School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering

Materials Science and Engineering Department

Crystal Structure of Materials (MScE 2206)
Exit Exam Tutorial Questions Instructor: Mr. Sena Tadesse
28th Nov, 2022
1. Which of the following possess anisotropic nature within their structure?

A) Hair Wax C) Polythene

B) Snow Flakes D) Crystal glass

2. What is each point (position of particle) in a crystal lattice termed as?

A) Lattice index C) Lattice lines

B) Lattice point D) Lattice spot

3. How many parameters are used to characterize a unit cell?

A) Six C) Two

B) Three D) Nine

4. Convert [2111] from four-index system to three-index.

A) [210] C) [111]

B) [301] D) [121]

5. The miller index for the plane shown on the right is:
 11
A) (2̅11) B) (0 ) C) (1̅22) D) (011)
22

̅̅̅̅) and (133) planes?

6. What is the common direction between (132

A) [310] ̅̅̅̅0]
B) [31 C) [4̅10] ̅̅̅̅6]
D) [35

7. Which of the following is not true for crystallographic axes?

A) They must be parallel to the edges of the unit cell.

B) They must be perpendicular to each other.
C) They must originate at one of the vertices of the cell.
D) They form a right-handed co-ordinate system.

8. X-ray crystallography uses which law for its implementation?

A) Einstein’s law
B) Plank’s law
C) Bragg’s law
D) Compton law

9. How are crystals classified?

 A) According to the place of origin
B) According to the position of the unit cells
C) According to the symmetry of the unit cells
D) According the purity of the unit cells

10. The elements of symmetry in a crystal are:

A) Plane of symmetry
B) Axis of symmetry
C) Centre of symmetry
D) All of the above

11. How many line (plane) symmetry and order of rotational symmetry does the
given figure below has respectively?

A) (3,3) B) (3,2) C) (4,2) D) (1,3)

12. ________________ is a crystal latticein two dimension having 2-fold axes at
lattice points, centers of edges and center of the unit cell with two horizontal and
vertical mirror planes.
A) Rectangular Lattice C) Centered Rectangular Lattice
B) Oblique Lattice D) Square Lattice
13. Most unsymmetrical Bravais lattice in terms of axial distances and angles:
A) Monoclinic C) Rhombohedra
 B) Triclinic D) Hexagonal
14. Most Bravais lattices are of the type:

A) Primitive unit cell C) End centered unit cell

B) Body centred unit cell D) Face centered unit cell

15. Which of the following Bravais lattices exist as face centered unit cells?

A) Orthorhombic C) Tetragonal
B) Monoclinic D) None of the mentioned

16. In which of the following Bravais lattice none of the sides are equal?

A) Triclinic C) Monoclinic
B) Orthorhombic D) All of the mentioned.

17. A combination of 32 point groups together with the translational symmetry

within all the available lattices is __________.
A) Screw axis C) Glide plane
B) Point Group D) Space group
18. The unit cell with a ≠ b ≠ c and α=β=γ=900 refers to__________ crystal system.

A) Hexagonal B) Trigonal C) Triclinic D) Orthorhombic

19. 6/m2/m2/m point group belongs to ___________ Crystal system.

A) Hexagonal B) Trigonal C) Triclinic D) Orthorhombic

20. What is the space group for 2D representation given below?

A) Pm B) P4mm C) Pmm2 D) Cmm2

21. Which of the following is true about Stereographic projection?

A) Stereographic projection is a form of conformal projection in which the angular
relationships in two dimensions are represented in three dimensions.
B) The angle between lines on the surface of the sphere is equal to the angle between
the projections of those lines.
C) Circles (great and small) on the surface of the sphere projected as circles or arc
of a circle on the plane of projection.
D) All except A
22. Which of the following is true about uses of Wulff Net?
A) It can help to find angle between two planes or poles.
B) It is used to know relation between Pole and Trace of a Plane.
C) It is used to measure rotation of poles around axes.
D) All

23. What is a point group of stereographic projection shown below?

A) 2/m B) 4mm C) 3/m D) 3̅
24. What is Point group representation for the given system below?

