STD X – HISTORY SUMMARY

CHAPTER 4 – SECOND PHASE OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

Syllabus
• Brief mention of the causes of the Partition of Bengal and its perspective by the
Nationalists.
• Brief mention of the Surat split of 1907.
• Objectives and methods of struggle of the Assertive Nationalists.
Any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal & Lala Lajpat Rai

❖ Brief mention of the causes of the Partition of Bengal and its perspective by
the Nationalists:
➢ Date of Partition: Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on 16th October 1905.
➢ Reason for the Partition of Bengal given by Lord Curzon: Bengal was too
big a province to be administered by a single provincial government.
➢ Perspective by the Nationalists: The nationalists said that British
partitioned Bengal because:
▪ Bengal was the nerve centre of Indian nationalism at that time.
▪ To curb the Bengali influence by placing Bengalis under two
administrations.
▪ To foster division on the basis of religion.
▪ to divide the Bengalis on religious and territorial grounds and thereby
weaken the Nationalism in Bengal.
❖ Brief mention of the Surat split of 1907:
➢ Firstly - The Assertive wanted to extend Swadeshi and boycott to the rest
of India but the Early Nationalists did not approve it.
➢ Secondly – In the 1906, Calcutta Session of Congress there was a dispute
over the candidature of the next president. To avert a split, the Early
Nationalists persuaded Dadabhai to preside over the Calcutta Session of
the Congress in 1906.
➢ Thirdly – Again in 1907, in the Surat Session of the Congress, there was a
tussle between the two groups for the Presidentship of the National
Congress. The Assertive nationalists proposed the name of Lala Lajpatrai
whereas the Early nationalists proposed the name of Rash Behari Ghosh.
There was utter confusion. This led to a split in the Congress.

[Date] 1
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 STD X – HISTORY SUMMARY

❖ Objectives and methods of struggle of the Assertive Nationalists:

➢ Objectives of Assertive Nationalists:
▪ Main objective: The main objective of the Aggressive nationalists was
immediate attainment of Swaraj.
▪ Other objectives:
i. To get a larger share for the Indians in the administration of the country.
ii. To end Britain’s economic exploitation of India.

➢ Methods of Assertive: The Aggressive nationalists proposed 4 main

methods of attaining independence.
▪ Swadeshi: Swadeshi meant producing necessary items in one’s own
country without being dependent on the foreign goods.
▪ Boycott: Boycott means abstaining from buying foreign goods.
▪ National Education: A National Scheme of education was planned
which was to replace the government-controlled universities and
colleges.
▪ Passive Resistance: The Assertive Nationalists believed in adopting the
policy of non-violent resistance and vigorous political action to achieve
their aims.

▪ Besides this they used three other methods:

• Revivalism: Assertive nationalists revived self- respect of the
people by referring to India’s past glory.
• Personal Sacrifices: The assertive leaders and their followers were
ready to sacrifice their life, suffer hardships and sufferings for the
achieving their goal.
• Mass Involvement: The Assertive had faith in the strength of the
masses and thus aroused the masses by influencing them with their
sacrifices.

[Date] 2
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056.
Mob:9699926941
 STD X – HISTORY SUMMARY

❖ Any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal & Lala
Lajpat Rai:

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bipin Chandra Pal Lala Lajpat Rai

Two
Contributions i. To inculcate Social reforms: i. He opened
courage, self- i. He opposed the orphanages,
defense and caste system and hospitals &
patriotism, he other rigid rules schools
organized many concerning inter-
akharas and lathi dining and inter ii. He set up
clubs where mixing. Servants of
physical training ii. He encouraged people
was imparted. Widow society for
ii. He started the remarriage. the welfare
Ganapati festival of the
iii. He started the Economic reforms: downtrodde
Shivaji festival to i. He also proposed n and the
glorify Shivaji and that the rich outcastes.
thus encourage should be taxed
young more heavily than iii. He joined
Maharashtrians. the poor to bring the
iv. He started two equality in the Congress in
newspapers society. 1888
‘Mahratta’ & ii. He demanded remained its
‘Kesari’ forty-eight hours worker till
of work in a week the end of
and an increase in his life.
the wages.

[Date] 3
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056.
Mob:9699926941