Cells of the digestive system, for

instance, are different in structure

and function from cells of the
skeletal system.
Types of
Cells The following are examples of
different types of cells in the
body:
in the Body

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Stem Cells

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Stem cells
are unique cells of the body in that they are unspecialized and have the ability to develop into specialized cells for specific

organs or to develop into tissues. Stem cells are able to divide and replicate many times in order to replenish and repair

tissue. In the field of stem cell research, scientists are attempting to take advantage of the renewal properties of stem cells by

utilizing them to generate cells for tissue repair, organ transplantation, and for the treatment of disease.

Bone Cells
Bones are a type of mineralized connective tissue and a major
component of the skeletal system. Bone cells form bone, which
is composed of a matrix of collagen and calcium phosphate
minerals.
cont…..

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 There are three primary types of bone cells in
the body:

• Osteoclasts are large cells that

• decompose bone for resorption and
• assimilation.
• Osteoblasts regulate bone mineralization
• and produce osteoid (organic substance
• of bone matrix), which mineralizes to
• form bone. Osteoblasts mature to form
• osteocytes.
• Osteocytes aid in the formation of bone
• and help maintain calcium balance.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Red Blood Cells
Red blood cell, also called erythrocyte, cellular component of blood, millions of which
in the circulation of vertebrates give the blood its characteristic colour and carry
oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.

The three major types of

cells in the blood are Red
Blood Cells, White Blood
Cells and Platelets.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 ❑Red blood cells determine blood type and are
also responsible for transporting oxygen to
cells.
❑White blood cells are immune system cells that
destroy pathogens and provide immunity.
❑Platelets help to clot blood and prevent
excessive blood loss due to broken or
damaged blood vessels.
❑Blood cells are produced by bone marrow.

Muscle Cells
Muscle cells form muscle tissue, which is
important for bodily movement.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

Skeletal muscle
tissue attaches to bones enabling voluntary movement.
Skeletal muscle cells are covered by connective tissue,
which protects and supports the muscle fiber bundles.
Cardiac muscle
cells form involuntary cardiac muscle found in
the heart. These cells aid in heart contraction and are
joined to one another by intercalated discs, which allow
for synchronization of the heart beat.
Smooth muscle
tissue is not striated like cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle that lines body
cavities and forms the walls of many organs (kidneys,
intestines, blood vessels, lung airways, etc.). By Naseeb ullah kakar
 Fat cells
Fat cells, also called adipocytes, are the major
cell component of adipose tissue. Adipocytes
contain droplets of stored fat
(triglycerides) that can be used for energy.
When fat is being stored, fat cells swell and
become round in shape. When fat is being used,
these cells shrink in size. Adipose cells also
have an endocrine function as they
produce hormones that influence sex hormone
metabolism, blood pressure regulation, insulin
sensitivity, fat storage and use, blood clotting,
By Naseeb ullah kakar
and cell signaling.
 Nerve Cells
Nerve cells or neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system.
Nerves send signals among the brain, spinal cord, and other
body organs via nerve impulses.
A neuron consists of two major parts: a cell body and nerve
processes. The central cell body contains the neuron's nucleus,
associated cytoplasm, and organelles. Nerve processes are
"finger-like" projections (axons and dendrites) that extend from
the cell body and are able to conduct and transmit

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Endothelial Cells
Endothelial cells form the inner
lining of cardiovascular
system and lymphatic
system structures. These cells
makes up the inner layer of blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
organs including the brain, lungs,
skin, and heart. Endothelial cells
are responsible for angiogenesis or
the creation of new blood vessels.
They also regulate the movement
of macromolecules, gases, and
fluid between the blood and
surrounding tissues, and help to
regulate blood pressure.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Sex Cells
Sex cells or gametes are reproductive cells produced in male and female gonads. Male sex
cells or sperm are motile and have a long, tail-like projection called a flagellum. Female sex
cells or ova are non-motile and relatively large in comparison to the male gamete. In
sexual reproduction, sex cells unite during fertilization to form a new individual. While
other body cells replicate by mitosis, gametes reproduce by meiosis.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

Pancreatic Cells
The pancreas functions as both an exocrine
and endocrine organ. Exocrine acinar
cells produce and secrete digestive enzymes
that are transported by ducts to the small
intestine. A very small percentage of
pancreatic cells have endocrine function and
secrete hormones. Pancreatic endocrine cells
are found in small clusters called islets of
Langerhans. Hormones produced by these cells
include insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.
Pancreatic cells are important for regulating
blood glucose concentration levels as well as
for the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates,
and fats.

By Naseeb ullah kakar

 Cancer Cells

Oncology?
Cancer results from the development of
abnormal properties in normal cells that enable Name the
them to divide uncontrollably and spread to
other locations. Cancer cell development can be
caused by mutations that occur from factors
gene which
such as chemicals, radiation, ultraviolet
light, chromosome replication errors, or viral
cause breast
infection. Cancer cells lose sensitivity to antigrowth
signals, proliferate rapidly, and lose cancer.
the ability to undergo apoptosis or programmed
cell death. By Naseeb ullah kakar
 Have a good day

Dear students the slides depict the basic concept of some important cells consult the
book mentioned on LMS specially Albert, B., et al. Essential Cell Biology, 3rd ed. New
York, NY: Garland Science, 2010.

THANK YOU!!

By Naseeb ullah kakar