2.5 billion waste-to-energy (WTE) facility on a 10-hectare

agricultural property in Biao Escuela, Tugbok District, to address the

accumulating million tons of non-biodegradable waste since 2016. The initiative

aims to convert non-biodegradable waste into electricity, presenting itself as a

"long-term" solution. However, environmental concerns linger as the burning of

plastics may exacerbate the climate crisis. This action is in conflict with national

laws such as the Clean Air Act (RA 8749), the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act (RA 9003), and the Renewable Energy Act (RA 9513), which

defines renewable energy resources but excludes non-recyclable and non-

biodegradable waste (Cortez, 2023).

8
 Recent studies reveal research gaps in waste management innovation,

including evaluating disinfectant system effectiveness, exploring recycled

materials' technical, economic, and environmental aspects, and assessing

environmental impact. Understanding public acceptance and economic feasibility

of innovative bins is crucial for successful innovation. (Kumar, 2019)

In the course of this study, numerous practical implications have surfaced,

holding immense potential to benefit the environment and society at large.

Repurposing recyclable water bottles as integral components of automatic trash

bins with built-in disinfectant systems can significantly enhance waste

management practices. This innovation offers practical implementations that

address the escalating waste crisis by making waste disposal more efficient and

convenient, thereby contributing to a cleaner environment.

The study focuses on using recyclable water bottles in automatic trash

bins with integrated disinfectant systems to revolutionize waste management.

This approach improves public health, especially in crowded areas, by enhancing

sanitation and reducing disease transmission. It also promotes environmental

sustainability by repurposing plastic waste, reducing pollution, and encouraging

responsible recycling practices. This innovative, cost-effective solution tackles

global waste generation and environmental challenges, offering a valuable

contribution to waste management and sustainability.

9
Statement of the Problem

This research aims to enhance waste disposal efficiency, promote

cleanliness, and reduce the risk of disease transmission in public spaces,

ultimately contributing to improved waste management practices and healthier

living environments. Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of efficacy in enhancing waste management using

automatic waste bin in terms of:

1.1 Load bearing

1.2 Longevity

2. What is the level of performance of automated waste bin and

traditional waste bin in terms of its conventional usage?

2.1. Usability

2.2. Conviniency

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of recyclable

efficacy and level of performance of recyclable innovative waste bin?

10
Hypothesis

The study was guided by the null hypothesis tested 0.05 level of

significance.

H 0; there is no significant relationship between the level of recyclable efficacy

and level of performance of recyclable innovative waste bin.

Scope and Delimitations

This study aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of

implementing an automatic waste bin with disinfectant capabilities in controlled

environments. It will use controlled laboratory experiments and simulated real-

world scenarios to assess its functionality and performance. However, it is

essential to recognize that the study will not address broader societal, logistical,

or community-specific factors related to the deployment and maintenance of

these waste bins on a large scale.

The researchers aim to enhance the waste disposal efficiency and

environmental cleanliness. With this study by using the plastic bottles as a

automatic waste bin it can help the environment to reduce the production of

plastic.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

11
 This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing

methodologies, challenges, and advancements in sensor duration assessment

and enhancement for optimizing sensor performance for reliable data collection.

Waste Management Challenges and Innovations:

Several studies have highlighted the ongoing challenges in waste

management, including increasing waste production due to population growth,

inadequate infrastructure, and environmental and health risks from improper

waste disposal (Wilson et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2022). These challenges have

driven innovations in waste management, such as smart waste bins and sensor-

based systems (Migliore et al., 2020). However, there is limited research

on the integration of disinfectant features and the use of recyclable materials in

waste bins, which underscores the need for this experimental study.

Education and Awareness

Southeast Asian archipelago nation is called the Philippines. Due to

its big and youthful population, growing middle class, and increasing

urbanization, it has a dynamic and quick-growing economy (World Bank , 2020).

Concerns about waste management in the Philippines include improper waste

disposal, ineffective waste collection, and a lack of disposal facilities. In addition,

poor waste management may result in health risks for locals, environmental

issues like water and soil contamination, air pollution, and flooding, as well as

12
other socio-economic issues (Matunog & Awa 2013; Senate Economic Planning

Office, 2017). (Bagui & Padua, 2019)state that it is now crucial to educate people

about proper handling of created waste through information distribution. By

throwing our garbage’s properly we can influence other people especially young

generation.