A) D4h B) C6h C) D3 D) C3h

25. Which one of the following is false about Stereographic Projection of Cubic
Crystal?

A) The cubic crystal possesses a tetrads at {100} planes, diads at {110} planes
and triads {111} planes.
B) The cubic structure is oriented so that the x,y plane lies in the horizontal plane.
C) All poles in a zone are on the same great circle.
D) 4̅2m point group is one of stereographic projection of Cubic crystal.

26. How many octahedral and tetrahedral holes are present per unit cell in a body
centered cubic arrangement of atoms?

A) 8, 4 B) 12,6 C) 4,8 D) 6,12

27. If atom is assumed to be a hard sphere, then the value of lowest APF (Atomic
Packing factor) in metals will be.

A) 0.52 B) 0.74 C) 0.98 D) 0.34

28. What is the percentage of free space in a bcc (body centered cubic) unit cell?

A) 28% B) 34% C) 32% D) 30%

29. Find the diameter of a metal atom in a face-centered cubic lattice, if the edge of
the unit cell is 408 pm.

A) 408 pm B) 288 pm C) 204 pm D) 144 pm

30. The unit cell for tin has tetragonal symmetry, with a and b lattice parameters of
0.583 and 0.318 nm, respectively. If its density, atomic weight, and atomic radius
are 7.30 g/cm3, 118.69 g/mol, and 0.152 nm, respectively, calculate the atomic
packing factor.

A) 0.54 B) 0.74 C) 0.92 D) 1.61

31. How many carbon atoms are present in a unit cell of a diamond?

A) 1 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4

32. Which of the following statements correctly describes the NaCl structure type?

A) NaCl structure is composed of cubic close-packing of Cl– anions with Na+ cations
occupying every octahedral hole, this arrangement of cations and anions results in a
6:6 cation: anion coordination.

B) NaCl structure is composed of cubic close-packing of Cl– anions with Na+ cations
occupying every second tetrahedral hole, this arrangement of cations and anions
results in a 4:4 cation: anion coordination.

C) NaCl structure is composed of hexagonal close-packing of Cl– anions with

Na+ cations occupying every tetrahedral hole, this arrangement of cations and anions
results in a 6:6 cation: anion coordination.

D) None of the mentioned

33. A tetrahedral hole is formed by:

A) Four touching spheres, three of which lie in one plane and the fourth is located
in the dip between them;

B) Six touching spheres, four of which lie in one plane and two other are located
below and above the plane;

C) four touching, coplanar spheres.

D) All of the listed above

34. X-ray crystallography uses which law for its implementation?

A) Einstein’s law

B) Plank’s law

C) Bragg’s law

D) Compton law

35. Calculate the diffraction angle for the sets of a family of planes as {110}. The
lattice parameter for iron is 0.2866 nm, the wavelength of the radiation is of 0.179
nm and the order of reflection is 1.

A) 124.50 B) 1420 C) 900 D) 1350

36. Which of the following arrangements of particles does a simple cubic lattice
follows?

A) ABAB C) ABCABC

B) AABB D) AAA
37.___________is the structure of ZnS in which S ions arranged in lattice point and
Zn ions occupy half of tetrahedral sites.

A) α-ZnS B) β-ZnS C) BaSO4 D) FeS2

th
38. Atoms of element x form a BCC and atoms of element Y occupy ¾ of the
tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound?

A) X2Y3 B) X3Y2 C) X3Y4 D) X4Y3

39. The rectangular plate is deformed into the shape shown by the dashed lines.
Determine the average values of the shear-strain (xy) at corner A.

