Cover Page

The cover page needs to be informative and consisting of the following element listed here
I. Name of the institute
II. Name of department
III. Title of the project
IV. Name and personal information of the researcher
V. Adviser
VI. Address of the institute and academic year when the project proposal is submitted

Title Page

It is the second page next to the cover page which includes the title of the project thesis, the full
name of the student researcher, the school of the institute of which the project is submitted and
the degree for which the thesis is presented and the month, year and address of the institution the
paper is submitted.

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Approval Sheet
It is the page immediately after the title page. It includes the name of the institute, the title and
the name of the student researcher. It mainly consists of the approval from the examining board
and members of the advisory committee. The signing of the document occurs after all things are
successfully accomplished including defense. It should be inserted in its proper place for the
actual documentation.

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 TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
INSTITUTE (TVETI)

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

PRODUCTION OF EQUAL ANGLE STEEL COMPONENT BY

ROLLING PROCESS

BY
BAZEZEWAMLAKU

NOVEMBER, 2016
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

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 PRODUCTION OF EQUAL ANGLE STEEL COMPONENT BY
ROLLING PROCESS

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL

EDUCATIONAND TRAINING INSTITUTE FACULTYOF MECHANICAL
TECHNOLOGY
(DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGEREE MASTER OF

SCIENCE IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY MANAGMENT

BY:BAZEZEWAMLAKU
ADVISOR:BINGA CHERNT
CO-ADVISOR:SALE BELAY

NOVEMBER, 2016
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

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 TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND
TRAINING INSTITUTE (TVETI)
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY

PRODUCTION OF EQUAL ANGLE STEEL COMPONENT BY

ROLLING PROCESS

BY

BAZEZEW AMLAKU

APPROVED BY EXAMINING BOARD

Name of advisor Signature Date

----------------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------

Name of Co-Advisor Signature

Date -------------------------- -------------------
-----------------------------------------

Name of examiner, internal Signature Date

----------------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------

Name of examiner, external Signature

----------------------------------------- Date
-------------------------- -------------------

Name of chairpersonSignature Date

----------------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------

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Acknowledgements
The acknowledgement is section where the researcher extends his grants and credit for the
individual and organization that have made significant contribution to the project. The length
depends up on the individual but not exceeding one page. This is the interest of the researcher to
acknowledge what he wants to acknowledge.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

It lists, in alphabetical order, the items first written in the abbreviation or acronyms followed by
the full name in the text.

Abstract

It is a brief informative summary of the project with not more than 300 words. It should include
the research question, the rationale for the research, the general objective, the hypothesis (if any),
the methods and materials, the possible main findings and purpose. Descriptions of the method
include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that were used. Abstract should
be written in one block paragraph.

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Table of Contents

All of the headings and entries in the table of contents should correspond exactly in wording,
font and case with headings or entries as they appear in the text of project. Table of Contents of
the project have to be written properly and topics and sub topics should be numbered and
aligned with the corresponding page numbers. It worth mentioning that the page numbers for
acknowledgement, abstracts, abbreviation, tables and figures, references and appendixes have to
be given in roman numbers. Using the built-in style of Microsoft word or other word processing
is also advisable for the preparation of table of contents. The headings and subheadings should
not be exceeds four level. If contents exceed more than one page, the tile followed by the using
continued in the parentheses must be appearing in pages other than the first page.

Lists of Tables

The title or the name of the tables used in the project should be listed in ascending order. If the
table is extended and excessively long, its place is in the appendices.

Lists of Figures

The title or the name of the figures used in the project should be listed in ascending order.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE
coverpage
Approval Sheet ii
Dedication (optional) iii
Biographical Sketch (optional iv
Acknowledgements v
Acronyms and Abbreviations vi
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii
Lists of Tables ix
Lists of Figures x
CHAPTER ONE
1INTRODUCTION
1 BACK GROUND introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General objective
1.2.2 Specific objective
1.4 Significance of the project
1.5 Scope of the project
1.6 Limitation of the research
1.7. Definition of Terms
1.8 Organization of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Overview of Metals
2.2. Aplication of Metals
2.3.Properties of Metals
Etc.

CHAPTER THREE

Material and method

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CHAPTER FOUR

EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

Appendix

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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction

Introduction is chapter one of the project. Introduction provides relevant information on the
/project. The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context
for the designed project problem. The introduction typically begins with a general statement
of the problem area, with a focus on a specific project problem concentrated on technological,
material, quality, cost(economic aspect),service life and other related concerns
Often introduction incorporates the following parts under it: introduction/background of the
study, statement of the problem, objectives of the research/project, significance, delimitation
(scope of the study), and limitation of the study, definition of terms and organization of the study.