Recycling and Reuse of Plastic Bottles

A significant body of literature has explored recycling and

repurposing of plastic bottles. Researchers have investigated the mechanical

properties of recycled plastics (Bryden et al., 2019 )and the environmental

benefits of reusing plastic containers (Azimi et al., 2018 ). These studies provide

insights into the sustainability of using recyclable water bottles as a component in

waste bins, supporting the eco-friendly aspect of the proposed innovation.

Despite efforts in Davao region to enhance and safeguard the environment and

natural resources, environmentally sound disposal methods remain elusive.

Numerous environmental management concerns persist. Efficient waste

management involves segregation, reducing waste, and recycling recyclables.

Individuals should increase awareness and creativity to find ways to reuse and

recycle items like plastic bottles and food packaging. This can greatly decrease

daily waste production, reducing pollution, environmental problems, and the

spread of diseases.

Waste Prevention

13
 The 3R initiative, which stands for reduce, reuse, and recycle, is

actively promoted to establish a sustainable society focused on efficient resource

utilization. According to (Fewtrell et al., 2016 ) is initiative not only contributes to

environmental preservation but also stimulates economic growth. Globally, it's

widely recognized that 3R efforts play a significant role in reducing greenhouse

gas emissions. This has prompted discussions on achieving sustainable

resource use and fostering economic structures that enhance resource

circulation.

Health and Hygiene

In the Philippines, inadequate access to water, sanitation, and

hygiene (WASH) services is a significant public health concern. According to

Fewtrell et al., 2016 The Fit for School organization is enhancing its school-

based handwashing program by adding sanitation components. This study aimed

to understand the impact of WASH practices on childhood diarrhea and explore

factors influencing defecation and anal cleansing practices in Northern

Mindanao. Quantitative analysis found no significant effect of WASH practices on

diarrhea. This study reveals that practices are influenced by lack of clean

facilities and personal habits, with water being the preferred material for

cleansing.

Preserving Ecosystem

The study explores methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems in the Philippines to

14
combat global climate change. It emphasizes the importance of recycling and

composting initiatives at the village level for waste diversion and managing

plastic waste through specific treatment options. The research addresses trade-

offs between sorting operations and managing incinerated waste to extend

landfill life and minimize emissions. By integrating various treatment and disposal

options based on waste separation and local demand for outputs, the study

provides insights for sustainable MSWM practices in the Philippines (Kristin et al,

, 2022)

Conceptual Framework

This study is all about enhancing waste management efficiency: utilizing

recyclable water bottles as an innovative automatic trash bin with disinfectant to

make our life easier in terms of throwing our garbage’s.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Level of efficacy in enhancing Level of performance of
waste management using automated waste bin and
automatic waste bin traditional waste bin in terms
of its conventional usage

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study showing variables involved.

Outlined in Figure 1, this study focuses on the independent variable, which

involves repurposing recyclable water bottles into an automatic waste bin that will

determine the level of efficacy in terms of the maximum load bearing capacity
15
and the longevity of the substitute power supply which is the 9v battery. On the

other hand, the dependent variables are the level of performance of the

automated waste bin and traditional waste bin.

Significance of the Study

Students - This study may help them comprehend the significance of

enhancing waste management. It also inspires them that recyclable materials

can be very beneficial in our lives because they can be used to construct a

variety of goods, including school projects and everyday items like flowerpots

and trashcans.

People - The researchers conducted this study for the country to have a

bright future. Reducing recyclable materials by creating a segregation bin and

dispersing them not only helps clean the surroundings but also helps the

environment from pollution or contamination, as this can cause viruses and

diseases that is very harmful for people's health.

Sanitation Workers - This study would be a great help to them.

Especially that, there are a bunch of people who just throw their garbage

16
everywhere. Dispersing of segregation bins in every place and encouraging

people to throw their trash in the correct way would help the sanitation workers to

do their job easily. This study also helps them have enough time to spend with

their family;

Future Researchers. They may gain knowledge from this

study and use it to inform their own research in a similar field. They might also

use this study as a guideline for other studies they conduct in the future, with the

aim of expanding upon it and making a more substantial contribution to it.