A) 0.012 B) 0.0067 C) 0.0075 D) 0.054

40. The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the stress element below.
What are principal stresses 1 & 2 respectively?
A) (-15, 69.6) Mpa C) (-69.6, 84.6) Mpa

B) (54.6, -84.6) Mpa D) (-84.6, 54.6) Mpa

41. Based on question number 40, what is the maximum shear stresse?

A) 69.6 Mpa B) -84.6 Mpa C) -69.6 Mpa D) 84.6 Mpa

42. Based on question number 40, what is the value of p?

A) (26.60, 116.60) C) (-34.50, 55.50)

B) (-18.40, 71.60) D) (10.50, 100.50)

43. Using Mohr’s circle, Calculate ϭ1, ϭ2 respectively, in-plane for a given stress
element below?
A) (15, 77.6) Mpa C) (-77.6, 15) Mpa

B) (92.6, -62.6) Mpa D) (62.6, -92.6) Mpa

44. Based on question number 43, what is the maximum shear stresse?

A. (77.6) Mpa B. (15) Mpa C. (92.6) Mpa D. (62.6) Mpa D. (62.6) Mpa

45. Based on question number 43 what is the value of ƟSi?

A) 75.070 B) 14.930 C) 37.50 D) 7.470

46. Given that the single crystal of isotropic α-Fe has Poisson ratio of 0.29.
Calculate the transverse strain ([100] and [010] directions) for uniaxial loading of
50 MPa in the [001] direction.

A) -6.87 x 10-6 C) 6.3 x 10-9

B) 8.0 x 10-5 D) 4.2 x 107

47. The elastic stiffness and compliance tensors are fourth ranked tensor in which
they have 81 elastic components. However, one can reduce the 81 elastic constant
into 21 independent constants. How these 21 independent elastic constants has been
reduced from 81 from:

A) Strain tensor symmetry (Sijkl = Sjikl) C) stress tensor symmetry (Sijkl = Sijlk)

B) Strain energy S ijkl = S klij D) All of the mentioned

48. As the result of symmetry requirements in each crystal structure, the number of
independent elastic constants for orthorhombic crystal structure can be reduced to
___________.

A) 21 B) 9 C) 5 D) 3

49. Calculate the strains in the y directions for the composite subjected to the loading
as shown in the figure. The composite is made of boron-epoxy. Take the data given
for 0 unidirectional E-glass-epoxy as: E11 = 100 Gpa, E22 = 10 GPa, G12 = 6.5 Gpa
and V12 = 0.2.

A) 6.0 x 10-3 B) -7 x 10-7 C) 0 D) 3.4 x 10-5

50. S11, S12 & S44 of tungsten are 0.257, -0.073 & 0.66 (unit: 10-11 m2 /N)
respectively. Which one of the following true about the following Compliance
constants:

A) The material is isotropic crystal C) The material is anisotropic

B) Its Zener’s isotropic factor approach to 1 D) A and B

51. Consider the following statements regarding crystal defects:

1. In metals, a self-interstitial introduces relatively large distortions in the

surrounding lattice because the atom is substantially larger than the interstitial
position in which it is situated.

2. All crystalline solids do not contain vacancies and, it is possible to create such a
material that is free of these defects.

3. Impurity point defects are found in solid solutions, of which there are two types:
Substitutional and interstitial.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A) 1 and 3 only C) 3 only

B) 2 and 3 only D) 2 only

52. Lattice Vacancies are created when certain atoms in a semiconductor are
missing. What is this defect?

A) Tunnel defect C) Frenkel defect

B) Avalanche defect D) Schottky defect

53. Calculate the number of Frenkel defects per cubic meter in zinc oxide at 945°C.
The energy formation of the defect is 350 KJ/mol, and the entropy formation is
5.25R. The density and atomic weight ZnO are 5.55 g/cm3 at (945°C) and 81.38
g/mol. Assume the Frenkel disorder occurs on cation sub-lattice and zinc ions go
into the tetrahedral sites.

