REAL TIME PROJECT REPORT

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY USING PIEZOELECTRIC

SENSOR
A real time project report submitted in partial fulfilment of required for the award of degree.
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
KOTTE VINEETH
(Reg.no 22J41A0491)
Under the guidance of
Mr. G. CHAITANYA REDDY
Assitant.Professor, Department of ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

Maisammaguda , Secunderabad , Telangana , India 500100

May – 2024
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Real Time Project Report” submitted by KOTTE

VINEETH (22J41A0491) is work done by him and submitted during 2023-2024

academic year, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award ofthe degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, at MREC COLLEGE, HYDERABAD.

SIGNATURE

Dr. M. Jagadeesh Chandra Prasad

HOD

Department of ECE
Malla Reddy Engineering College
Secunderabad, 500 100
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our thanks to Principal of the MREC College, Dr A. Ramaswami Reddy,

Chairman of IQAC, for his encouragement and support. We owe an enormous debt of gratitude

to our department HOD Dr. M. Jagadeesh Chandra Prasad, Department of ECE for helping

us in accomplishing our project being by our side every time we faced any problem and

explaining each perspective of this course with great care and interest. We are thankful and

fortunate for her excellent support, boundless enthusiasm, and constructive criticism at all the

stages of our project work. It is a great privilege to work under her guidance. At last, we thank

allthe associates who helped until the completion of our project.

KOTTE VINEETH

22J41A0491

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 ABSTRACT

This project explores the use of piezoelectric sensors integrated with an

Arduino microcontroller for electricity generation. Piezoelectric sensors,
known for their ability to convert mechanical stress into electrical energy,
are utilized to capture vibrations and pressure changes. The Arduino serves
as a platform for data collection and system control, enabling efficient
management and storage of the generated electrical energy. By embedding
piezoelectric sensors in common surfaces such as floors or shoes, mechanical
energy from Pressure and other movements is converted into usable electrical
power. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using piezoelectric sensors
and Arduino for sustainable, small-scale energy harvesting applications,
highlighting potential benefits in reducing reliance on conventional power
sources and promoting innovative energy solutions.
This works on the principle of the electric effect. Here the charge is collected
on the metal plate and used to generate a voltage and send an electric current
through a circuit. It is through this process that the sensor is activated. This
sensor is made using two plates. That is, made of a copper plate and ceramic
plate. Especially, the negative wire should be connected to the copper plate
and the positive wire to the ceramic plate.

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 Table of Contents

S. Contents Page No
No
1 CERTIFICATE
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3 ABSTRACT
4 INTRODUCTION 1
5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 2-5
6 CIRCUIT/ BLOCK DIAGRAM 6
7 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 7-8
8 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 8-11
9 RESULTS 12-13
10 CONCLUSION 14
11 REFERENCE 15
 List of Figures

S.no List of Figures Page no

1. Bread Board 2

2. Arduino uno 3
3. Jumper wires 3

4. Arduino uno Cable 4

5. Piezoelectric cable 4
6. Led 5

7. Resistor 5

8. Circuit diagram 6

9. Connecting steps 7

10. Before Output 12

11. After Output 13

 INTRODUCTION:

Generating electricity using piezoelectric sensors leverages the uniquability of certain

materials to convert mechanical stress into electrical energy. Piezoelectric materials,
such as quartz or specially designed ceramics, produce an electric charge when
subjected to mechanical pressure or vibrations. This phenomenon can be harnessed in
various applications, from small-scale power sources for electronic devices to large-
scale energy harvesting systems. For example, piezoelectric sensors embedded in floors
can generate electricity from the pressure exerted by footsteps, making it a viable option
for powering low-energy devices or contributing to the energy grid in busy public
spaces. A Piezo sensor is a device used to measure changes in pressure, acceleration,
temperature, strain, or force. It uses electric charges. The word piezo is a Greek word. It
means ‘press’ or squeezes.Ok, let’s see how does work this sensor. This works on the
principle of the electric effect. Here the charge is collected on the metal plate and used
to generate a voltage and send an electric current through a circuit. It is through this
process that the sensor is activated. This sensor is made using two plates. That is, made
of a copper plate and ceramic plate. Especially, the negative wire should be connected to
the copper plate and the positive wire to the ceramic plate. We can use this piezo sensor
to get inputs and outputs. This technology offers a sustainable and innovative approach
to energy generation, capitalizing on everyday movements and environmental vibrations
that would otherwise be wasted.