Definition of Terms

Waste management. Conceptually, refers to the various schemes to

manage and dispose of wastes. It can be by discarding, destroying, processing,

recycling, reusing, or controlling wastes (Learn Biology Online). Operationally, is

the act of sanitation workers gathering and getting rid of trash or students

collecting recyclable materials for making school projects.

Automatic Bin. Conceptually, automatic bins offer convenient and

hygienic waste disposal, they are more hygienic and convenient than other types

of waste bins as you do not have to touch any part of the bin directly to dispose

of rubbish. This avoids any contamination and helps to keep your surrounding

17
more germ-free (Taps UK). Operationally, automatic bin works by detecting

movements of a person.

Disinfectant. Conceptually, an agent (as a chemical or ultraviolet light)

that destroys, inactivates, or significantly reduces the concentration of pathogens

(as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) especially on hard surfaces and in water

(Merriam Webster Dictionary). Operationally, many people use this item to clean

their hands after touching disposable materials.

Loadbearing. Conceptually, loadbearing refers to a structure's ability to

support weight. Operationally, it is about a wall or structure bearing a load.

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary).

Longevity. Conceptually, loadbearing refers to a structure's ability to

support weight. Operationally, it is about a wall or structure bearing a load.

(Cambridge Dictionary)

Usability. Conceptually, usability is how easy it is to use something.

Operationally, it's measured by how intuitive and efficient it is.(Meriam- Webster

Dictionary).

Conveniency. Conceptually, convenience is the quality of being easy or

suitable. Operationally, it refers to the straightforwardness of accessing services

or processes. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary.)

18
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employs an experimental design to investigate the

effectiveness of an automatic waste bin with disinfectant, made from Recyclable

Water Bottles, compared to traditional bins in a school setting. Grounded in

Campbell and Stanley's (1963, p. 171) definition of experimental research, the

study explores variables like durability and health impact, emphasizing the

unique feature of the innovative bin that allows unrestricted handling and

19
opening. With a focus on waste management, the research advocates for

replacing traditional bins with the recyclable water bottle-based innovation to

reduce material extraction from natural resources and align with sustainability

goals. Ultimately, the study aims to reveal disparities between waste bin types

and contribute insights to responsible waste disposal practices and

environmental conservation in educational settings.

Setting

The researchers will conduct the experiment at the Philippine Women’s

College of Davao, which serve as a convenient location for them to gather data

efficiently for study.

Subject

The subject of this study will be the plastic bottle and the sensor. The

plastic bottle will be collected from the drop box of plastics where all the people

used to drink from it. It will also be displayed in a certain area and gathered in the

location where the expiration will be done to make a bin. The sensor will be

bought online and will be connected to the Arduino board that has Python coding

so that the waste bin can be monitored when it opens or closes. In short, the bin

will be one of the innovative experiments that will be created. Through a

comprehensive analysis of waste disposal efficiency, user interactions, and

20
sanitation levels, the research seeks to provide valuable insights into the

potential of this eco-friendly and technologically enhanced waste management

solution. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more sustainable

and efficient waste management strategies, addressing contemporary challenges

in urban environments.

Measurements

The researchers will acquire the data through multifaced approach,

observations and precise measurements to comprehensively study waste

management in a school setting. Within the months that is given for the testing

phase experiment, actively deploying the innovative waste bin with a disinfectant

mechanism every school day from 8am to 5pm weekly assessments track the

developmental trajectory, measuring key performance indicates like waste

sorting efficiency and disinfectant effectiveness.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

I. Request approval

The researchers will seek approval to carry out the experiment in the

Langcay home, Dahlia Street, Sabroso Village, Ecoland, Davao City. Obtaining

permission to observe the test subjects. Additionally, the Research Adviser will

be kept informed about the observations made at regular intervals during the

study.

II. Preparation of the Experiment

1). Procurement of recyclable plastic bottles

21
 The researchers will gather recyclable water bottles both from the

exterior and interior of the school, distinguishing between the bottle and

the cap during the collection process.

2). Material Selection and Testing

Examine the viability of repurposing recyclable water bottles to serve

as integral components in the envisioned automatic waste bins. Assess

the durability, longevity of employing these materials for enduring waste

management solutions over the long term.

3.) Acquisition of specific type of sensor

The acquisition of sensor specifically ultrasonic sensor for detecting

wide variety of things. 2 ultrasonic sensors will be provided and each

sensor has a 5v battery power need.