A) 3.6 x 107 C) 3.27 x 1023

B) 1.5 x 1020 D) 1.8 x 1021

54. Following is not an effect of defect on properties of crystal.

A) Increase melting point C) Change magnetic strength

B) Change refractive index D) Density decrease

55. The color in solid alkali metal halides appears due to

(a) F-centres

(b) Interstitial positions

(c) Frenkel defect

(d) Schottky defect

56. Which of the following is correct for Burger’s Vector in screw dislocation?

A) Perpendicular to the dislocation line

B) Inclined to the dislocation line

C) Parallel to the dislocation line

D) Opposite to the dislocation line

57. Consider the following statements regarding the behavior of dislocations:

1) Only edge dislocation and mixed dislocation can have glide motion

2) A screw dislocation cannot have glide motion.

3) Dislocation moves in the direction perpendicular to that of shear stress

4) The motion of dislocation occurs on a slip plane that contains Burger’s vector
and a direction vector

58. Which of the above statements are correct?

A) 1,2 and 3 only C) 2,3 and 4 only

B) 1,2 and 4 only D) 1,2,3 and 4

59. Consider a single crystal of some hypothetical metal that has the FCC crystal
structure and is oriented such that a tensile stress is applied along a [1̅02] direction.
If slip occurs on a (111) plane and in a [1̅01] direction, compute the stress at which
the crystal yields if its critical resolved shear stress is 3.42 MPa.

A) 9.87 Mpa B) 18.4 Mpa C) 15.2 Mpa D) 5.3 Mpa

60. Experimental determinations of the concentration of vacancies in copper gave

the values of 8×10-5 980 °C at 16×10-5 1060 °C. From these values, compute the
energy of formation a vacancy in copper.

A) 0.69 ev/atom B) 9.93 ev/atom C) 8.06 ev/atom D) 1.24 ev/atom

61. Which of the following statements best describes the nature of dislocations in
an amorphous material?

A) Amorphous materials cannot contain dislocations.

B) The dislocation density in an amorphous material is normally less than the
dislocation density in a crystalline material with the same composition.

C) The dislocation density in an amorphous material is normally greater than the

dislocation density in a crystalline material with the same composition.

D) A dislocation in an amorphous material must be of the edge type.

62. What are the conventional units of dislocation density?

A) m-2 B) m-3 C) kgm-3 D) kg m-2

63. Suppose a perfect dislocation in FCC dissociates into two partials which have
𝑎
̅̅̅̅] and 𝑎 [112]. Which of the following statement is
their Burgers vector as [211
6 6

correct.

A) Energy of the perfect dislocation is smaller than the sum of energies of the two
imperfect dislocations.

𝑎2
B) The energy associated with each imperfect dislocation is .
3

𝑎
C) The Burgers vector of the perfect dislocation line is [11̅0].
2

𝑎
D) The Burgers vector of the perfect dislocation line is [101].
2

64. The specific indices of the two {111} planes that contain the screw dislocation
𝑎
with the Burgers vector [1̅01].
2

A) ± (111̅) and (1̅1̅1)

B) (1̅1̅1) and (11̅1̅)

C) ± (1̅11) and ± (11̅1̅)

D) ± (111) and ± (11̅1)

65. A dislocation gliding in (111) plane will cross slip to (11̅1) if it encounters an
obstacle such as a precipitates. The possible slip directions available for a dislocation
to cross slip is:

A) [101̅] and [1̅01]

B) [01̅1] and [011]

C) [011] and [110]

D) [1̅10] and [110]

66. Which of the following statement is correct:

(k) Screw dislocations cannot climb.

(L) Screw dislocations cannot cross slip

(M) Edge dislocations cannot climb.

