GROUP_13_THESIS_1[1]

BSC THESIS
ASSESSMENT OF FACTOR CAUSING OF POOR QUALITY IN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AROUND IN WOLKITE
UNIVERSITY
Submission Date 09/10/2014E.C
Wolkite ,Ethiopia
ASSESSMENT ON FACTOR CAUSING OF POOR QUALITY IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF

CONSTRICTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT FIFTH YEAR GROUP 13
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
ADVISED BY M.r BIZUAYEHU MEKONEN
RESEARCH TITLE
ASSESSMENTS FACTOR ON CAUSING THE POOR QUALITY BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION IN WKU
GROUP #13 NAME ID.NO
1. DENEKE HAILE……............................................................................ENGR/1071/10
2. MUKTAR ENDRIS…...........................................................................ENGR/682/10
3. FREHIWOT ZEWDE...........................................................................ENGR/399/10
4. YOSEGH DENDIR ….......................................................................ENGR/1038/10
5. RADIA DESSIE ……….……………………………………………..ENGR/707/09
Submission Date 09/10/2014E.C

Submitted to Mr. BIZUAYEHU
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DECLARATION
We declare that this thesis entitled “Assessment factor causing of Poor-Quality in Building
Construction in Wolkite university: .this is our original work. This thesis has not been presented
for any other university and is not concurrently submitted in the candidature of any other degree,
and that all sources of material used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged.
Approved by examiners
1. --------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------
Advisor Signature Date
2. -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------
Examiner 1 Signature Date
3. ------------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------
Examiner 2 Signature Date
4. Chairperson ----------------------------- ----------------------
Signature Date
Students’ name Signature Date

1. DENEKE HAILE ----------------------------- ----------------------
2. FREHIWOT ZEWDE --------------- ---------------
3. MUKTAR ENDRIS ------------------- ----------------------
4. RADIA DESSA ----------------- ----------------------
5. YOSGH DENDIE ---------------------- ----------------------
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to thank the Almighty God, who gave us the commitment and tolerance
to pass various obstacles and come up with the accomplishment of this thesis.
Secondly, we would like to express our gratitude to all those who have been a constant source of
encouragement in bringing this thesis. We are expressing our deepest appreciation and thanks to
our advisor, Mr. Buzayehu (MSc). For his valuable advice and suggestions, timely comments, and
guidance throughout the work of this thesis.
Last but by no means least, we would also like to express our sincere and heartfelt gratitude to our
parents for their encouragement and financial supports all beloved family and friends,
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CONTENTS
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iii
AGRONOMY ................................................................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................... viii
1. CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the study ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the problem .................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.3.1. General objective of the study.................................................................................................. 2
1.3.2. Specific objective of the study .................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Research questions .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Scope of the Study .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.6 Significant of the study ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.7 Limitation of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.8. The thesis organization ...................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Theoretical Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1 Quality......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2 Quality in Construction Projects .............................................................................................. 5
2.2.3 Stakeholder Involvement and Quality of Building Construction Project ...................... 6
2.2.4 Project Funding and Quality of Building Construction Project ............................................ 7
2.2.5 Construction Materials Management and Quality of Building Construction Project ........ 8
2.2.6 Project Management Ability and Quality of Building Construction Project ....................... 9
2.3 Empirical Review of Literature......................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Conceptual Framework of the Study ................................................................................................ 13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 Study Area ........................................................................................................................................ 15
3.3 Targeted Population .......................................................................................................................... 16
3.4 Sample Size and Determination ........................................................................................................ 16
3.5 Research Design................................................................................................................................ 17
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3.6 Source of Data................................................................................................................................... 18

3.6.1. Primary Data ........................................................................................................................... 18
3.6.2. Secondary Data ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.7 Method of Data Collection................................................................................................................ 18
3.8 Research Approach ........................................................................................................................... 19
3.9 Data Analysis Methods ..................................................................................................................... 19
4. CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................................... 20
RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 20
4.2 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3 General Background Information about the Respondents ................................................................ 20
4.4 Response Rate ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.4.1 Positions of Respondents ......................................................................................................... 22
4.4.2 Work Experience of Respondents........................................................................................... 22
4.5 Factors Influencing Poor Quality at Construction Projects ............................................................... 24
4.6 measurement to be taken to minimize the effect of poor quality material ........................................ 30
4.6 Discussion on Measures to be taken to minimize the effects of poor-quality material ......... 30
4.7 Responsibility of stake holders ......................................................................................................... 32
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................... 34
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 34
5.2 Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 35
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 36
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List of Figure
Figure 1 Conceptual Frame Work (adopted and modified from Adenuga, 2013) ........................ 14
Figure 2 WKU Gogeel map .......................................................................................................... 15
Figure 3 the overall research design ............................................................................................. 17
Figure 4 Work Experiences of Respondents ................................................................................. 23
Figure 5 measurement to be taken to minimize the effect of poor quality material ..................... 30
List of Table
Table 1 Quality Problems Factors................................................................................................. 12
Table 2 1 number of questioners distributed................................................................................. 20
Table 3 Response Rate of Questionnaire ...................................................................................... 21
Table 4 Respondent’s firm level ................................................................................................... 21
Table 5 Positions of Respondents ................................................................................................. 22
Table 6 Factor on causing poor quality of building construction categories ................................ 23
Table 7 Ranking of management related factors .......................................................................... 24
Table 8 ranking of technical related factors .................................................................................. 26
Table 9 ranking of material related factors ................................................................................... 27
Table 10 ranking of labor related factors ...................................................................................... 28
Table 11 ranking of equipment related factors ............................................................................. 28
Table 12 ranking of environment related factors .......................................................................... 29
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AGRONOMY
WKU =WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
II =IMPORTANT INDEX
RII =RELATIVE IMPORTAN INDEX
SNNP= SOUTH NATION AND NATIONALITY PEOPLE
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ABSTRACT
Abstract—Quality, in construction projects should be regarded as the fulfillment of expectation of
those contributors involved in such projects. The quality of the construction process is the quality
of integrated action due to human, material, machinery, process methodology and work
environment, also known as process quality. This paper describes the findings of an ongoing
research project, presents the important factors that have significant affect on the quality of
building construction project in wku. The aim of this research is to assist all stakeholders to plan
effectively before starting a project by creating awareness and paying enough attention to
minimize the quality problems and eliminate extra costs incurred to make corrective actions. In
this research, questionnaire survey is launched to experienced engineers and construction
contractors for identifying factors that cause poor quality for improving it on future construction
projects. Top ten factors causing poor quality are identified by industrial recommendations. As a
result, the most influenced factors are lack of quality department, lack of training courses for labor,
lack of skilled labor, lack of quality policy, lack of systematic time schedule, low affective project
management system, low income level and wages of labor, lack of skill and experience of
supervision and contractor staff, lack of contractor supervision and inadequate inspection.
Keywords—Management, Material, Human Skill, Machine, Environment, Quality Standard.
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1. CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
The construction industry is an industry, which involved in the planning, execution, and evaluation
(monitoring) of all types of civil works. The Construction Industry can be categorized into three
major sectors; namely, Transport and Communication (Road, Railway, Airway, and
Telecommunication related physical works); Water Works and Energy; and Buildings and Other
Physical Infrastructures. The capital budget requirements of each of the categories vary extensively
depending on the focus of the economical trend required for the nation's development. Among
those categories of the construction industry, our thesis focuses on building construction. The
building is a structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and a part
thereof whether used as human habitation or not. Construction is where our designs are put into
practice and the owner starts paying. No matter how good the design is, it is only as good as what
the construction stage of the processes makes it.
This sector has several works steps such as the initiation stage, design stage, construction process,
supervision stage, completion stage, evaluation stage, and closeout of the project. To get an
objective the processes should be managed and controlled effectively and efficiently. Project
management is the application of knowledge, skill, tool, and techniques to project activities to
meet project requirements. Project management is accomplished through the application and
integration of the project management process of initiating, planning, executing, and monitoring
and controlling, and closing.
The project management starts at project development and ends at project completion. Improper
management leads the project to claims mostly caused by the defect of the building it occurs by
using poor quality material and by other faults. Construction projects are designed and planned
with different functions and required standard quality. Therefore, projects are pre-established in
quality, budget, and time; to maintain these stipulated factors proper management is required. The
project manager should have enough knowledge of modern construction hence he/she can easily
forecast the possible obstacles that affect the required quality of the building by checking the
standards and project specification of the material and the progress of the project to be completed
within the limited time.
Construction projects may not go smoothly as planned due to uncertainties about events in future
shortages and the increase of cost in construction material which leads to the use of poor-quality
that does not qualify the specification of the material, which are the major cause of claims in
building construction.
Using defective materials can be the cause of many construction defects in structure an example
could be a building built with defective roofing materials that allow water to leak into the structure.
(Abdul Razzak Rumane,& Boca Raton, 2018)
In many instances the failure of buildings in an earthquake has been attributed to substandard
materials, poor quality of construction, poor workmanship, e. g., inadequate skill in bonding,
absence of thorough stones or bonding units, and improper and inadequate construction. If it is not
constructed properly or if wrong materials are used, the house may injure or kill people when
outside forces impact it (Chung, 1999). (Vadivel, 2016)
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1.2 Statement of the problem

Poor construction quality constitutes major challenges, requiring rapid and positive attention from
stakeholders. Standards are not adhered to, and construction clients are, many a times, dissatisfied
with projects done. Stakeholders in the building construction industry have different perception of
quality standards; this has adversely affected quality standards in the industry. Major cause of
building cracking in Wolkite university is lack of adherence to standards. Barriers exist that hinders
the adherence to quality standards in the Ethiopian construction industry construction industry
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.3.1. General objective of the study

The general objective of this study is to assess the factor cause of poor-quality in building
construction in Wolkite university
1.3.2. Specific objective of the study
❖ To assess the major factor causing of poor-quality in building construction.