4.) Battery as a power supply for the adruino uno and sensor

The 9v battery will be the substitute power supply for the automated

waste bin.

5.) Power Cable that has 12v

The main power supply of the innovative recyclable waste bin with the

use of the resistors it can help resist the flow of the extra energy in the

power that is only needed.

III. Identifying the different types of the plastic bottles

The researchers identify different types of plastic bottles, such as PET,

HDPE, and PP, to achieve the desired durability for the innovative recyclable

waste bin.

22
IV. Melting the caps of the plastic bottles.

The researchers used a heat press machine with a Teflon sheet made of

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to prevent plastic caps from sticking. They placed

the caps on the Teflon sheet and melted them using the heat press.

V. Quenching the caps

To obtain the rapid cooling of the caps that is being melt, quenching it is

the best way to use to have a solid panel that will be use in assembling the

recyclable waste bin.

VI. Melting the plastic bottle

The researches used a metal container and placed the plastic bottles

inside the container where the plastic bottles starts to melts.

VII. Let the melted plastic bottles cool

The melted plastic bottles cool quickly when exposed to air.

VIII. Assembling the panels of innovative recyclable waste bin

The researchers used panels made from recycled plastic bottles, attaching

them according to size by melting the edges and quenching them to join the

sides.

IX. Polishing the innovative recyclable waste bin

It is important to polish the innovative recyclable waste bin by sanding it

before painting and installing the Arduino Uno, sensor, and battery.

X. Assembling the Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor and 9v Battery

23
 The Arduino Uno controls the automatic waste bin by processing data

from the ultrasonic sensor, which detects objects from a distance and

automatically opens the bin to receive waste. The 9V battery powers the Arduino

and sensor, enabling the system to function independently.

XI. Assembling the Automatic Alcohol Dispenser

The automatic alcohol dispenser in the innovative recyclable waste bin

provides users with a convenient way to sanitize their hands after disposing of

waste, promoting hygiene and cleanliness.

Schematic Diagram

24
 Figure 2. The Schematic Diagram showing the step-by-step procedures of
the whole study

As shown in Figure 2, waste bins are tested for both the amount of waste

they can carry and their level of hygiene. However, only Waste Bin A is automatic

and has disinfectant. The researchers will check the waste bins every week

interval.

25
 Chapter III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter includes the presentation, analysis and data interpretation of the

recyclable water bottles as an Innovative Automatic Waste Bin with Disinfectant.

TABLE 1. Rating for Loadbearing Capacity

This table is adaptive from (Daniel Kyne, 2021)

TABLE 2. Trials Loadbearing Capacity of Innovative Waste Bin

26
 The researchers conducted four trials to determine the load bearing

capacity of the waste bin. They gradually added items to the bin in each trial until

it broke. The results showed that the bin's capacity varied across trials:

- T1: 11.9 kg, moderate load bearing capacity (rating of 3).

- T2: 13.7 kg, high load bearing capacity (rating of 4).

- T3: 12.6 kg, high load bearing capacity (rating of 4).

- T4: 17.5 kg, very high load bearing capacity (rating of 5).

- T5: 16.7 kg, very high load bearing capacity (rating of 5).

The average rating across the trials was 4.2, indicating a high load bearing

capacity overall.

The implementation of high-tech bins significantly influenced people's

inclination towards proper trash disposal. The presence of unique designs and

diverse functions. in these bins fostered a greater community interest in

disposing of trash. Their research emphasizes the critical importance of

intelligent trash bin design in not only boosting public engagement with waste

management but also in paving the way for a more sustainable future in waste

disposal practices. (Jun-Ho Huh, Choi Jaehyeon, Kyungryong Seo, 2021)

27
 TABLE 3. Rating for Longevity of the 9V Battery

Malathy, N., Kaviyaadharshani, D., & Ashifa, S. (2022). Smart trash bin level

monitoring system. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 5799–5820.

TABLE 4. Longevity of the 9V Battery

R e s e a r c h e r

and found the battery lifespan varied, with a shorter duration on Day 2 due to

higher waste volume. This highlights the need for better battery technology.

Advancements are expected to improve longevity for sustainable energy storage.

28
 TABLE 5. Survey Questionnaires for the level of performance

utilization of automated waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of its

usability and conviniency usage.