Background

Background deals with how much the research project is widespread and essential. It involves
clarifying out general background information, historical description in brief as well as the
reason why the problem is considered/ selected. Back ground may be about the case factory. This
may include the short history of the factory, structure and entire function of the factory.

Statement of the Problem

Statement of the project is a short statement that gives a short summary on the project topic that
has been identified - not more than one page. It focuses on the new, current and relevant
aspects of the selected topic. It should be noted that the most important aspect of a research
proposal is clarity on the research topic. The chosen topic should be one, which can be

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Investigated through appropriate and valid methods and for which research material is available.
It elaborates and justifies the statement of the problem/s .In the first place, it involves clarifying
statement of the problem of its nature, symptoms, its extent as well as the possible causes and
variables influencing it, thus leading to a clear set of objectives. Secondly it also sketch, research
information to be gathered, question to be answered or the research hypothesis to be developed.
It narrates how the present research/project is similar or different in magnitude and depth from
the other research/project problem done previously. Finally it should indicate research/project
objectives that specify the goals of the research.

. Objectives

Objectives are simply the operationalization of the answer or hypothesis formulated by the
researcher. It is the intellectual activity that the investigator performs throughout the research
process. It states both the general and specific objectives (which are designed based on the main
parts of the work carried out in the project). General objectives should specify what kind of
knowledge and skill the research/project is expected to obtain .It needs to give a clear notion
of what is to be described, determined, identified, and compared in the case of the research with
working hypothesis confined. On the other hand, specific objectives disintegrate and follow from
logically from the general objectives.

Example: General objective of the project: To produce equal angle steel component by
rolling process for corner reinforcement of one stair abuilding.

Specific Objective:
1. To select proper materials for the design component;
2. To analyze the property of the materials selected;
3. To identify factors affecting the rolling process.

Significance

It is concerned with the application of the result of the project. It justifies the importance
and urgency of the project in that it states the use of the project to the beneficiaries and who
will benefit from its result by substantiating the reasons.

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Delimitation /Scope of the project

Delimitation or scope of the project demarcates its boundary in terms of depth. It can restrict the
scope both in geographical and idea coverage for conclusion to be confined in order to provide
a clear focus.

Limitation of the research

Here the external (uncontrollable) variables that challenge the research should be specifies despite
the fact that the researcher tries his/her best in designing it. In general, the justifying factor that
hinders the attainment of objectives fully should be specified. The source can be practical
weakness, lack of access to the right data, sampling restriction, lack of up to date literature and
resource limitation, time boundary and in some cases financial scarcity.

Definition of Terms

Terms as well as variables should be defined clearly to make them operative and consistently
understandable how they are used in the research/project.

Organization of the Study.

It states how the various parts and chapters are organized from preliminary up to the end.

CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review.

Literature Review is chapter two. It provides critical analysis of the relevant existing knowledge
on the research/project. Literature Review helps to sharpen and define understanding of the
existing knowledge in the problem area and makes the reader aware of the status of the issue.
Some literature information can be included in the introduction part relevant to the direction of
the research. Literature review provides the functions that it

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 Ensures that the researcher is in the proper pathway.
 Gives recognitions to those who have laid the groundwork for the designed research project.
 Demonstrates researcher understands of the theoretical and research project issues
related to the research question.
 Shows ability of the researcher to critically evaluate relevant literature information.
 Indicates the researcher ability in integrating and synthesizing the existing literature.
 Provides new theoretical and practical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual
framework for the designed research.

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CHAPTER THREE
Material and Method

Method and material is the subject of chapter three of the research/project. The method section
is very important in that it informs the readers and the research /projects beneficiaries how it was
planned to challenge problems. It provides work plan and describe the activities necessary for the
completion of the project. It exactly describes how the research/project was done, how the data
was recorded and the tools used. This part is the key part to properly complete the
project work. At this point (section), the materials required for the project work (mainly for
technological projects) are to be given with their properties and composition. The method in
general, implementation method and procedures, the equipment, devices, machines, tools and
instruments (especially for technology projects) should be presented briefly with specific
application on the research/project processing. Samples, sampling method (cluster, purposive,
etc.) and sample preparations should be indicated. Size of samples or population has to be
presented here clearly. Sample and sample size determines the quantity required for the
project/research work. It also determines the economic value, the design characteristics and
complexity of the project. Thus clear information about sampling and sample size are
fundamentally important here.