❖
To identify the responsible stakeholder for such poor-quality material effects.
❖
To determine the way to overcome the impact of poor-quality material in building
construction.
1.4 Research questions

❖ What are the major cause of poor-quality used in building construction?
❖ What kind of measures will be taken to overcome the effects of poor-quality material used in
building construction??
❖ Who is responsible for such poor-quality material effects?
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited to construction companies for reducing the impact of poor-quality
in building construction in wolkite university based on literature review, personal interview and
questionnaires were design and distributed for Wolkite university for, construction contractors,
technical professionals and for consultants.
1.6 Significant of the study
The study will enable the stakeholders, as the quality of the building materials become poor in
quality different considerable defects like cracks, crushes, collapse/demolishes will happen on the
building and those different defects affect the vision on the building and it affects the aesthetics
and the overall structural defect for the building so this thesis will emphasize to reduce the impact
of poor- quality in building construction The general public will benefit from the findings of the
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study because the building owners and the occupants are assured and guaranteed of the safety of
lives and properties in their respective buildings so the buildings are built to good quality of the
material. There will also be a good condition of shelter with reduced risk of hazards, adequate
security, and comfort of a well designed and constructed building in the situation. Used us a guide
line or source for other researchers.
1.7 Limitation of the Study

While performing our research we expecting that the research is limited by only one factor. these
factor is this study is not broad scope only this campus not include the other area.
1.8. The thesis organization

The study is organized into five chapters. The first chapter, which is the general introduction,
covers the background to the study, problem statement, objectives of the study, research questions,
scope and limitation of the study, and organization of the study. This is followed by chapter two
which reviewed extensive related literature on the subject matter. Chapter three covers the work
methodology for the study. It comprises sources of data, methods of study. The result and
discussion are contained in chapter four. The last chapter which is chapter five contains the
conclusion and recommendation for this research.
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction
This section covers review literature of different scholars and authors that have been reviewed in
the area of construction projects with special focus on factors affecting quality of construction
projects. It deals with both theoretical and practical findings of various researcher’s concepts
related to quality, quality in construction projects and factors affecting quality of construction
projects. It deals with the review of related literature gathered from different secondary sources
such as published books, articles and related websites. In this regard, efforts were exerted to
include as much significantly related literatures as possible by reviewing available documents that
exhibits points, targeting at the attainment of the research objectives.
2.2 Theoretical Literature Review

2.2.1 Quality
The success of a project found in the literature depends on the project quality as a key concept
(Romeo et al., 2014). (Arditi and Gunaydin, 1998) define the concept of quality as meeting the
legal, aesthetic, and functional requirements of a project. (Eng and Yusof, 2003) explain quality
as both a philosophy and a set of guiding principles that represents a continuously improving
organization.
Quality can be translated into the quality dimensions that include: levels of quality, reliability and
safety, quality performance, durability, and serviceability (Mc Goerge and Plamer, 2000); (Luu
et al., 2008); Wanberg et al., 2013). (Jung and Wang, 2006) argue that it is the role of management
to ensure the achievement of established requirements in a project as competition increases and
change occurs in the business world. Understanding how closely the project conforms to its
requirements, a high quality project can be described by such terms as ease in understanding
drawings, level of conflict in drawings and specifications, construction economy, ease of
operation and maintenance, and energy efficiency (Arditi and Gunaydin, 1997). According to (Al
Nofal et al., 2005), quality requires radical change to traditional management practices. Quality
is one of the most complex practices for any company; it requires implementing a new way of
managing business and culture which not only affects the whole organizational process and
employees but also the allocation of significant resources (Santos et al., 2002; Jung et al., 2009).
Quality needs control which is the specific implementation of the quality assurance program.
Effective control for quality reduces the possibilities of change, mistakes and omissions, which in
turn result in fewer conflicts and disputes. Most of the engineers and architects were in total
control during the design phase. During the construction phase, they carried out a role described
as “supervision,” insuring that the owner received his money’s worth in terms of quality. Recently,
owners became increasingly concerned with cost and schedule, areas where design professionals
were not providing good control. Engineers and architects must work together to achieve specified
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goals of quality and liability control, recognizing that each person and each activity affects and in
turn is affected by others. As competition increases and changes occur in the business world,
companies look for high levels of effectiveness across all functions and processes and choose
quality management as a strategy to stay in the business.
2.2.2 Quality in Construction Projects

In a construction project, quality management has been widely used by world-class companies to
ensure successful projects delivery (Ahmed, S.M., 2012). The interactions and interrelationships
between key participants (e.g. the client, the architect, and the contractor) largely determine the
overall performance of the construction project. Notwithstanding this mutual dependency, the
performance of individual participants remains important because the overall performance is a
function of the performance of each participant (Lianying and Weijie, 2013).
According to (Arditi and Gunaydin, 1997; Turk, 2006; Hiyassat, 2000), quality in the construction
industry can be defined as meeting the requirements of the designer, constructor and regulatory
agencies as well as the owner. Based on the three studies above, quality can be characterized based
on meeting the requirements of the owner (e.g. functional adequacy, completion time, budget; and
lifecycle costs), design professional (e.g. well-defined scope, qualified staff, adequate information
prior to design, provisions for decisions by owner and design professional, and contracting to
perform work), constructor (e.g. contract plans, specifications, timely decisions, and contracting
to perform work), and regulatory agencies (e.g. public safety and health, environmental
considerations, protection of public property, and laws and regulations). Moreover, one should
also differentiate between product quality (the physical product itself) and the process quality (the
activities that causes the product to be either acceptable or not) in a project (Culp et al., 1993).
For example, “product quality” in the construction industry may refer to achieving quality in the
materials, equipment and technology that go into a structure building, where “process quality”
may refer to achieving quality in the way the project is managed in the three main phases of
construction process which are planning and designing phase, construction phase, and operation
and maintenance phase (Burati and Oswald, 1993; Arditi and Gunaydin, 1998; Lai and Cheng,
2003).
The construction industry and its quality presently are facing urgency of shaping a sustainable
construction process (Zhai et al., 2014). The role of quality in construction has been emphasized
by the use of various aspects of quality tools and techniques (Metri, 2005). Many organizations
are frustrated in their effort to improve quality because these companies have exclusively focused
on financial measures instead of quality measures (Torbica and Stroh, 1999; Sharmma and
Gudanne, 2002). Construction firms, therefore, need to understand the quality factors for their
success in order to establish quality factors for construction firms (Saeed and Hasan, 2012).
Although quality has been widely implemented in the Japanese construction industry since the
1980s and in the American construction field since the 1990s, it has not yet been implemented
successfully in developing countries (Abdel-Razek, 1998; Kazaz et al., 2004; Abdel-Salam and
Gad, 2009).
Many studies have demonstrated that project management action is a key element in achieving
quality in construction. The success of quality management depends heavily on management
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practices. These practices include: motivation by the contractor’s senior management,

commitment of top managers to site management (Abdel-Razek, 1998), and integration of
continuous improvement activities into the strategic goals across the whole organization, across
boundaries and at all levels. Contractors, for example, need to define their objectives by creating
a harmony through mutual co-ordination among all parties (Asim et al., 2013).
Factors affecting the cost and quality of construction were studied by (Jamaludin, et al., 2014),
they include fraudulent practices and kickbacks; incorrect planning; level of competition; number
of competitors; lack of coordination between designers and contractors; poor financial control on
site; wastage on site; previous experience of contractor and frequent design changes. According
to (Kazaz and Birgonul, 2005; Turk, 2006; Haseeb et al., 2011), construction firms have some
deficiencies in getting stability in a quality concept when their business structures use temporary
labors and change their location constantly and consequently. Furthermore, construction projects
are widely seen as unpredictable in terms of delivery time, budget, profitability, and the standards
of quality expected (Love et al., 2000). Some differences must be considered when applying a
quality program to construction projects (Arditi and Gunaydin, 1998; Pheng and Teo, 2004;
Romeo et al., 2014). These differences illustrate that almost all construction projects are single
order-production products, each construction production site always displays different conditions;
the lifecycle of a construction project is much longer than the lifecycle of most manufactured
products, and there is no uniform standard in evaluating overall construction quality. Thus,
construction projects usually are evaluated subjectively, and the participants in the construction
project (e.g. owner, designer, general contractor, subcontractor, material supplier, etc.) differ for
each project.
2.2.3 Stakeholder Involvement and Quality of Building Construction Project

