REAL TIME PROJECT REPORT

IR PROXIMITY SENSOR
A real time project report submitted in partial fulfilment of required for the
award of degree
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
MANDULA HARSHAVARDHAN
22J41A0496
Under the guidance of
Mr. G. CHAITANYA REDDY
Asst.Professor, Department of ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

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 May – 2024

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Real Time Project Report” submitted by MANDULA

HARSHAVARDHAN (22J41A0496) is work done by him and submitted during

2023-2024 academic year, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, at MREC

COLLEGE, HYDERABAD.

SIGNATURE
Dr. M. Jagadeesh Chandra
Prasad
HOD
Department of ECE
Malla Reddy Engineering
College
Secunderabad, 500 100
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that I

acknowledge the help of these individuals.

I would like to thank Mr.G.Chaitanya Reddy, Department Real Time Project

coordinator for her support and advices to get and complete real time project in

above said organization.

I would like to thank my Head of the Department, Dr.N.Manikanda

Devarajan for his constructive criticism throughout my real time project.

I am highly indebted to Principal Dr.A.Ramaswami Reddy, for the facilities

provided to accomplish this real time project.

It is great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our honorable President Sri Ch.
Malla

Reddy, for giving the opportunity and platform with facilities in accomplishing the
projectbased laboratory report.

I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped

me in successful completion of this project.

MANDULA HARSHAVARDHAN

22J41A0496

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 ABSTRACT

time monitoring system utilizing an IR proximity sensor. The system is designed to

detect the presence of objects within a certain range by emitting infrared radiation and
analyzing the reflected signal. This project focuses on the development of a real-The
IR proximity sensor plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate and reliable detection.
The project aims to implement this technology in various applications such as
automated doors, security systems, and object detection in robotics. By leveraging the
capabilities of the IR proximity sensor, the system provides efficient and precise object
detection in real-time scenarios. It can be used to detect the presence of objects or
individuals within a specific range. When someone or something comes close to the
sensor, it emits infrared radiation. If the emitted radiation reflects back to the sensor, it
indicates the presence of an object in the passage. This detection principle is
commonly used in automatic door systems, where the sensor detects a person
approaching the door and triggers it to open. In a passage, an IR proximity sensor can
enhance security, automate lighting systems, or even count the number of people
passing through a specific area. The abstract for the real-time project on an IR
proximity sensor would outline the project's objective, which is to design and
implement a system that detects objects using infrared technology. It would describe
the components used, such as the IR sensor, microcontroller, and output display. The
abstract would highlight the project's significance in applications like automation,
security systems, and robotics. It would summarize the methodology, results, and
conclusions drawn from the project, showcasing the effectiveness of the IR proximity
sensor system in detecting objects accurately in real-time. This abstract provides a
concise overview of the project's scope and impact.

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 Table of Contents

S. Contents Page No
No
1 CERTIFICATE 2
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
3 ABSTRACT 4
4 INTRODUCTION 6
5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 7-9
6 CIRCUIT/ BLOCK DIAGRAM 9
7 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 10-11
8 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 11-13
9 RESULTS 13
10 CONCLUSION 14
11 REFERENCE 15

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 INTRODUCTION

In the realm of real-time projects, the integration of an IR proximity sensor opens up a

world of possibilities. This technology harnesses the power of infrared radiation to
detect objects within its vicinity, offering a seamless way to monitor and interact with
the environment. By incorporating an IR proximity sensor into a project, one can create
efficient and responsive systems that react to the presence or absence of objects in real-
time. Join me as we explore the innovative realm of IR proximity sensors and their
transformative impact on real-time applications.

When it comes to IR proximity sensors, they are fascinating pieces of technology that
use infrared radiation to detect the presence of objects within a certain range. These
sensors are commonly used in various applications such as automatic doors, security
systems, and robotics for object detection. By emitting and analyzing infrared light, IR
proximity sensors provide a reliable and efficient way to sense objects in their
proximity. the IR proximity sensor serves as a crucial starting point to capture the
reader's interest and provide context. It should detail the motivation behind choosing
this project, the specific objectives you aim to achieve, and the potential impact of
implementing an IR proximity sensor system. By highlighting the relevance of IR
technology in real-time object detection and its applications in diverse industries, the
introduction sets the foundation for the project's significance and innovation.
Additionally, introducing the key components of the system and the expected benefits
can further engage readers and convey the project's potential value.

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 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS :

BREAD BOARD:

Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning how to build
circuits. In this tutorial, you will learn a little bit about what breadboards are, why they are
called breadboards, and how to use one. Once you are done you should have a basic
understanding of how breadboards work and be able to build a basic circuit on a
breadboard.