Schematic of this chapter is:

1. Materials (Metals, plastics, composites etc.);

2. Method (Experimental, theoretical, quantitative, qualitative);
3. Machines, Equipment, devices, and tools (lathe machine, grinder, measuring instrument,
thermostat, engine etc.) used on carry out the research or project;
4.Samples and sampling (wires 5metrs, round shape diameter 2.5 mm., steel flat
3mmx4mmx60mm,hose,20 students, etc.).
Photographs, formulas, information from literature review can be used here.
The guiding principle for writing the method and material section is that it should contain
sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology was sound. The part
helps the researcher to demonstrate knowledge and skill of alternative methods and make the
case that the approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address the research
question.
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The method section needs to be more elaborative than what is required for traditional research
project. The project/research may be quantitative and qualitative .In technology projects applied
research, supported with experiment and quantitative analysis is advisable.
For quantitative researches/projects, the method section typically consists of the following to
draw clear, specific, appropriate and credible procedure to achieve the research/project
objectives.
Approach: The classification of educational research poses a difficult problem for different
materials suggest different system of classification. Hence, there is hardly generally accepted
scheme. In practice researches may seem fall under historical research, descriptive (quantitative)
qualitative descriptive and experimental research. The approach undertaken needs to be clearly
indicated.
Design: The type of design which is appropriately selected based on the objectives and available
resource to the research/project problems needs to be explained in detail whether it is a
questionnaire study or a laboratory experiment was undertaken.
Material used: As mentioned above it should describe the type of material used and the clear
justification for using the specified material for the research.
Subjects or participants (samples): the participants of the research need to be specified here.
The researcher is expected to clearly describe the population from where the samples were
derived including the sampling technique and procedure used. The amount, size, and
characteristics of the samples need clarification. In short, subject identifies participant, number
of persons who participated in the study as well as the way how the participants (sample) were
selected.
Instrument equipment, machines, etc.): different kinds of device, equipment, machines used in
research/project and data gathering tools like questionnaires, interview, observation, document
analysis etc. used in the collection of data and information should be discussed along with
justifying the reason for choosing them. It is worth mentioning that the instrument would vary
according to the approach and the design and purpose of the research/project.
Procedure (methodology): it describes the actual steps followed in carrying out the
research/project. It includes the assignment /participation of the subject to the project, the
experimental treatment and the time period. How is the plan to carry out research or project work?
What activities are involved? How long does it take?

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CHAPTER FOUR
Data Collection and Analysis

Data collection and analysis is chapter four. As far as data collection is concerned, it describes
the type of data and information collected and states the procedure followed in collecting it as
has been described in chapter three-method and material. It does not repeat what is depicted in
chapter three; it demonstrates the way and the type of data collected through the justified
procedure that leads to the presentation and analysis of data using the appropriate statistical and
technological tools.

It involves production of collected data and information in the appropriate tables, graphs, chart
and figures using the appropriate statistical method. Here, the analysis should be based on the
design of the research such as quantitative (descriptive survey), qualitative, experimental or
quasi-experimental, comparative data analysis etc.

Analysis of quantitative data should be presented using the most appropriate data analyzing
statistical technique and tools. The researcher should give consideration for the nature and the
choice of the appropriate statistics based on the purpose and the design of the research as well as
the characteristics of the data. Quantitative data are statistical generally in nature.

Analysis of data in qualitative data should be based on the grounded theory, narratives and
discourse analysis. It worth mentioning qualitative data analysis does not occur only at the end,
rather it can be systematically answered and built as successively as pieces of data are started
being gathered. The researched is expected to present clearly the analyzed data in order .Words,
visual items such as artifacts, videos and pictures should be clearly and precisely presented. Data
collected from the in-depth, open-ended interview, observation and written document should be
sifted and analyzed.

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In case of experimental or quasi-experimental research/project design, appropriately justifying
the schematic drawings along with presenting the rational for choosing it is necessary. The
researcher needs to present the particular knowledge and skill obtained from the experiment
focusing on the evidence gained on the specified phenomena. It needs to clarify whether the
particular knowledge/skill claimed about educational or psychological phenomena is true or false
by taking the collected evidence into account. It should also indicate that the experimental result
has a scientific basis and technology transferring characteristics.