Stakeholder Management is about connections between an organization and their groups intrigued
or partners. These connections influence the people and their associations that could be certain,
or impact any fruitful venture. Along these lines, the Stakeholders from any venture ought to be
required by the associations with the standpoint to minimize the negative effects and ensure that
there are no hindrances in the method for a fruitful venture. Stakeholder administration
concentrates on comprehension stakeholder’ needs and desires, tending to issues as they happen,
overseeing clashing interests and encouraging suitable stakeholder engagement in venture choices
and exercises (Seddon, 2008).
As demonstrated by (Aliverdi, Naeni and Salehipour, 2013), materials speak to a noteworthy
segment of things and project costs. The cost characterized as materials incorporate between 20-
half of the total wander cost and every so often more. A couple thinks about assumed that materials
speak to around 50-60% of the wander cost. Better material organization practices could
consequently extend capability in operations and reduce general cost (Hwang and Ng, 2013). Beat
organization and wander proprietors should give watchful thought to material organization
because of material insufficiencies, high advance charges, increasing expenses of materials, and
competition. There is a creating care in the advancement business that material organization ought
to be tended to as an expansive composed organization activity.
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Given the developing number of stakeholders and their numerous variable desires, the contrasting
desires of partners can't be accomplished in the meantime. It is consequently critical to deal with
the continually moving harmony between the interests of stakeholders. The Stakeholder
management ought to incorporate the administration of their connection with the venture and the
association keeping in mind the end goal to bolster their destinations. In this sense, they ought
to make a positive situation in which to build up a firm trust in each other (Deng, T., & Zhou, X.,
2010).
Besides, the way that stakeholders are rapid and their impacts on the venture change after some
time contingent upon the issues being considered, can prompt to instabilities in any venture if the
stakeholders and their needs and potential impact are not deliberately identified and oversaw
(Deng, T., & Zhou, X., 2010). The inability to recognize the worries of restricting outside
stakeholders will bring about a drawn out and deferred arranging and plan due to the consolidated
powerbase of contradicting stakeholders conflicting with the advance of the venture as an
aftereffect of saw non-contribution and thought of their interests (Olander, 2007). It is important
that the dynamism of partners' advantage has brought about deferrals in the arranging and usage
of some significant development projects.
2.2.4 Project Funding and Quality of Building Construction Project

Project funding was defined by (Finnety, 2009) as rising of funds to finance an economically
separable capital investment project, which the providers of funds look essentially to the income
from the project as the wellspring of assets to benefit their advances and give the profits of value
put resources into the project. Advance, (Matesehe, 2013) characterize extend funding as funding
a specific monetary unit in which a bank is fulfilled to look at first to the income and profit of that
monetary unit as the wellspring of assets from which an advance will be reimbursed and to the
benefits of the financial unit as the security for the advance.
Funding of development projects is subsequently anticipated that would be a monetary
speculation. In an economy of a nation, development industry helps in making riches and business
openings (Olatunji, 2010). It assembles and additionally grow foundation that encourages the
administration business. Along these lines it can goad monetary development no matter how you
look at it. Encourage, in an improvement of any nation, the development business assumes
fundamental parts in changing the goals and the requirements of its kin into reality by actualizing
different physical structures (Ahmed, 2010). In that capacity, government offices organize
interests in development projects.
As a development project is a speculation that ought to at last bode well, there is thusly the
requirement for the development experts to offer unmistakable arrangements as far as defeating
development delays. Projects are key exercises started to make monetary esteem and upper hand
(Shenhar et al., 2010). Key to funding tasks is supportability. The conventional types of funding
tasks have been value and obligation. However, in the later past imaginative methods for funding
projects have come up and these incorporate uncommon projects vehicle, investment and so on
development tasks are additionally subsidized by multilateral bodies and outside guide.
The cost characterized as materials incorporate between 20-half of the total wander cost and every
so often more. A couple thinks about assumed that materials speak to around 50-60% of the
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wander cost. Better material organization practices could consequently extend capability in
operations and reduce general cost (Hwang and Ng, 2013). Beat organization and wander
proprietors should give watchful thought to material organization because of material
insufficiencies, high advance charges, increasing expenses of materials, and competition. There
is a creating care in the advancement business that material organization ought to be tended to as
an expansive composed organization activity. (Olatunji, 2010) states that groups in the
development part work in a globalized advertise, with vast project groups and jointed tasks with
universal organizations in which they show social contrasts, proficient morals and diverse
thoughts regarding how to direct business.
2.2.5 Construction Materials Management and Quality of Building Construction Project

The prerequisites for a fruitful administration framework structure is obligatory in any
improvement amplify. A number of organizations have expanded the productivity of their
activities with a particular true objective to remain engaged and secure future work. Huge change
and cost save assets would give off an impression of being possible through enhanced materials
organization. Perfect openness of materials and structures are vital to productive advancement
(Enshassi, Mohamed and Abushaban, 2009). Materials organization limits are consistently
performed on a partitioned commence with immaterial correspondence and no unmistakably
settled obligations doled out to the proprietor, master or legally binding labourer. As
demonstrated by (Aliverdi, Naeni and Salehipour, 2013), materials speak to a noteworthy segment
of things and project costs. The cost characterized as materials incorporate between 20-half of the
total wander cost and every so often more. A couple thinks about assumed that materials speak to
around 50-60% of the wander cost. Better material organization practices could consequently
extend capability in operations and reduce general cost (Hwang and Ng, 2013). Beat organization
and wander proprietors should give watchful thought to material organization because of material
insufficiencies, high advance charges, increasing expenses of materials, and competition. There
is a creating care in the advancement business that material organization ought to be tended to as
an expansive composed organization activity.
While clearly materials should be procured at the most insignificant cost possible to give hold
assets to the association, the nature of the materials used will in like manner inside and out effect
the way of the improvement expand (Fisk and Reynolds, 2011). Material testing is principal in all
endeavours, particularly the building parts. This is in light of the fact that a wrong examination of
a material would finally be dangerous to people and the earth since it will lead to construction of
poor quality structures that may collapse causing danger to both people and earth. Improvement
associations have since a long time back experienced an extension in costs and a lessening in
effectiveness. Proprietors of these associations frequently envision that these additions in cost are
a direct result of swelling and money related issues. Regardless, investigate shows that material
organization has been an issue of stress in the advancement business. 40% of the time lost adjacent
can be credited to repulsive organization, nonattendance of materials when required, poor
unmistakable confirmation of materials and lacking stockpiling (Fewings, 2013).
Materials are essential in the operations in every industry since unavailability of materials can
stop era. Besides, of materials when required can impact effectiveness, cause deferrals and
possible suspension of activities until the required material is available. Detachment of materials
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is by all record by all account not the only point of view that can achieve issues. Over the top
measures of materials could moreover make real issues to chiefs. Limit of materials can construct
the costs of era and the total cost of any wander (Fisk and Reynolds, 2011). Exactly when there
are obliged domains open for limit, the directors need to find diverse different choices to store the
materials until they are required. Some of these decisions may require retreatment of materials,
which will construct the costs associated with them. Plans should be gotten a handle on to handle
and store the materials enough when they are gotten. Remarkable thought should be given to the
surge of materials once they are secured from suppliers (Aliverdi, Naeni and Salehipour, 2013).
(Enshassi, Mohamed and Abushaban, 2009) concentrating on components influencing the
execution of development undertakings in the Gaza strip found that the most imperative elements
concurred by the proprietors, advisors, and contractual workers as influencing the execution of
development activities were material costs and quality and accessibility of assets.
2.2.6 Project Management Ability and Quality of Building Construction Project