(N) Edge dislocations cannot cross slip

A) K,M C) L,M

B) L,N D) K,M

67. Which one of the following dislocation reactions is NOT feasible in a FCC
crystal?
1 1
A) [11̅0] + [11̅0]  [11̅0]
2 2

1 1 1
B) [1̅01] + [2̅11]  [1̅1̅2]
2 6 6

1 1 1
C) [01̅1]  [12̅1] + [1̅1̅2]
2 6 6
 1 1 1
D) [1̅1̅2] + [110]  [110]
6 3 2

68. _________are planar surface imperfections caused by fault in the stacking

Sequence of atomic layers in crystal.

A) Stacking fault C) Twin boundary

B) Grain Boundary D) Vacancy defect

69. What is an ideal (c/a) ratio for an HCP structure assuming hard sphere atoms?

A) 1.433 B) 1.533 C) 1.633 D) 1.733

70. How many slip systems are available in an HCP crystal?

A) 3 B) 12 C) 15 D) 48

71. What is the closest packed direction in an FCC crystal?

A) [100] B) [112] C) [110] D) [111]

72. A dislocation formed by adding an extra half-plane of atoms to a crystal is

referred to as a (an):

A) Screw dislocation

B) Vacancy dislocation

C) Interstitial dislocation

D) Edge dislocation

73. Which of the following best describes a stacking fault structural defect?

A) A compositional change due to the introduction of impurities during the crystal

growth
B) A disruption to the surface of a crystal resulting in a kink

C) A boundary at the interface between two grains, in a polycrystalline material

D) An interruption of the normal arrangement of atomic layers in a close packed

structure.

74. Which one is true about frank partial dislocation?

A) Formed by inserting or removing one close-packed {111} layer of atoms.

B) Formed by splitting of a perfect dislocation

C) Dislocation can glissile.

D) Frank partial is a screw dislocation.

75. The stacking fault of ferrite stainless steel is greater than that of austenitic
stainless steel.

A) Cross slip of edge dislocations will be difficult in austenitic stainless steel.

B) Ferritic stainless steels will have a wider stacking fault region.

C) Climbing of pure screw dislocations at higher temperature will be easy in

ferritic stainless steel.

D) Screw dislocations will cross slip more easily in ferritic stainless steels.

76. A tetrahedron has height 7.5, and its base triangle has base length 3.4 and
height 6.1. Find the volume of the tetrahedron. Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
 A) 26 cubic centimeters C) 52 cubic centimeters

B) 39 cubic centimeters D) 78 cubic centimeters

77. What is the volume of a tetrahedron with vertices at the points (0,0,0), (2,0,0),
(0,6,0), and (0,0,3)?

A) 2 B) 3 C) 6 D) 12

78. Which of the following crystal structure have relatively lower number of slip
system at room temperature and thus poorer ductility?

A) Face centred cubic packing (FCC) e.g. pure Cu

B) Body centred cubic packing (BCC) e.g. mile steel

C) closely-packed hexagonal (CPH), e.g. Pure Ti

D) None of the above

79. Dislocations are most likely to move through metallic materials due to:
A) The directional bonding associated with metallic structures.

B) Generally longer Burgers vectors associated with this type of bond, which
promote slip occurrence under low applied stresses.

C) Metallic materials having multiple slip directions due to higher close-packed

directions.

D) Metallic structures typically having lower interatomic spacings.

E) None of the above

80. Which of the following is not correct about face-centered cubic crystal
structure.

A) Each unit cell contains 4{111} planes

B) Each {111} plane contains 3<110> directions

C) There are 48 slip system in the unit cell

D) It has ABCABCABC… stacking sequence

81. ____________ are invented notation for more easily describing partial
dislocation.

A) Lomer-cottell locks C) Stacking fault tetrahedral

B) Thomson tetrahedrons D) Stacking fault energy

82. Dislocation slip is most favorable on planes of highest atomic density. These
planes ________

A) Offer least resistance to dislocation motion

B) Are closely spaced planes

C) Are widely spaced planes

D) Have lesser defects compared to other planes

E) Contain the closest-packed directions

83. Grain (crystal) boundaries act as:

A) Preferred slipping B) preferred slipping directions C) A and B only

D) Barriers to slipping/dislocation E) has no effect under normal conditions

84. If the two crystals across a boundary are related to each other by a mirror
reflection, then the boundary is called a ____________.