In general, analysis is concerned with summarizing what is in the data collected in dependable
and accurate manner. It is the presentation of data in manageable and in interpretable being used
a situating stage for interpretation to and discussion. It is a section that the graduate students are
required to present the data in manageable manner as of the type of the research following the
conventional pattern of academic research and circle. The analysis should be clear to
communicate effectively.
CHAPTER FIVE
Result and Discussion

Result and discussion is chapter five of the project.

Result section presents the data and the statistical analysis without discussion of the implication
of the findings. This may found in chapter four. Key results are summarized and discussed in
detail. Result is an objective report of the real findings without interpretation. Here, the huge data
can be produced /presented in very small sample size studies. The data gained through various
instrument used according to the type of the research needs to be presented. All the relevant
findings whether it substantiate, support or oppose the hypothesis need to be presented in
textual materials, tables and figures.

Discussion part tries to determine the implication of the presented data and information
along with the relation of the findings to the framed hypothesis of the respective research/project.
It involves the interpretation and meaning giving endeavor to the gained result based on the
conceptual base through considering various perspectives. It relies on practical and theoretical
consideration. Restating the result needs to be strictly avoided. The researcher is expected
to

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Clarify whether the hypothesis or the designed objective is supported or rejected based on the
presented findings. The researcher/project developer also needs to logically connect and describe
in great detail what is gained with the previous body of literature and from the experiment
carried out. Indicating and documenting both theoretical and practical application of the
research/project is appropriate and inescapable steps in this section. A brief discussion of the
limitation of the present research is also vital to briefly inform about the future research/project
work.

The interpretation in the discussion part must be made by using multiple methods and multiple
data source to support the strength of justification. The support and the nonsupport of the
hypothesis should be discussed by connecting the result back to the purpose of the study and to
the literature. Here more emphasize must be given to the scientific nature and application of the
obtained result in the world of the work.

CHAPTER SIX
Conclusions and Recommendation

Conclusion and Recommendation is chapter six in the research/project report document. The
researcher needs to reflect the status of the problem whether it is better understood or resolved.
Often conclusion and recommendation are preceded by a brief summary of the major findings
by avoiding the repetition of result. Based on the major findings the researcher is expected to
draw a conclusion by connecting it with various perspectives. Then recommendations would
follow based on the conclusion for future benefit. In the recommendation citation should be
avoided. The remaining part of the research or the findings should be incorporated in the
recommendation. The recommendation can focus from various organizational matter to policy
implication based on the research/project. Limitation of the study should be recognized for
practice.

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 Future work

Here the researcher or project doer can indicate those parts, idea or components, which were not
covered in the existing project or research due to different reasons but to be covered by other scholars
(researchers/project doer) further.

Reference

The reference chapter includes all works cited in the thesis of the research/project. It begins in a
separate page with the label ‘References’ left. It includes the entire document like journal articles, books,
chapters, technical report, computer programs, unpublished works text, governmental reports, non-
governmental reports mentioned in the research. References are arranged (shortlisted) under the chapter
reference corresponding to their number given in the text of the theses as exemplified under the
topic Literature Review above. There are various styles or form of reference .Care must be taken
to follow the style both consistently and exactly. The following are given example to make the reference
citation at ease.

Appendix
Appendix is placed at the end of the work after references. Appendix is a useful part that is
used to put long and detailed information which is not included in the main body of the research.
Appendix may be more than one, which can be put by labeling appendix-A, appendix-B etc.
where each starts in a new page with the label ‘Appendix’. It includes drafts of questionnaires in
various languages, participant informed consent forms, observation checklist, pictures, long and
detailed tables not included in the text, map of the study area, etc. Ethiopian authors name should
be presented as they are occurred in the publication.

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General style followed for reference
Author/authors names
Title of the works
Edition and volume(if books)
Volume (if scientific articles)
Publisher
Place of publisher
Year of publisher
Page number
Paper specification and formatting

Item Guidelines

Color Black

Size 21cm*29.7cm(A4)

Left margin 1.25 inch

Right 1 inch

Top 1 inch

Bottom 1 inch

Spacing between the lines 1.5

Spacing between paragraphs 6 point before and after

Font size text 12

Font type Times new romans

Font style Regular

Table caption Above the table center

Figure caption Below the table center

Breaking words on 2 lines Not allowed

Font size for headings 1,2,3 14,13,12 respectively

Title of preliminaries and chapter Bold ,upper case, center

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