The capability of the project manager in project usage will likewise influence the consummation
of a project. For instance, viable observing and criticism by the project head, extend administrators
specialized capacity, initiative nature of the project supervisor, compelling checking and input by
the project partners. Power to take everyday choices by the project chiefs' group at site. Besides,
the achievement of project relies on the viability of the project group in dealing with the procedure
(Olatunji, 2010). This shows satisfactory limit of the project supervisor and the project group to
guarantee appropriate assessment and examination of work done nearby.
As indicated by (Daft, 2010), extend administration is the fulfillment of hierarchical objectives in
a powerful and effective way through arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling authoritative
assets. (Usman, Kamau and Mireri, 2014) included that the developing many- sided quality of
the building business calls for expanded adequacy in the arranging and control of activities. Be
that as it may, development strategies utilize a scope of conventional to present day systems to
address customer's issues in view of worldwide monetary advancement. As a consequence of
populace blast and proceeded with interest for new sorts of structures, there is the requirement
for expert specialists who are versed in project development frameworks.
(Wambugu, 2013) deduced in a study that lacking supervision and review of work in development
extend prompted to improve in cases of poor workmanship and this prompted to postpone in
project convenient finishing. This additionally prompts to project cost overwhelm and may result
to project failure. Lacking site review is one of the variables recognized as creating project delays
in opportune culminations as per (Jagboro and Aibinu, 2010). Mojahed in study completed in
2013 states that events of adjust are basically ascribed to inept specialists on account of inadequate
working abilities and information of drawings or to awkward directors in light of absence of
experience prompting to insufficient supervision.
Extend administration as noted by (Fapohunda and Stephenson, 2010) is the indispensable of the
whole development extend capacities which incorporate coordination of subcontractors, booking,
cost control, work connection, charging, acquiring, exhausting, and different capacities identified
with the project. In Construction Company, extend chief is responsible for these capacities. The
utilization of project development systems is imperative in the development business, on the
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grounds that the coordination and utilization of the numerous sorts of work, abilities, materials,
and types of gear which are utilized as a part of development require day by day use of legitimate
project development procedures (Phua and Rowlinson, 2010).
The administrative framework is basically worried with basic leadership for arranging and
controlling authoritative attempt. The administrative subsystem can be viewed as spreading over
the whole association by relating the association to the earth, setting the objectives, creating
complete vital, and operational arrangements, planning the structure and building up control forms
(Kast and Rosenzweig, 2011). A necessary component of the administrative undertaking is
authoritative basic leadership picking a general system, setting particular goals, outlining
structures and procedures, selecting individuals, assigning duty, assessing comes about and
starting changes.
(Sidwell, 2012) pushed that the level of project administration activities can be reflected in the
range and kind of control instruments set up for the specific issue. Toward one side of the range
will be a low control circumstance, where neither one of the professional’s outline group,
drawings, determinations, documentation nor standard type of agreement exist. Minor works may
fall into this class. Then again a high control circumstance may exist if point by point
documentation is directed through an arrangement of standard meeting, observing and reviews.
(Sidwell, 2012) presumed that administrative control (classed as project administration
activities) is a key component in making project progress, being altogether identified with all
measures of accomplishment. (Ireland, 2013) discovered comparable results for administrative
activity. (Rowlinson, 2008) inferred that abnormal state of authoritative capacity in the venture
group prompts to decreased time overwhelms, which thus prompts to expanded fulfillment.
Expanded many-sided quality, instability, and time weight in development projects have
expanded the requirement for participation among various project on-screen characters (Anvuur
and Kumaraswamy, 2007). Generally, connections are, be that as it may, extremely focused and
ill-disposed in the development business, which to an expansive degree is because of the standard
acquisition methodology conceivably bringing on numerous issues in all phases of the purchasing
procedure. Along these lines, keeping in mind the end goal to exploit cooperation, obtainment
systems are one key change zone and can contribute generously to venture achievement (Eriksson,
2007). Escalated correspondence is a focal calculate driving and coordinating individuals and
taking choices to make a fruitful venture (Laufer et al., 2009). In this manner, there is a need to
build up a powerful data framework for development extends so that each privilege and
concerned individual can get to and share thoughts. All the more extensively, shared extend vision
is inconceivable when there is poor correspondence among venture partners. As individuals turn
out to be better educated and more mindful of what is going on in their project, they will turn
out to be more included and resolved to venture's advance, and as a result, turn out to be better
roused (Clarke, 2009). Notwithstanding research extension and setting, participation is reliably
credited to be an imperative determinant of development venture achievement (Phua and
Rowlinson, 2010). Visit advance gatherings are, along these lines, inescapable. What is going on
is imparted to the gatherings. At that point, remedial and preventive activities are auspicious
connected to guarantee great project execution. Legitimate project observing and control
framework is unthinkable without powerful advance gatherings. A project has an opportunity to
be finished effectively when the project plans are overhauled frequently. Additionally, keeping in
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mind the end goal to guarantee extend achievement, the arrangements should be kept
straightforward, with the right level of detail that can urge a project to be evaluated promptly
(Clarke, 2009).
Group inclusion is another consider the correspondence segment. It has been observed to be a
critical figure past studies (Awakul and Ogunlana, 2010). Huge scale development activities are
typically laden with discussion. Along these lines, a strong and comprehension group is essential
for smooth usage. This can't be accomplished unless the project data is shared satisfactorily. (Yeo,
2012) noticed that a huge framework extend needs support and comprehension from the group
influenced by the project, particularly amid the development time frame. He included that
overseeing open responses and conclusions and comprehension open states of mind are a basic
part of the project development obligation. It is then key that the venture members ought to
honestly share the project data and get distinctive open points of view with respect to their
project.
2.3 Empirical Review of Literature

The empirical literature provides empirical evidences of factor affecting quality in construction
projects. Additionally, at the end of this section the conceptual framework of this study is
presented. In construction projects, there is a need for a framework for evaluating quality to
assist construction clients in selecting quality-oriented organizations that will provide higher
quality products and processes within budget and on schedule (Idrus and Sodangi, 2010; Dina et
al. (2010). (Porter and Parker, 1993) stated that in managing quality, some organizations focus
on specific areas such as training, leadership, and benchmarking while others take a holistic
approach for quality factors.
(Haupt and Whiteman, 2004) have conducted a study in the USA through a literature review and
a survey of contractors to identify factors (e.g. management commitment and involvement,
customer satisfaction, planning, participative management style, continuous improvement
measurement, rewards for quality contribution, and training of workers) affecting the operations
of a construction jobsite.
(Pheng and Hong, 2005) have done a study in Singapore which involved the participation of
project managers in the construction industry. A survey was used and the respondents generated
eight factors and the relative importance of each factor was determined. For example, the first
factor in order of priority was total commitment. Second, was strategic quality management, and
followed by customer-driven service, eliminating rework, teamwork, and training, empowering
and respecting people.
Furthermore, (Lam et al., 2008) have explored the extent of quality in Hong Kong large-sized
public building contractors. They concluded that the contractors should pay more attention first
to the factors of strategic planning, human resources management, and leadership in order to attain
the goal of continuous improvement then to the factors of process management, customer and
market focus, measurement, and analysis and knowledge management. (Abdulsalam, 2013)
studied on factors affecting design quality in construction industry in Syria, briefs his research on
factors affecting design quality in construction. Poor design is the main factor that reduces the
overall performance of the construction project. The main factors are insufficient overall design
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time, method of selecting the designer, lowest price offer, lack of documentation and changes in
client requirements.
(Saeed and Hasan, 2012) conducted a study to find the factors to building failures & defects in
construction industry. The study found that failures & defects are common in construction which
rises cost, duration and resources. The identified factors are climatic conditions, location of
building, construction materials, maintenance, faulty design and lack of supervision.
Further as stated by (Agbenyega, 2014) in his study in quality management practices of
construction firms in Ghana, in solving the potential barriers are the main measures to be taken,
namely: management commitment, communication between managers and employees, employee
involvement, detailed and logical work program, regular inspection, quality audit report, lack of
training and education of team members and review and analysis.
(Temesgen, 2007) on his study a Challenge for the Ethiopian Public Sector (Federal Level),
identified three major problems related to unsuccessful projects in Ethiopian public sectors these
are; resource problem shortage of adequately trained and skilled human, financial and material
resources, Management problems such as weak sharing of responsibility during planning, weak
follow-up, poor coordination and Technical problems which include loose linkages with sectoral
policy and strategy, weak technical skill and poor project design are some of the identified
problems contribute to project failure in Ethiopia public sectors.
Further (Birhanu and Daniel, 2014) in his study on his he identified that lack of effective
supervision, communication, management of commitment, proper equipment’s and materials
available for use, quality assurance team lead the process, staff turnover, skilled turnover,
Inefficient resource management and problems with contractors are some of the challenges he
identified to the attainment of project quality.
Previous studies highlighted the factors affecting the quality of construction. Each study has
contributed to identifying some factors affecting quality. However, there are few published works
that comprehensively address the factors specifically affecting the quality of construction in
different parts of the world. Researchers still differ in their perceptions as to what should be
emphasized most among the different factors affecting quality. A detailed analysis of the
frameworks is carried out and presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Quality Problems Factors
Lack of contractor supervision (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1998; Wong & Fung, 1999)
Poor relationship and partnering among (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1998; Jha&lyer, 2006; Tang et
project participants al., 2009)
Reduced Subcontractor responsibility (Leonard, 2008; Pheng& Wei, 1996; Wong & Fung,
1999)
Inappropriate method of contractor (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1998; Pheng& Wei, 1996)
selecting
Poor quality procedure (Chan & Tarn, 2000; Moody, 2005; Saraph, et al.,
and department 1989)
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Lack of auditing system (Pheng& Wei, 1996; Samuels, 1994)

Poor Training system (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1998)
Low quality continues improvement (Joaquin et al., 2008; Pheng& Wei, 1 996)
Lack of process improvement (Pheng& Wei, 1996; Saraph, et al., 1989)
Lack of Management commitment (Hiyassat, 2000; Marosszeky, et al., 2002; Yung &
Yip, 2010)
Low effective project management (Anderson, 1992; Chan & Tarn, 2000; Yung & Yip,
system 2010)
Bureaucracy (Marosszeky, et al., 2002)
Supplier impact (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1997; Wong & Fung, 1999)
Low quality drawing and specification (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1998; Pheng& Wei, 1996)
Design complexity (Chan & Tarn, 2000)
Poor performance of quality tools (Arditi&Gunaydin, 1997; Leonard, 2008)
Difficult application of quality system (Mohammed & Abdullah, 2006; Serpell, 1999)
Project size and complexity (Chan & Tam, 2000; Jha&lyer, 2006)
Material/Equipment specification (Hiyassat, 2000; Pheng& Wee, 2001)
Project Environment (Chan & Tam, 2000)
Low quality and poor availability of (Joaquin, et al., 2008; Yung & Yip, 2010)
resources
Lack of motivation (Marosszeky, et al., 2002; Pheng& Wee, 2001;
Serpell, 1999)
Source: (Adenuga, 2013)
In general, the problems identified by different researchers are almost similar even though there
is variation due to their practical context of the projects. However, none of these studies has
focused on quality of construction projects in case of construction industries in Ethiopia context.
This creates a research gap that this study seeks to bridge under Ethiopia current quality standard
problems in the areas of construction projects under construction industries. Hence, in order to
bridge the gap, the study benchmark the above influencing factors to achieve its specific objectives
under Ethiopia construction projects condition, and categorized them in four categories
accordingly for the purpose of the study, which are stakeholder engagement, project funding,
construction materials, and project management.
2.4 Conceptual Framework of the Study