Usability Testing Essentials (Second Edition)” Carol M. Barnum, 2021. Adapted

from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/usability-

questionnaire

“USE Questionnaire: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use.” Lund, A.M.

(2001)Garyperlman.com, 2019,

Adapted from garyperlman.com/quest/quest.cgi?form=USE.

29
 The researchers conducted a study using five survey questionnaires to

assess the usability and convenience of an automatic bin with disinfectant. The

survey involved 5 respondents, who provided ratings on a Likert scale. Each

questionnaire received individual ratings from the respondents. The researchers

calculated a total rating by summing up the respondents' scores for each

questionnaire, and a mean rating by averaging these total scores. The overall

mean rating for usability was found to be 4.76 while for convenience, it was 4.72.

In conclusion, the researchers conducted four trials to test a waste bin

made from recyclable plastic bottles with disinfectant, which had a weight

capacity of 17.5 kg. The bin encouraged proper trash disposal and community

interest. Battery lifespan varied with usage, with shorter operation on Day 2 due

to higher disposal rates. The study underscores the importance of smart bin

design for sustainable waste practices and public engagement.

Environmentally friendly waste management practices and effective trash

separation can lessen harmful effects on the environment and public health. The

creation of the Smart Trash Can aims to raise public awareness and

understanding of ecologically responsible garbage management as an endeavor

to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) global action plan. The

purpose of the Smart Trash Can's hand sanitizing function and organic,

inorganic, and metal waste detectors is to make after throwing out their trash,

users are more concerned about cleanliness (Rizki Maharani Aqilah1, Azzati

Sahirah, Elfahmi Rahma Fariza, 2021).

30
31
 Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter discusses with the summary, conclusion, and

recommendation of the study.

Summary

With this research study, the pressing need for improved waste

management practices, focusing on minimizing waste sent to landfills

and promoting sustainable handling methods. It discusses global

challenges such as increased waste production, insufficient

infrastructure, and low recycling rates. The Philippines faces similar

issues with rising solid waste volumes and inadequate landfills. In

Davao City, excess waste has led to an overflowing landfill, prompting

proposals for a waste-to-energy facility that raises environmental

concerns.

The study proposes innovative solutions, including using

recyclable water bottles in automatic trash bins with integrated

disinfectant systems. These bins can improve public health by

enhancing sanitation and reducing disease transmission risks. This

approach aims to revolutionize waste management by offering a

32
 sustainable, cost-effective solution that promotes responsible recycling

practices and helps address global waste generation challenges.

Here are the following questions to determine the loadbearing

and longevity of the battery as a part of the innovative waste bin.

1. What is the level of efficacy in enhancing waste management using

automatic waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of the

following?

1.1. Load Bearing

1.2. Longevity

2. What is the level of performance utilization of automated waste bin

and traditional waste bin in terms of its conventional usage?

2.1. Usability

2.2. Conveniency

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of recyclable

efficacy and level of performance of recyclable innovative waste

bin?

Researchers conducted an experiment in Davao City to create an

innovative recyclable waste bin. They sought approval for the experiment and

provided regular updates to their research adviser. The preparation involved

gathering and processing recyclable water bottles, melting plastic caps and

33
bottles, and quenching them to create panels for the waste bin. They then

polished the bin, assembled it with an Arduino Uno, an ultrasonic sensor, and a

9V battery to control the automatic functions. The study included adding an

automatic alcohol dispenser to promote hygiene after waste disposal.

The treatments were tested through 3 protocols; first, the

loadbearing of the innovative recyclable waste bin was tested; second, the

longevity of the 9v battery as a substitute power supply, and lastly the level of

performance or satisfaction was tested through conducting survey in terms of the

usability and conveniency.

Findings

Based on the gathered data and results of the study, the following findings were:

1. In testing its loadbearing, T1 has a scale of 3 which means it has

moderate load bearing capacity because the trash breaks in 9001g-

12000g, then in T2 and T3 has the scale of 4 which means it has high load

bearing capacity because the trash breaks in 12001g-15000g, then in T4

and T5 has the scale of 5 which means it has very high bearing capacity

because the trash breaks in 15001-1800g.

2. In testing its longevity, T1 was rated at a scale of 1, indicating very low

longevity as the sensor had a battery lifespan of 6 hours and 15 minutes.