A) Stacking fault B) Phase boundary C) Twin boundary D) Grain boundary

85. Which of the following is classified as a two-dimensional crystal defect?

A) Vacancy B) edge dislocation C) grain boundary D) Schottky defect

86. Which of the following statements is true about polycrystals?

A) Grain boundaries serve as dislocation motion enhancers.

B) Polycrystals are weaker than single crystals of the same material.

C) Grain boundaries help stop the motion of dislocations.

D) Slip planes & directions are the same for all of the grains in a polycrystal

87. Requirement for cross-slip movement of dislocation

A) Preferred slip plane B) Preferred slip direction C) No preferred slip plane D) No

preferred slip direction

88. Which of the following is false?

A) Line defects are thermodynamically stable

B) Dislocation can end inside a crystal without forming loop

C) ABCABCABC…is stacking sequence for HCP crystal

D) All

89. Conservative movement of dislocations

A) Slip B) Climb C) both slip and climb D) None

90. Stacking fault energies are in the range of:

A) 0.01-0.1 J/m2 B) 0.01-0.1 J/cm2 C) 0.1-10 J/m2 D) 0.1-10 J/m2

91. The atomic planes with the highest planar density in body centered
cubic, face centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed metals are:

A) {110}, {111} and (0001) respectively

B) {111}, {111} and {1000}

C) {110}, {100} and (0001)

D) {100}, {100} and (0001)

92. X-ray diffraction is used for the determination of crystal structures because

A) X-rays can have wave lengths comparable to or shorter than the spacings
between atomic planes
B) X-rays can penetrate thick specimens
C) X-rays are invisible
D) It is easy to focus X-ray

93. Point defects in crystalline metallic materials do not include

A) Cation interstitial
B) Vacancies
C) Self-interstitial
D) Substitutional impurity atoms.
94. A metal with a face centered cubic (FCC) structure is usually more ductile than
a metal with a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure because
a) An FCC structure is denser than a HCP structure
b) An FCC structure has a higher atomic packing factor than a
HCP structure
c) There are more dislocation slip systems in an FCC structure than in an HCP
structure
d) None of the above
95. Which of the following statements is not correct?
A)The diamond can be treated as two identical face-centered cubic structures
with displacement of <111>/4 between the two structures
B) The diamond has a face centered cubic lattice structure
C) The diamond is a stable structure
D) The diamond is the hardest material available in the nature
96. The equilibrium vacancy concentration in a crystalline solid depends on
temperature (T) as:
A) exp (T) B) 1/T C) exp (-1/T) D) - exp (1/T)
97. A twin boundary in a solid is an example of:

A) a line defect B) a planar defect C) A volume defect D) point defect

98. Which of the following is not true about schottky defect:

A) Density of the solid crystal before and after defect remains same.

B) The atoms permanently leave the crystal.

C) Occurs in those ionic crystals where difference in size between cation and anion
is small.

D) Two atoms reduce from the crystal for each Schottky defect.

99. What is the space group for the unit cell given below?

A) P4/mm B) I4/mm C) I4mm D) P4mm

100. Which of the following is true about cubic close-packed structure.

A) Location of the tetrahedral sites {¼, ¼, ¼}, {¾, ¾, ¾}, {¼, ¾, ¼,} +
equivalent sites and octahedral site (½, ½, ½), {0, 0, ½} + equivalent sites within
unit cell.

B) Atomic site or location: (0, 0, 0), {0, ½, ½}+ equivalent sites.

C) The families of close packing directions is 1 1 0 and close packing planes

{111}.

D) All of the mentioned.