A conceptual framework is a set of broad ideas and principles taken from relevant fields of enquiry
and used to structure a subsequent presentation. The conceptual framework in this study in order
to achieve its specific objectives which considered stakeholder engagement, project funding,
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construction materials, and project management ability as independent variables against quality
of construction projects which is a dependent variable, and in addition project distinctive has taken
as a moderating variable for the given research purpose.
Independent Variable
Stakeholder Engagement Moderating Variable

Site engineer engagement
Contractor engagement in Project Distinctive
planning Length of the
County inspector’s engagement project
Quantity surveyor engagement Complexity of the
project
Size of the project
Project Funding
Cost of funds
Source of finance
Adequacy of finances Dependent Variable
Quality of Building
Construction
Construction Materials
Source of materials Satisfaction of contract
Poor performance of quality tools specifications
Cost of materials Completion of project with
Material/Equipment specification time
Quality of materials Enhancing customer/owner
satisfaction
Motivation and
empowerment of employees
Project Management Ability
Avoid disputes and claims
Conflict management
Performance based purpose
Leadership
Lack of motivation
Lack of Management commitment
Low effective project management
system
Team management
Solutions development
Figure 1 Conceptual Frame Work (adopted and modified from Adenuga, 2013)
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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The research methodology is essential in guiding the researcher to achieve the aim and objective
of the study. The methodology which is applied to achieve the objectives of this research are
described below. This chapter includes the methodology used in this thesis work and provides
information about the study area, research design, targeted population, sample size, data collection
and the last thing is method of data processing and analysis. Employees are involved in Wolkite
university building construction projects.
The structured questionnaires were used in collecting primary data for the study, which was
divided into two sections. This section includes two sub parts. The first part in two sections was
requires respondent demography such as name, gender, educational qualification, designation and
work experience. While the first section in the second parts contains key practice of construction
management in construction site.
3.2 Study Area
Figure 2 WKU Gogeel map
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Wolkite university is the location of our study Wolkite is located in SNNP region in northern part
of Ethiopia at distance of 160 km from capital city of Ethiopia Addis Ababa.
3.3 Targeted Population

According to Polit and Hungler (1999) the term population refers to the aggregate or totality of all
the objects, subjects, or members that conform to a set of specifications. In quantitative studies,
were identifies the population to be studied during the planning phase. The population of this
research includes contracting company, technical professional (site engineer, project manager, and
office engineer), contractor, and consultant.
❖ Consultants (10)
❖ Contractors (70)
❖ Client (40)
Total Population were (120)
3.4 Sample Size and Determination

The required sample size for the research was a population involved in Wolkite town current
construction projects. The population size was determined by finding out the total number of
construction project in Wolkite town which are 120 in number.
According to (Carvalho, 2018) sample size dettermination indicated in below, the taking to account
a small size population size variance and cost of taking samples and time consuming for large
sample size small size population was applied in according with his given population size.
The required sample size for the research was calculated statistically using the following
expression for each party participated in the survey (Kish, 1965 cited in Tadesse Ayalew, 2009).
no=pxq/v2 …………………. [Eq. 3.1]
n= no / [1+(no /N)] ………………. [Eq. 3.2]
Where:
no: First estimate of sample size
P: The proportion of the characteristic being measured in the target population
q: Complement of p or 1-p
v: The maximum standard error allowed
N: The population size
n: The sample size
To maximize, p was set at 0.5. To account for possible error in the respondent answers from the
questionnaire, the maximum standard error was set at 10% or 0.1. The target populations were
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building projects in Wolkite which are 120. We will use those numbers as our populations for the
above formula.
Then by inserting those population sizes to the above formula, we get our sample size to be 21 for
both. As a result, the sample size for the study under consideration of time and cost was set at 15
3.5 Research Design

Research design is the overall plan for obtaining answers to the questions being studied and for
handling some of the difficulties encountered during the research process. Between here and there
are a number of major steps, including the collection and analysis of relevant data (Al-Moghany,
2011).
Topic selection
Result, discussion, and
recommendation
Proposal Identify statements Sample and

schedulin of problems sampling technique
g
Identify the objective of Methods of

the studies data analysis
Literature
Questionnaires
review
and personal
interview
Methods of
Methodology of
Data collection
Research
Figure 3 the overall research design
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3.6 Source of Data
3.6.1. Primary Data

Primary data was through questionnaire, were from clients, consultants and contractors. Most of
the data collected through questionnaire survey are ordinal in nature and used to rank the problems
in their order of significance with the intention of finding additional variables beyond those found
out from the literature review.
The answers to the structured part of the questionnaire are based on:
The reasons for adopting this scale are:
❖ To provide simplicity for the respondent to answer; and

❖ To make the evaluation of collecting data easier.
Primary Data Includes:
❖ Reports & Records

❖ Questionnaire
❖ Interview
3.6.2. Secondary Data
Secondary data which involves information from published text such as journals, government
publications, dictionaries, dissertations and reliable internet resources were used to compliment
the primary data. In this regard, resources in the wolkite university. This includes information
generated from similar studies which have been previously written.
Secondary Data Includes:
❖ Reference books
❖ Journals
❖ Newspaper
3.7 Method of Data Collection
A. Interviews: - Basically we preferred interviews to some group of contractors and consultants
to save time and thinking they may not have enough professionals to understand and fill the
questionnaires properly.
B. Questionnaires: - The questionnaires were design and distributed for Wolkite university
Enterprise office, construction contractors and for consultants.
Data was collected by distributing questionnaire to identified individuals. Interviews and
questionnaire were carried out with experienced person in construction project around Wolkite
university.
It was also used to collect preliminary information to help in structuring the questionnaires. The
questionnaire survey was also adapted to get feedback on opinions of respondents‟ about the factor
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cause of Poor-Quality Materials in Building Construction projects in Wolkite university.

Building’s construction project and we spent time for (1 months) and the questionnaire survey.
3.8 Research Approach

This study contains both qualitative and quantitative approach; quantitative approach is numerical
description while qualitative approach means theoretical description like interview. Quantitative
data is analyzed using statistical methods, as quantitative data represents numbers from which data
points can be calculated. Qualitative data come in various forms. In many qualitative studies, the
database consists of interview transcripts from open ended, focused, but exploratory interviews.
3.9 Data Analysis Methods

In order to identify the impact of above factors on the quality of construction, it is necessary to
rank them in the order of importance. To determine the relative ranking of the factors, a Six- point
weighing scale w is used to indicate the relative importance of a contributor i in a construction
quality, where “ 1” represent agree very strongly “2” agree strongly “3” agree “4” disagree "5"
"disagree strongly" "6" disagree very strongly will be interpreted as a significant contributor of
construction quality, the one rated "1" or "2" and 3 will be interpreted as an in agreement
contributor, while that with a "6" is taken as uncertain. The relative importance index (RII) used
to indicate the relative importance of a contributing factor i to the construction quality is given by
Index (RII) is calculated as follows ( Aibinu and Jagboro, 2002)
RII = SUMMAT W/A*N ∑W/A*N
where w is the mentioned scale for rating a factor by the respondents which ranges from 1 to 6; A
is the highest weight in the scale; and N is the total number of respondents.
RII = (5n1+4n2+3n3+2n4+1n5+0n6)/ 5N ------------------------------------------------ {Equation 3.1}
Where:
N = Total number of respondents
ni = the variable expressing the frequency of the ith response.
n1= Number of frequencies agree very strongly '' response,
n2= Number of frequencies 'agree strongly' response
n3 = Number of frequencies 'agree' response
n4 = Number of frequencies 'disagree' response.
n5 = Number of frequencies 'disagree strongly' response.
n6= number of frequencies disagree very strongly response
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4. CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the results and discussion on the specific objectives of the study, that is on
the major impacts material of poor-quality used in building construction, who is responsible for
such poor-quality material effects, what kind of measures will be taken to overcome the effects of
poor-quality material used in building construction In successfully achieving the main objective
of the study, one of the most important phases is Collection of different data or research studied
by different researchers Data collection is a procedure for collecting crucial data records for a
certain sample or population Consideration. On this chapter, analysis and discussion was held
based on the data obtained from questionnaires and Literature review.
4.2 RESULTS
4.3 General Background Information about the Respondents

Based on our literature review, ones we conduct the questionnaire was distributed among different
employer and the last but not the list has 40 core questionnaires papers were distributed for
stakeholder to evaluate the factor causing on of factor on causing poor Quality in Building
Construction projects currently applied. Furthermore, these items were compiled by the
researchers (our) based on literature reviewed.
Table 2 1 number of questioners distributed
Stake holder Number of questioners
Consultants(3) 10
Contractors(3) 15
Technical professional(4) 15
Total 40
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4.4 Response Rate