Similarly, T2 also received a scale of 1 due to its low longevity with a

sensor battery lifespan of 4 hours and 43 minutes. T3, T4, and T5 had

battery lifespans of 5, 7, and 9 hours respectively, and were all rated at a

34
 scale of 1 for low longevity. T2 had the lowest longevity as it was used

frequently, causing the battery to drain quickly.

3. In terms of level of recyclable efficacy and level of performance of

recyclable innovative waste bin, there is no significant difference between

automatic waste bin and traditional waste bin therefore accepting the null

hypothesis.

4.In terms of usability, suggest a generally high level of satisfaction.

Indicates that the design and functionality of the bin likely meet user

expectations, contributing to a positive user experience.

5.In terms of conveniency, suggest that users perceive the bin to be

convenient to use.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The Innovative trash bin design improved from T1 to T4, it could handle

heavier loads. Using recyclable water bottles in the bin's construction

made it stronger and more durable.

3. The longevity of the innovative recyclable waste bin doesn't last long,

with each version having a short battery life. It needs improvement to

make sure the sensor lasts longer and the bin works reliably.

4. The innovative recyclable waste bin's design and features align with

user expectations, providing a positive user experience. Its user-friendly

35
 design and operational capabilities contribute to user satisfaction during

use.

5. Users find the bin convenient to use, suggesting that the bin's design

make waste disposal easier and more efficient, leading to increased user

satisfaction. This suggests that the bin's user-friendly design helps people

dispose of waste more easily.

Recommendation

The researchers recommended T4 as a viable option for an innovative waste bin.

It demonstrates superior capability in handling heavier loads compared to

alternative bins tested. As such, it is recommended to further explore and

develop the T4 as the foundational design for future waste bin prototypes.

1. To the readers, it is important to continue exploring alternative

methods for creating efficient and aesthetically pleasing waste bins using

recyclable plastic bottles and cups. This study can serve as a guide and

inspiration for achieving greater success in waste management

innovation.

2. Students, be a role models for the students, especially in caring for the

environment and avoiding pollution with the proper use of the innovative

recyclable waste bin.

3. Government, must raise awareness about effective waste management,

including proper separation and holding plastic producers accountable for

financing collection, sorting, and recycling.

36
 4. To future researchers, it is essential to further enhance this study and

explore better ideas to improve waste bin production. By building upon the

findings and methodologies as one it can develop novel approaches that

harness the potential of recycled materials to address the challenges of

waste disposal.

References
Azimi et al. (2018 ). Retrieved from Open Library :
https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/undergraduateresearch/18861/
items/1.0398377

Bagui & Padua. (2019). Retrieved from Aquademia:

https://www.aquademia-journal.com/article/solid-waste-management-awareness-and-
practices-among-senior-high-school-students-in-a-state-college-9579

Brown, S. a. (2017, January). Retrieved from ResearchGate:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230207603_Handbook_of_Research_Metho
ds_in_Experimental_Psychology

Bryden et al. (2019 ). Retrieved from ScienceDirect :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378382018318174

Coracero, E. (2021, December ). A Long-Standing Problem: A Review on the Solid Waste

Management in the Philippines. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357392729_A_Long-
Standing_Problem_A_Review_on_the_Solid_Waste_Management_in_the_Philippines

Cortez, K. M. (2023, january 21). Retrieved from Davaotoday:

https://davaotoday.com/environment/four-environment-concerns-to-look-out-in-
davao-2023/

Daniel Kyne. (2021, March 17). Chrome. Retrieved from OpinionX:

https://www.opinionx.co/research-method-guides/maxdiff-analysis

ELCAP Power. (2023, May 12). An elaborative study on the longevity of grid storage batteries.
Retrieved from linkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/elaborative-study-longevity-
grid-storage-batteries-elcappower

Fewtrell et al. (2016 ). Retrieved from World Environment:

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84246742/showpaperpdf-libre.pdf?

