*UNIT I -

INTRODUCTION
Testing as an Engineering Activity – Testing as a Process – Testing Maturity Model -Testing
axioms – Basic definitions – Software Testing1 Principles – The Tester’s Role in a Software
Development Organization – Origins of Defects – Cost of defects – Defect Classes – The Defect
Repository and Test Design – Defect Examples – Developer/Tester Support of Developing a Defect
Repository
PART - A
Q.no Questions BTL Competence
1 List out the levels of the testing maturity model. BTL-1 Remembering
 Initialization.
 Definition.
 Integration.
 Measurement and Management.
 Optimization.

2 Define fault and failure. BTL-1 Remembering

It is the incorrect step or process due to which the program or the
software behaves in an unintended manner. Bug is an evidence of
Fault in a program due to which program does not behave in an
intended manner. Failure is an inability of the system or
components to perform its required function
3 What are the sources of defects? BTL-2 Understanding
 Lack of Collaboration.
 Lack of Code Coverage.
 Poor Test Coverage.
 Choosing a wrong Testing Framework.
 Not having a proper Test Reporting System in place.
 Lack of a proper Defect Management Process.
 Not considering real user conditions when testing.
 Test-Driven Development (TDD)

4 Mention the objective of software testing. BTL-1 Remembering

The primary purpose of software testing is to detect flaws at any
step of the development process. The higher the number of issues
detected at an early stage, the higher the software testing success
rate. Bug Prevention: This is the immediate action of bug
discovery, that occurs as a result of bug discovery.
5 Differentiate verification and validation. BTL-4 Analyzing
Verification Validation
It includes checking It includes testing and
documents, design, codes validating the actual
and programs. product.
Verification is the static Validation is the dynamic
testing. testing.
It does not include the It includes the execution of
execution of the code. the code.
6 Mention the role of process in software quality. BTL-4 Analyzing
Process, in the software engineering domain, is the set of methods,
practices, standards, documents, activities, policies, and procedures
that software engineers use to develop and maintain a software
system and its associated artifacts, such as project and test plans,
design documents, code, and manuals.
7 Point out the role of defect Repository. BTL-4 Analyzing
Detecting particular types of defects. The beginning of the
software life cycle is critical for ensuring high quality in the
software being developed. Defects injected in early phases can
persist and be very difficult to remove in later phases.
8 How would you classify the types in defect classes? BTL-3 Applying
As we mentioned before, quality control professionals typically
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2 (a) Describe about the components of software development
process.
Software Processes
3 in Software

Engineering
Software processes in software engineering refer to the
methods and techniques used to develop and maintain
software. Some examples of software processes
include:
 Waterfall: a linear, sequential approach to software
development, with distinct phases such as
requirements gathering, design, implementation,
testing, and maintenance.
 Agile: a flexible, iterative approach to software
development, with an emphasis on rapid prototyping
and continuous delivery.
 Scrum: a popular Agile methodology that
emphasizes teamwork, iterative development, and a
flexible, adaptive approach to planning and
management.
 DevOps: a set of practices that aims to improve
collaboration and communication between
development and operations teams, with an
emphasis on automating the software delivery
process.
Each process has its own set of advantages and
disadvantages, and the choice of which one to use
depends on the specific project and organization.
Software is the set of instructions in the form of
programs to govern the computer system and to
process the hardware components. To produce a
software product the set of activities is used. This set is
called a software process.

Software Development : In this process, designing,

programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing is
done.
Components of Software :
There are three components of the software: These are
: Program, Documentation, and Operating Procedures.
1. Program –
A computer program is a list of instructions that tell a
computer what to do.

2. Documentation –
Source information about the product contained in
design documents, detailed code comments, etc.

3. Operating Procedures –
Set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an
organization to help workers carry out complex
routine operations.
4. Code: the instructions that a computer executes in
order to perform a specific task or set of tasks.
5. Data: the information that the software uses or
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