Table 3 Response Rate of Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Respondents Distribut Returned Valid Valid among
ed distributed in
percentage
Professionals 40 38 38 95%
and non-
professional
A. Respondent’s firm level

Table 4 Respondent’s firm level
Firm level Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
BC1-BC2 10 26.3 26.3 26.3
BC3-BC4 10 26.3 26.3 52.6
GC1-GC2 9 23.6 23.6 76.2
GC3-GC4 9 23.6 23.6 99.8
Total 38 100 100
Source: Own Survey (2022)
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4.4.1 Positions of Respondents

Table 5 Positions of Respondents
Respondent Frequency Percentage (%)
position
Project manager 6 15.7
Site engineer 15 39.5
Office engineer 12 31.6
Resident 5 13.2
engineer
Total 38 100
The questionnaires were completed by 38 people who operate in various capacities within their
construction firm. According to Table 5, 39.5 percent of the respondents worked as site engineer
and 31.76 percent of the respondents worked as site office engineers. This shows that because
office engineers are more experienced, the data they gather will be more reliable, and site engineers
are more involved in the activity, they will have more practical waste experience, therefore the
data collected from those experienced site engineers will be more reliable.
4.4.2 Work Experience of Respondents
Figure 4.2 shows that 13.7% (8) of respondents have experience from one to Four years, 17.2 %
(7) of respondents have experience from 4 to 6 years, 51.7% (15) of respondents have experience
between 6 to 10 years and 17.2 % (8) of respondents have experience more than10 years at
construction projects. From this we can conclude that, at average the respondents are well
experienced in working with construction site. Their adequate experience helped them to
understand the study themes and properly respond to study questions.
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x
Figure 4 Work Experiences of Respondents
As described in Table 4.1 above, the size of distributed questionnaires was 40 and the filled in and
returned questionnaires constituted 38. Therefore, the response rate for the survey is 95%. From
this it is possible to conclude that the response rate is very adequate for the study since it is more
than what is referred as adequate
Table 6 Factor on causing poor quality of building construction categories
Factor of causing poor quality Number of factors Average Rank
in building construction
RII
Management related factor 28 0.556 5th
Technical related factor 19 0.632 3rd
Material related facto 6 0.630 4th
Labor related factor 8 0.682 1st
Equipment related factor 3 0.640 2rd
Environment related factor 3 0.502 6th
Source: Own Survey (2022

Respondents ranked “Labor related factor” as the first factor on cause of poor quality of building
construction with the RII value of 0.682. This factor cause of poor quality is further ranked 4th
from total factors. This result indicates that during the implementing stage, the client and the
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contractor must sit down and agree on the project's final decision. This is very important during
the construction phase as it will affect the quality of the building projects. Therefore, to overcome
this problem, more attention should be used skilled and professional known construction phase.
The parties, who involve in any construction projects, should always have a good communication
with clients to avoid the last minutes’ changes.
Based on the responses, “Equipment related factor” Who is ranked as the second cause factor of
poor quality with RII 0.640 This factor of cause of poor quality building construction further
ranked 5th from the total factors.
According to the responses collected, respondents ranked “technical related factor” as 3rd factor
with RII value of 0.632.
4.5 Factors Influencing Poor Quality at Construction Projects

Common factors influencing poor quality at construction projects in wolkite university are as
follow:
1) Management Related Factors: Because quality management is such an important aspect in
construction and building projects, in order to increase the ultimate project quality and to reduce
rework, revision and waste and failure costs over the entire project lifecycle, the importance of
greater involvement of all relevant project participants in quality management issues needs to be
fully understood and embraced by project teams.
The findings of management related factors can be seen in Table 7 according to important index.
Table 7 Ranking of management related factors
Management related factors I.I Rank

Lack of quality policy 73.68% 4
Lack of systematic time 64.58% 13
schedule
Low affective project 70.13% 5
management system
Lack of contractor supervision 57.74% 26
Unclear procedure for accepting
56.32% 27
performed activities
Shorten objective 59.13% 24
Inappropriate method of 60.32% 20
contractor selecting
Lack of management 78.65% 2
commitment
Poor training system 76.53% 3
Lack of quality department 80.67% 1
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Invalid scope of the project 58.23% 25

(type and nature)
Poor quality procedure 60.12% 22
Lack of using a standard 69.53% 6
contract
Lack of using cost control 67.23% 8
system
Lack of written contract with
62.28% 18
clear conditions
Not using a system to evaluate 65.82% 12
subcontractor performance
Lack of auditing system 66.32% 10
Lack of cooperation between

supervision and contractor’s 62.25% 18
staff
Lack of using integrated
63.33% 16
project execution system
Bureaucracy 64.52% 15
Lower quality continues 69.35% 7

improvement
Lack of process improvement 59.54% 23
Supplier impact 61.22% 19
Lack of cooperation among 60.21% 21

project parties
Unfair subcontract conditions 62.39% 17
Poor relationship and 64.53%

14
partnering among participant
Reduce subcontractor 65.83% 11
responsibility
subcontractor and main 66.36% 9
contractor
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Table 7 shows that the respondents rank "Lack of quality department" in the first position with
importance index (I.I = 80.67%), which indicates the high importance of quality policy in order to
get desired quality. Lack of quality policy can create a lot of quality problems and so top
management should ensure that quality objectives, including those needed to meet the
requirements for product, are established at relevant functions and levels within the organization.
The quality shall be measurable and consistent with the quality policy. Moreover, lack of
systematic time schedule is a strong indication that not using systematic time schedule which can
cause poor quality. So contractors should do with systematic schedule in all activities. It can be
seen that other factors cause poor quality in Wolkite university building construction as their
important index (I.I) are high.
2 Technical related factors: The relationship between unclear drawings, standard and poor
coordination among project participants have a similar detrimental effect on quality. The
establishment of a data collection system can help construction companies to set up an information
base which can lead to an earlier recognition of defects.
Table 8 ranking of technical related factors
Technical related factors I.I Rank

Lack of quality control system 73.00% 1
Lack of adequate inspection 65.38% 6
Inadequate close supervision 65.21% 7
Incorrect construction method 66.24% 5
Incomplete drawing and 68.31% 3
specification
Incompetent subcontractor 63.72% 9
Poor performance of quality
64.92% 8
tools and techniques
Nonconformity to codes and 62.62% 11
standard
Design complexity 62.22% 12
Lack of motivation and
66.35% 4
capabilities of site staff
Poor application of quality 68.82% 2
system
Poor data collection system 60.84% 14
Incomplete and inconsistency of
59.52% 16
design documents
Inaccurate bill of quantity 61.52% 13
Misinterpretation of drawing
60.35% 15
and specification
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Inaccurate measuring instrument 58.25% 17

Bad of preparation and approve
63.38% 10
of shop drawing
Poor communication 56.60% 18
Poor coordination of 55.34% 19
subcontractor works
The research shows that lack of quality control system" (I.I = 73.00%) is very important and
ranked first. Quality control is a process employed to ensure a certain level of quality in a product
or service. Lack of quality control system causes serious quality problems and so it should have
quality control team with systematically method to identify products or services that do not meet
a company’s specified standards of quality. Poor application of quality system, is the 2nd
factor(I.I=68.82%) and incomplete drawing and specification have same significant index
(I.I=68.31%) and are strong indication of poor quality.
3 Material Related Factors: The adaptation of a good material management system helps in
improving quality of the project. Controlling the quality, delivery time of construction material to
the site leads to easement of implementation of different construction activities and decreases
interruptions.
Table 9 ranking of material related factors
Material related factors I.I Rank

Low quality of material 69.65% 1
Unavailability of good quality
66.31% 2
construction materials
Using unclear material 62.57% 4
management system
Lack of material past report 63.81% 3
contractor and material 60.32% 5
suppliers
Improper material storage 55.24% 6
The respondents rank low quality of material (I.I = 69.65%) as the first factor causes poor quality.
Then one of the major sub-factors highlighted by the respondents that affect quality is the
unavailability of good quality construction materials (I.I=66.31%).And the third important factor
is using lack of material past report. So, the contractor should purchase materials based on the
integrated consideration of engineering characteristics, construction contracts, and the scope of
application, construction requirements, the performance and price of materials. The procurement
should be arranged in advance according to the construction schedule. Project manager department
or enterprises should establish common information of material suppliers and track the market
timely. If necessary, material sample or field trip is required, and the strict instruction of quality
items in material procurement contracts should be paid attention.
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Department of CoTM
4 Labor Related Factors: Knowledge, skill and experience of labors play an important role
toward improving quality of the project. Highly experienced labor is the main factors influencing
quality. Personnel performing shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training,
skills and experience.
Table 10 ranking of labor related factors
Labour related factors I.I Rank