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 1650096837=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename
%3DAssessing_the_Fertilizer_Utilization_Pot.pdf&Expires=1699228826&Signature=cUV
5UK3BnB7l4EHDV3irNQIzGKbFtzLQRIeqqb71bMyPQAhlt

Jun-Ho Huh, Choi Jaehyeon, Kyungryong Seo. (2021, May 21). Retrieved from MDPI:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/4810?
fbclid=IwAR056WSCQo9TzgkdIHMMhKqUigNSElgltC_eIQgrPLuoN_dsMe9tNbSfDWU

Jun-Ho Huh, Jae-Hyeon Choi, Kyungryong Seo. (2021, May 24). Retrieved from MDPI:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/4810?
fbclid=IwAR056WSCQo9TzgkdIHMMhKqUigNSElgltC_eIQgrPLuoN_dsMe9tNbSfDWU

Kristin et al, . (2022, Febraury 15). Retrieved from MDPI :

IwAR1FrQcAlR9MTAIwBl3gRo631a13ku5p_EiaDZGda5uke9HXoU68mTuj7D4

Kumar, R. (2019, November 5). Retrieved from Scientfic Research :

https://www.scirp.org/(S(czeh2tfqw2orz553k1w0r45))/reference/referencespapers.asp
x?referenceid=3103710

Matunog & Awa 2013; Senate Economic Planning Office. (2017). Retrieved from aquademia :
https://www.aquademia-journal.com/article/solid-waste-management-awareness-and-
practices-among-senior-high-school-students-in-a-state-college-9579

Migliore et al. (2020, June 4). Retrieved from Springer Link :

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-020-04637-w

Rizki Maharani Aqilah1, Azzati Sahirah, Elfahmi Rahma Fariza. (2021). Chrome. Retrieved from
Atlantis Press: file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/125966891%20(1).pdf

Wil. (n.d.).

Wilson . (n.d.).

Wilson et al., 2018; Zhang et al. (2022, Febraury). Retrieved from ScienceDirect:
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World Bank . (2020). Retrieved from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26978869

38
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

TABLE 1. Rating for Loadbearing Capacity

This table is adaptive from (Daniel Kyne, 2021)

TABLE 2. Trials Loadbearing Capacity of Innovative Waste Bin

39
 TABLE 3. Rating for Longevity of the 9V Battery

Malathy, N., Kaviyaadharshani, D., & Ashifa, S. (2022). Smart trash bin level

monitoring system. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 5799–5820.

TABLE 4. Longevity of the 9V Battery

40
 Researchers observed a waste bin's operational hours over three days

and found the battery lifespan varied, with a shorter duration on Day 2 due to

higher waste volume. This highlights the need for better battery technology.

Advancements are expected to improve longevity for sustainable energy storage.

TABLE 5. Survey Questionnaires for the level of performance

utilization of automated waste bin and traditional waste bin in terms of its

usability and conviniency usage.

Usability Testing Essentials (Second Edition)” Carol M. Barnum, 2021. Adapted

from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/usability-

questionnaire

41
“USE Questionnaire: Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use.” Lund, A.M.

(2001)Garyperlman.com, 2019,

Adapted from garyperlman.com/quest/quest.cgi?form=USE.

42
 APPENDIX B

LETTER OF PERMISSION

University Avenue, Juna Subdivision, Matina, Davao City

April 19, 2024

Dear Sir/Madam;

Greetings in the name of the high!

We, the Grade 12- STEM Students in B.E.S.T. College of Polomolok, Inc.,
would like to conduct a research entitled “The feasibility of Imperata Cylindrica
as an Alternative Paper”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical
Research 2.

43
 In connection with this, we would like to request permission from your
good office to conduct the study the school’s science laboratory and to use the
apparatus for conducting the research. Your approval would be a great help for
the success of this research endeavors.

We are looking forward to a positive response regarding this matter.

Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
Ms. Allyssa Kellyn Lou L. Langcay
Research Representative

Noted by:
Ms. Carmille Faith Cajipo
Research Adviser

APPENDIX C

CLEARANCE FROM THE STATISTICIAN

Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S COLLEGE OF DAVAO

University Ave., Davao City

44
DOCUMENTATION

45
DAY 1

On day 1, After we collected the plastic cups and plastic bottles, we began to

segregate them by their respective colors. We also removed the wrappers

surrounding each plastic bottle and cleaned them to prevent any odor.

46
DAY 2

On the second day, our initial task was to melt the plastic bottles and pour

them into the mold we created, letting them dry. However, things didn't go as

planned. After an hour, we found the texture resembling cement. Trying to

remove it from the mold resulted in a hollow block. In short, it failed, leading us

to brainstorm alternative solutions. On the same day, we experimented with

melting plastic cups using a mini donut holder, with Teflon for flatness. We

chose this method, intending to shape it into a trash bin.