Fig.a : Bread board

9V HW BATTERY:

Fig.b : 9V HW Battery

A 9V hardware (hw) battery is a type of battery that provides a voltage of 9 volts. These
batteries are commonly used in devices that require higher voltage levels than standard AA or
AAA batteries. They are often used in smoke detectors, guitar pedals, electronic toys, and
various other electronic devices. The 9V battery typically consists of six smaller 1.5V cells
connected in series within the battery casing.

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CONNECTING WIRES:

Fig.c : connecting wires

Wires are essential components in electrical and electronic systems that conduct
electricity from one point to another. They are typically made of metal,
applications.such as copper or aluminum, due to their excellent conductivity properties.
Wires come in various sizes, colors, and types to suit different

IR RECIEVER:

Fig.d : IR reciever

IR receiver is a component that receives infrared signals from an IR transmitter. It's

commonly used in remote control systems, such as those for TVs, air conditioners, and
other electronic devices. The IR receiver detects the modulated infrared signals sent by
the transmitter and converts them into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the
receiving device. This allows for wireless communication between the transmitter and
the receiver, enabling functions like changing channels on a TV or adjusting the
temperature on an air conditioner.

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IR TRANSMITTER:

Fig.e ; IR transmitter

IR transmitter is a device that emits infrared signals to communicate with IR receivers.

These transmitters are commonly found in remote controls for TVs, DVD players, and
other electronic devices. When you press a button on a remote control, the IR transmitter
sends out modulated infrared signals that carry specific commands. These signals are
then received by an IR receiver on the target device, which interprets the commands and
performs the corresponding actions.

IC LM358:

Fig.f : IC LM358

The LM358 is a handy IC with two operational amplifiers inside. It's commonly used
for amplification and signal processing in different electronic projects due to its low
power consumption and wide voltage range.

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RESISTORS :

Fig.g : resistors Fig.h : variable resistor

Resistors are components that resist the flow of electrical current in a circuit. They are
used to control the amount of current or voltage in a circuit by providing resistance.
Resistors are often made of materials like carbon or metal film and come in different
values measured in ohms.

LED :

Fig.i : led

LEDs, or Light-Emitting Diodes, are semiconductor devices that emit light when an
electric current passes through them. LEDs are highly efficient in converting electricity
into light, making them popular for various applications such as lighting, displays,
indicators, and more.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

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HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
1. *Prepare Components:*

- IR Receiver

- IR Transmitter

- LED

- Variable Resistor

- Resistor

- Breadboard

- Connecting Wires

- 9V Battery

2. *Connect the Components:*

- Connect the IR Receiver and IR Transmitter to the breadboard.

- Connect the LED to the breadboard.

- Connect the Variable Resistor and Resistor to control the sensitivity of the sensor.

- Connect all components to the 9V battery for power.

3. *Circuit Configuration:*

- Wire the IR Transmitter to emit infrared light.

- Position the IR Receiver to detect the reflected light.

- Adjust the Variable Resistor to set the detection range.

- Use the Resistor to limit current flow in the LED.

4. *Testing:*

- Power up the circuit with the 9V battery.

- Adjust the Variable Resistor to set the sensitivity.

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 - Observe the LED turning on when an object is detected by the IR Proximity Sensor.

RESULT:

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CONCLUSION :

You've successfully completed the real-time project of building an IR Proximity Sensor

using components like the IR Receiver, IR Transmitter, LED, Variable Resistor,
Resistor, and a 9V battery on a breadboard. By adjusting the Variable Resistor, you can
control the sensitivity of the sensor and observe the LED lighting up when an object is
detected. This project demonstrates the practical implementation of an IR Proximity
Sensor for real-time applications. Great job on completing the project! real-time project
on the IR proximity sensor, you can highlight the successful integration of components
like the IR sensor, microcontroller, and output display to create an effective object
detection system. Discuss how the project demonstrated the practical application of IR
technology in real-time scenarios and the significance of each component in ensuring
the system's functionality. Emphasize the project's achievements in showcasing the
benefits of IR proximity sensors for automation and efficiency. Conclude by
summarizing the project's impact on advancing technology and its potential implications
for various industries.

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 REFERENCE:

1. https://youtu.be/A-WQ8ikMZUQ?si=MitqZKmKDeT5HtTE

2. https://youtu.be/bOKn1te3WSY?si=TM3G1hEpzjAt4Ec6

3. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-resistor-definition-uses.html

4. https://www.electronicsforu.com/technology-trends/learn-electronics/ir-led-
infrared-sensor-basics

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