Lack of skilled labour 75.37% 1
Lack of training courses for 73.53% 2
labour
Lack of skill and experience of 68.37% 4
supervision
Lack of skill and experience of
66.35% 5
contractor staff
Low income level and wages of 65.98% 6
labour
Weak in labor management
70.31% 3
system (lack of record)
Poor workmanship 64.52% 7
Lack of motivation of 61.42% 7
workforce
The respondents rank "Lack of skilled labor" in the first position with importance index (I.I =
75.37%), which indicates skilled labor play essential role in construction project. According to the
response, training programs are urgently required to be skillful the construction workers.
Moreover, the skills and experiences of the contractor and supervision staff show the high score
among the sub-factors influencing quality as shown in Table 10
5 Equipment Related Factors: Construction machinery and equipment are essential facilities for
the modern construction, reflecting the construction power of the enterprise, and having a direct
impact on the project progress and quality.
Table 11 ranking of equipment related factors
Equipment related factors I.I Rank
Lack of proper construction 65.52% 1
equipment
Lack of equipment 64.34% 2
management system
Inadequate equipment 62.35% 3
maintenance
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Department of CoTM
The respondents rank "lack of proper construction equipment and equipment management system"
in the higher position, which indicates that the contractor should select construction machinery and
equipment in accordance with advanced technology, economic rationality, production application,
reliable performance and safety, with the applicability and reliability to a specific project.
6 Environment Related Factors: Creating a good environment will play an important role in
guaranteeing the quality and safety of construction projects. Control of the natural environment,
working environment and management environment are important facts to provide better quality.
Table 12 ranking of environment related factors
Environment related factors I.I Rank

Poor weather condition 58.52% 1
Poor work environment(such as
safety, noise, temperature, 50.00% 2
humidity, lighting, etc)
Socio- economic environment 42.21% 3
The respondents rank poor weather condition (I.I = 58.52%) as the first factor causes poor quality
and work environment was second rank. Contractor should grasp data and information of
hydrology, geology and meteorology of construction site, in order to establish construction plans
and measures with the consideration of the characteristics. They should arrange the layout of
mechanical equipment, materials, components, roads, pipelines, and various large temporary
facilities and for protective measure.
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Department of CoTM
4.6 measurement to be taken to minimize the effect of poor quality material

Stake holder’s response on measurement to be taken to minimize the effect of poor quality
material
bar chart
100 100 100

90
80 80
75
70 70
50 50
20
INSPECT AND SUPRVISE CHOOSE GOOD QUALITY OF USE OF UNDAMAGED FOLLOW AND IMPLEMENT
DEEPLY MATERIAL site engineer FORMWORK
consultant contractor MATERIALDESIGN AND
BUILDING CODE
Figure 5 measurement to be taken to minimize the effect of poor quality material
Based on the results obtained from respondent the following idea was taken from the respondent
where 89.6% building Construction contractor take measurement to minimize the effect of
Poor-Quality Materials in Building Construction projects.
. Some parts of the sites were there were some 10.3% problems related to take measurement to
minimize the effect of Poor-Quality Materials in Building Construction projects.
4.6 Discussion on Measures to be taken to minimize the effects of poor-quality material

Respondent one site engineer
The site engineer talks to minimize the effects of poor-quality building construction material, the
consultant and the client of the project supervise the overall process of work that the contractor
executes at the time of construction. Rather than raising the claim at the end of construction, it is
better to supervise, check and follow all work processes during construction. Follow and
implement material design and building codes to make the buildings more resistant to earthquakes,
the seismic design and building codes should be properly implemented to survive through both
direct and indirect actions of an earthquake. There are different kinds of steps and techniques
applied to different kind of structures like improving the quality of material, proper designing and
seismic considerations. In construction of buildings and other infrastructure, there are various
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Department of CoTM
types of structures and how to make these structures more resistant to earthquakes to avoid
collapses and intense damage.
Respondent two contractor response

Contractors response about minimizing the effect of poor quality is the choice of building
materials, such as sand and gravel, affect the strength of the building, and care must be taken to
choose the best materials. Mixing good clean ingredients with little water makes strong concrete.
Respondent three of consultant

The consultant idea Poor quality materials are materials that do not fulfill the standard requirement
and that is under specification. So, we conclude that to know the quality of materials it should be
tested and checked as it fulfills the standard requirement. Poor quality material can be identified
by visual inspection & testing and then using standards & manuals. Visual inspection is for
experienced professionals, but for others, it needs to test materials and relate to standards. Most of
the construction companies use quality test before construction but it is not highly related to quality
standards. Even if they use a quality test of material for most it doesn’t fulfill quality standards
requirements. The responsibility of checking the quality of the material is for the contractor and
the responsibility of the consultant is to approve the test result by relating to standards. This is the
best way to check the quality of each activity, but sometimes some contractors and consultants
don’t fulfill their responsibility to get illegal benefits from the work by Agreeing with each other.
This corrupts the work and leads defects to in building the effects/impacts of using poor quality
material in building construction are: -
❖
It leads to cracks and collapse of the building.
❖
The function of the building is also dependent on the strength of the structural and non-structural
components of the building. Where the strength is directly related to the quality of material so the
function or purpose or serviceability of building is affected by the use of those poor-quality
building construction materials.
❖
If the quality of the building materials is poor in quality different considerable defects like cracks,
crushes, collapse/demolishes are caused on the building. Those different defects affect the vision
of the building and it affects the aesthetics of the building.
❖
Different defects due to the use of poor-quality building construction materials increase the cost
of the owner for maintenance and it delays the functional activity of the building which affects the
finance/cost of the owner.
❖
The primary function of the building is to allow peoples to occupy or live and store materials in a
safe condition for living. When construction was with poor quality material, the building
unfortunately or within unexpected time collapses/fails and leads the occupants to an injury and
damages their property.
❖
For the failure of the building and its components because of the use of poor-quality material the
parties certified with the lowest standard/level of competition. Because of
Using poor quality material their standard and level fail down and become out of the competition.
And it also delays the project from completing it within a specified time. To maintain or demolition
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Department of CoTM
and redoing these defective building parts takes time and affect the schedule of work and budget
of the building construction
4.7 Responsibility of stake holders
Respondent one
The first Responsibility of effect of poor quality of material is contractor The first duty of a
building contractor is creating a project plan to deliver it on time. Some responsibilities include:
❖ Planning all crucial project development and implementation details.

❖ Determining the material and equipment requirements, and planning their procurement.
❖ Predicting possible changes and creating risk mitigation strategies.
❖ Meeting any legal and regulatory issues.
❖ Establishing effective communication among all project participants.
The building contractor must establish a budget for the construction project, and follow it as
closely as possible. The budget is a useful tool to track project costs, since contractors can detect
waste by comparing their actual expenses with the planned budget.
Respondent two
Responsibility of the effect of poor quality is site engineer The site engineer in sufficiently
manage the project that means the material before use check or test. following tasks: -
❖ Acting as the main technical advisor on a construction site for sub-contractor, crafts
people and operatives.
❖ Setting out leveling and surveying the site.
❖ Ensuring that all material used and work performed are as per specification.
❖ Agreeing a price for materials and making cost effective solution and proposal for the
intended project.
❖ Overseeing quality control and health and safety matters on site.
❖ Preparing report as required.
❖ Resolving an unexpected technical difficulties and other problem that may arise.
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Department of CoTM
Respondent three
The effect of poor quality responsible to project manager is the person responsible for leading
project from its inspection to execution this includes planning, execution and managing the people
and soon. Generally, the responsibility includes: -
Planning a particular construction job and overseeing its progress along the way Proposed project
to determine how and when the work will be performed including prep work that must be
completed before the building starts Develop a deliverables schedule to provide a road map that a
construction team must stick to in order to finish the job in timely and cost effective man.
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Department of CoTM
5. CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
As shown in above, quality failures originate from various sources of defects such as
management, technical, material, labor, equipment, culture and environmental defects. However,
poor stakeholder management and technical appear to be the most fundamental and important
causes of quality failures in many cases and the critical roles played by owners, management
team, consultants, contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers and final customers on project quality
success has been supported by many researchers. Through the research, there is learnt quality
control system, quality policy, systemic time schedule, effective management system, close
supervision, skill and experience of contractor staff, supervision, labor, and training system are
played the important role in Wolkite university construction projects. All of them are related to
the culture, management and quality system of the organizations. Therefore, the application of
methods of quality improvement is urgently required within Wolkite university construction
industry. The responsibility of the elimination of poor quality does not depend only on
construction managers, but also on the client, consultants, contractor, suppliers, foremen and
laborers. This means all project participants need to be committed, involved, and worked together
to detect any poor quality and minimize it as soon as the defect occurs. They should conduct
regular training programs for foremen and laborers, and educate them to understand the concept
of quality and technical procedure. Training programs can be organized by government, by
providing simple skill standards for contracting companies. Moreover, there is a common
perception that standards are applied inconsistently across the construction industry. So it should
make the construction process transparent on-site, so every person involved in the process is able
to identify any problems. Supervisors and foremen should be involved in every project meeting
to discuss any possibility to reduce poor quality. They felt excluded from the development and
implementation of quality management initiatives on-site. Establish cooperation and regular
meetings amongst project participants, involve all construction personnel from different levels,
increase trust with one another and encourage working together as partners. On the other hand,
standard quality control system and team should be built for Wolkite university construction
industry improvement. The responsibility of the impact poor quality majority area taken
contractor then site engineer.
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Department of CoTM
5.2 Recommendation
The factor cause of poor-quality building construction can be minimized only when their causes
are identified. Knowing the reason why peoples use poor quality material and the causes of any
particular defects in a construction project would help to minimize the effects. To minimize the
impacts of poor-quality materials we would like to recommend several parties for the execution of
work in a good manner to have the standardized and modernized type of methods for building
construction.
Recommendations that have to put forward to provide directions for different construction parties
are listed as follows:
❖
The client/owner should select contractors which have a good performance and certified
for works executed before.
❖
An owner should follow and check all the processes of the work to tackle the impacts due
to poor quality materials.
❖
The contractors should follow the design, specification, and standards of the material as
per the contract agreement.
❖
The contractor should honestly check for the materials supplied to the project site by
testing and relating with standards then getting approval from the consultant.
❖
The consultant should impose to test materials and approve materials test result with
standards.
❖
The consultant should supervise and guide all the work process by following friendly
with jobs and workers.
❖
The government should control the quality of materials for building construction
especially at the time of materials imported from foreign countries.
❖
The government should prepare the standards and regulations to check the quality of
material, punish the users that don’t obey the standards and regulations.
❖
The management of the company should be structured very well to control the overall
quality of the work and the project.
❖
All the stakeholders should be aware to allow/permit the one who wants to research
building construction problems and they should be willing to give any help to the
researchers. The construction industry should implement a quality control inspection
program and quality policy.
❖ Generally, our research focused to minimize the cause of poor-quality on building
construction so, we recommend the researcher do on another construction such us road,
dam and also public commercial building.
❖ Our method of data collection was mainly based on questioner; we recommend the
researcher by using further data colleting methods.
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Department of CoTM
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Department of CoTM
Wolkite University (DET, 45)