47
DAY 3

On the third day, we persisted with the second method we devised, melting

plastic cups using a mini donut maker with a Teflon coating. Our goal was to

produce 18 panels to construct a trash bin of the appropriate length and size.

Additionally, we started gluing the panels together to visualize the remaining

tasks.

48
DAY 4

On the fifth day, we were close to finishing our trash bin, and we needed to

polish it, so one of our members was tasked with ensuring the length and size

of each panel were uniform to construct the trash bin. This became challenging

because we didn't know how to glue them together to look like a waste bin, but

thankfully, we worked together to complete and overcome this hurdle.

DAY 5

49
During day 5, what we did was to finish the tasks that needed to be completed,

such as polishing the sides that were unevenly cut. We used a blue torch and

water to quickly glue them together and let them dry.

DAY 6

During Day 6, after completing the construction of the waste bins, we decided

to assess one of our variables: the waste bin load-bearing capacity. We

50
conducted tests by placing rocks with varying weights inside the bins to

determine the maximum amount of trash they can safely support before

exhibiting cracks or damage. This experiment allowed us to gather valuable

data on the effectiveness in handling different loads.

DAY 7-DAY 14

51
Our group leader Langcay, was the one who focused on the programming
using the Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor and 9v battery. There are lot of
challenges that has been encountered but as the days go by she managed to
finish the bin and operate it with critical planning.

CURRICULUM VITAE

ACHILLES SCAD N. REJAS

48 GOLDEN SUN ST., METOVILLE, MA-A, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09261727681

EMAIL ADDRESS: achillesrejas761@gmail.com

52
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 18

DATE OF BIRTH : December 15, 2005

PLACE OF BIRTH : General Santos City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Dexter Q. Rejas

MOTHER’S NAME : Leslie M. Natividad

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : GSIS Heights National Hugh School (2019-

2022)

ELEMENTARY : STA ANA National High School (2012-2018)

CURRICULUM VITAE

JOHN CHRISTIAN BERGANIO

18 SAN MIGUEL VILLAGE, MATINA DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09668428886

EMAIL ADDRESS: berganio414@gmail.com

53
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : April 14, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Davao City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Baptist

FATHER’S NAME : Florencio J. Berganio

MOTHER’S NAME : Ruby I. Berganio

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : GSIS Heights National High School

ELEMENTARY : GSIS Heights Elementary School

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALLYSSA KELLYN LOU L. LANGCAY

167 DAHLIA STREET SABROSO VILLAGE,

ECOLAND, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09369073686

EMAIL ADDRESS: alisakayse14@gmail.com

54
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : June 14, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Metro Manila City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Baptist

FATHER’S NAME : Alfonso P. Langcay

MOTHER’S NAME : Loumarice L. Langcay

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Sovereign Grace Baptist Institute and

Technology of Davao
Incorporated

: Vicenta C. National High School

ELEMENTARY : Sovereign Grace Baptist Institute and

Technology of Davao
Incorporated

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALTHEA C.DOYO

BARANGAY 39-D PUROK 9

NEW WASHINGTON STREET,

55
DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09668266874

EMAIL ADDRESS: altheayangyang123@gmail.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE :18

DATE OF BIRTH : February 12,2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Manila,Taguig City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Rey B. Doyo

MOTHER’S NAME : Teresita C. Doyo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Mariano Untal High School,Mlang North Cotabato(2018-

2022)

ELEMENTARY: Holy Cross Of Mintal,Davao City(2012-2014)

Catalunan Pequeno Elementary School,Davao

City(2015-2017)

CURRICULUM VITAE

ELAIKA KAE OJENA

TRADING BOULEVARD, BUCANA, DAVAO CITY

PHONE NUMBER: 09279393216

EMAIL ADDRESS: elaikakae0721@gmail.com

56
PERSONAL BACKGROUND

AGE : 17

DATE OF BIRTH : July 21, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH : Apokon, Tagum City

STATUS : Single

RELIGION : Roman Catholic

FATHER’S NAME : Rodel Ojena

MOTHER’S NAME : Marlyn Ojena

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY : Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School (2019 – 2022)

ELEMENTARY : Apokon Elementary School (2012 – 2018)

57