College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Construction Technology and Management
Dear respondent
We are Students of Bachelors degree of construction Technology and Management, (CoTM), at
Wolkite University College of engineering and technology. As partial fulfillment of the program,
we are undertaking research on the topic of Assessment on Factors Causing Poor Quality in
Building Construction Case on Wolkite university building projects. The research result could be
used as an input for decision makers, professionals, academician and other interested groups to
play their respective role for the achievement of project objectives.
It is believed that your participation in this research will contribute in achieving the objectives of
the research. Thus, the quality of your response towards the question items determines the quality
of the research results. Therefore, please answer the questions as thoroughly, objectively and
honestly as possible according to the instructions contained in the body of the questionnaire.
Finally, we want to assure you that all information provided in this survey will be treated with
strict confidentiality and allowed to serve only for the purpose of the research under consideration.
We appreciate your support
Sincerely
Contact Details
Name: _________________________________________
Phone Number: _________________________________
Email Address: _________________________________
Location: ______________________________________
Contact Person: _________________________________
Part I. Personal Details

Name of Respondent (Optional):
Please provide:
Date: Phone Number:
Name of Company/Organization:
Title or Position(s) of Respondent: Address of the Respondent:
Experience: Email:
44
Department of CoTM
Type of Organization/Company:
Employer: Consultant: Contractor:
Professional Institution: Supplier: Other:
Part II. Questionnaires (Factors of poor-quality building construction)

In your Opinion, what are the Management Related Factors of poor quality at building construction
projects sites? (Please rate each factor)
No Management Related factors 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree
Strongly, 4=Agree, 3=Disagree,
2=Disagree Strongly, 1=Disagree
Very Strongly
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Lack of quality policy
2 Lack of systematic time schedule
3 Low affective project management system
4 Lack of contractor supervision
5 Unclear procedure for accepting performed activities
6 Shorten objective
7 Inappropriate method of contractor selecting
8 Lack of management commitment
9 Poor training system
10 Lack of quality department
11 Invalid scope of the project (type and nature)
12 Poor quality procedure
45
Department of CoTM
13 Lack of using a standard contract
14 Lack of using cost control system
15 Lack of written contract with clear conditions
16 Not using a system to evaluate subcontractor
Performance
17 Lack of auditing system
18 Lack of cooperation between supervision and
contractor’s staff
19 Lack of using integrated project execution system
20 Bureaucracy
21 Lower quality continuous improvement
22 Lack of process improvement
23 Supplier impact
24 Lack of cooperation among project parties
25 Unfair subcontract conditions
26 Poor relationship and partnering among
Participant
27 Reduce subcontractor responsibility
28 Lack of cooperation between subcontractor and main

contractor
In your Opinion, what are the Technical related factors of poor quality at building construction
46
Department of CoTM
No Technical related factors 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree

Very Strongly
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Lack of quality control system
2 Lack of adequate inspection
3 Inadequate close supervision
4 Incorrect construction method
5 Incomplete drawing and specification
6 Incompetent subcontractor
7 Poor performance of quality tools and techniques
8 Nonconformity to codes and standard
9 Design complexity
10 Lack of motivation and capabilities site staff
11 Poor application of quality system
12 Poor data collection system
13 Incomplete and inconsistency of design
Documents
14 Inaccurate bill of quantity
15 Misinterpretation of drawing and specification
16 Inaccurate measuring instrument
17 Bad of preparation and approve of shop drawing
47
Department of CoTM
18 Poor communication
19 Poor coordination of subcontractor works
In your Opinion, what are the Material Related Factors of poor quality at building construction
No Material Related Factors 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree
Very Strongly
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Low quality of material
2 Unavailability of good quality construction
materials
3 Using unclear material management system
4 Lack of material past report
5 Lack of cooperation between contractor and
material suppliers
6 Improper material storage
In your Opinion, what are the Labor Related Factors of poor quality at building construction
No Labor Related Factors: 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree
Very Strongly
48
Department of CoTM
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Lack of skilled labor
2 Lack of training courses for labor
3 Lack of skill and experience of supervision
4 Lack of skill and experience of contractor
staff
5 Low-income level and wages of labor
6 Weak in labor management system (lack of
record)
7 Poor workmanship
8 Lack of motivation of workforce
In your Opinion, what are the Equipment Related Factors of poor quality at building construction
No Equipment Related Factors 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree
Very Strongly
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Lack of proper construction equipment
2 Lack of equipment management system
3 Inadequate equipment maintenance
In your Opinion, what are the Environment Related Factors of poor quality at building construction
49
Department of CoTM
No Environment Related Factors 6=Agree Very Strongly, 5=Agree

Very Strongly
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Poor weather condition
2 Poor work environment (such as safety,
noise, temperature, humidity, lighting, etc)
3 Socio- economic environment
Measurement to be taken to minimize the effects of poor-quality material in building

construction.
A).To what extent do this the concept of assessment on the impacts of poor-quality material in
building construction profession. Known by the major stake holders in the construction site
especially consultants?
❖ Very to great extent
❖ To great extent to great extent
❖ To very little extent
❖ No extent at all
2. for Contractors
A. Relevant working experience (Years):
❖ 5 Year
❖ 10 years
❖ 15 years
❖ 20 years
A. The approximate number of employees in your
organization?
50
Department of CoTM
❖ 1-30
❖ 30-50
❖ >50
B. Does your company minimize poor quality? material
Yes no
C. Does your company give education and training for workers on the
impacts of poor-quality material
yes no
51
Department of CoTM

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BSC THESIS

ASSESSMENT OF FACTOR CAUSING OF POOR QUALITY IN

Submission Date 09/10/2014E.C

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF

ADVISED BY M.r BIZUAYEHU MEKONEN

ASSESSMENTS FACTOR ON CAUSING THE POOR QUALITY BUILDING

GROUP #13 NAME ID.NO

Submission Date 09/10/2014E.C

Students’ name Signature Date

3.6 Source of Data................................................................................................................................... 18

Keywords—Management, Material, Human Skill, Machine, Environment, Quality Standard.

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3.1. General objective of the study

1.3.2. Specific objective of the study

❖ To assess the major factor causing of poor-quality in building construction.

1.4 Research questions

1.7 Limitation of the Study

1.8. The thesis organization

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.2 Theoretical Literature Review

2.2.2 Quality in Construction Projects

practices. These practices include: motivation by the contractor’s senior management,

2.2.3 Stakeholder Involvement and Quality of Building Construction Project

2.2.4 Project Funding and Quality of Building Construction Project

2.2.5 Construction Materials Management and Quality of Building Construction Project

2.2.6 Project Management Ability and Quality of Building Construction Project

2.3 Empirical Review of Literature

Lack of auditing system (Pheng& Wei, 1996; Samuels, 1994)

2.4 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Stakeholder Engagement Moderating Variable

Figure 2 WKU Gogeel map

3.3 Targeted Population

3.4 Sample Size and Determination

3.5 Research Design

Proposal Identify statements Sample and

Identify the objective of Methods of

Figure 3 the overall research design

3.6 Source of Data

3.6.1. Primary Data

❖ To provide simplicity for the respondent to answer; and

❖ Reports & Records

cause of Poor-Quality Materials in Building Construction projects in Wolkite university.

3.8 Research Approach

3.9 Data Analysis Methods

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.3 General Background Information about the Respondents

Stake holder Number of questioners

4.4 Response Rate

A. Respondent’s firm level

BC1-BC2 10 26.3 26.3 26.3

BC3-BC4 10 26.3 26.3 52.6

GC1-GC2 9 23.6 23.6 76.2

GC3-GC4 9 23.6 23.6 99.8

Total 38 100 100

Source: Own Survey (2022)

4.4.1 Positions of Respondents

Project manager 6 15.7

Site engineer 15 39.5

Office engineer 12 31.6

Management related factor 28 0.556 5th

Technical related factor 19 0.632 3rd

Material related facto 6 0.630 4th

Labor related factor 8 0.682 1st

Equipment related factor 3 0.640 2rd