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS :

• Bread board - 1
• Arduino uno -1
• Arduino uno cable -1
• Led -5
• Resistor (10k ohms) -1
• Piezoelectric sensor -1
• Jumper wires

Bread board:

Fig a: Bread Board

Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces when learning how to build circuits. In
this tutorial, you will learn a little bit about what breadboards are, why they are called
breadboards, and how to use one. Once you are done you should have a basic understanding
of how breadboards work and be able to build a basic circuit on a breadboard.

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Arduino Uno:

Fig b: Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the processor ATmega328P.
There are 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It contains all the necessary modules needed to support the
microcontroller. Just plug it into a computer with a USB cable or power it with an adapter to
get started. You can experiment with your Arduino without worrying too much about it.

Jumper Wires:

Fig c: Jumper wires

Jumper wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point

on a circuit to another, because electricity needs a medium through
which to move. wires are embedded into circuit boards, carrying pulses
of electricity that are interpreted as binary signals of zeros and ones.

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 Arduino Uno cable:

Fig d: Arduino uno Cable

The Arduino USB Cable for UNO and Mega is a type of USB cable designed specifically
for the Arduino UNO and Mega microcontroller boards. It has a standard USB connector
on one end and a type B USB connector on the other, allowing it to be connected to a
computer or other USB device.

Piezoelectric sensor:

Fig e: Piezoelectric Sensor

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that generates an electrical charge in response to

mechanical stress. When pressure, vibration, or other forms of force are applied to a
piezoelectric material (like quartz or certain ceramics), it produces a proportional
electrical signal. These sensors are widely used for precise measurements in various
applications, including accelerometers, microphones, and medical devices, due to their
high sensitivity and reliability.

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Led:

Fig f: LED Light

Light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons. The Colour of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the
band gap of the semiconductor.

Resistor:

Fig g: Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Fig h: Circuit Diagram

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HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:

Generation of electricity using a Piezoelectric sensor. These include the

following steps:

Fig i: Connecting Steps

1. Connect the Piezoelectric Sensor:

- Connect the positive terminal of the Piezoelectric sensor to the bread board and
analog pin on the Arduino Uno.

- Connect the negative terminal of the sensor to the ground (GND) pin on the Arduino.

2. Connect the LEDs:

- Connect the anode (longer leg) of each LED to digital pins on the Arduino (e.g., pin
A2 to pin A6).

- Connect the cathode (shorter leg) of each LED to the ground of the bread board.

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 - Connect to the ground (GND) pin on the Arduino.

3. Code Implementation:

- Write a program in the Arduino IDE that reads the sensor values and controls the
LEDs based on the energy generated by the Piezoelectric sensor.

- Use the analogRead() function to read the sensor value from the Piezoelectric sensor.

- Based on the energy generated by the sensor, you can light up the LEDs by using
digitalWrite() to the respective LED pins.

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION:

Implementing the hardware for a Generation of electricity using Piezoelectric sensor an

Arduino Uno involves setting up the necessary components and wiring them together.

Components Needed:

Arduino Uno

Piezoelectric sensor

LED

Resistor

Breadboard

Jumper wires

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1. Setting Up the Arduino IDE:

- Make sure you have the Arduino IDE installed on your computer.

- Connect your Arduino Uno to your computer using a USB cable.

2.Code:

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor

for (byte a = 2; a <= 6; a++) {

pinMode(a, OUTPUT);

void loop() {

int value = analogRead(A1);//read analog value and put in to the variable

Serial.println(value);//print serial monitor

for (int a = 1; a <= 5; a++) {

if (value > a * 20) {

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 digitalWrite(a + 1, HIGH);

} else {

digitalWrite(a + 1, LOW);

3. Writing the Code:

- Define the pins for the Piezoelectric sensor, LEDs, and the resistor at the beginning of your
code.

- In the setup() function, initialize the sensor pin as an input and the LED pins as outputs.

- In the loop() function, read the analog value from the Piezoelectric sensor using
analogRead() function.

- Based on the sensor reading, control the illumination of the LEDs by using digitalWrite()
to turn them on or off.

4. Implementing Real-time Energy Generation:

- Calculate the energy generated by the Piezoelectric sensor based on the sensor
readings.

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 - Map this energy level to the brightness or pattern of the LEDs to visualize the
electricity generation in real-time.

- You can use if-else statements or switch-case statements to control the LEDs
based on the energy levels.

5. Debugging and Compile:

- Upload the code to your Arduino Uno and observe the behavior of the LEDs when pressure
or vibrations are applied to the Piezoelectric sensor.

- Adjust the code as needed to fine-tune the LED response to the energy generated by the
sensor.

6. Generation of electricity:

- When pressure or vibrations are applied to the Piezoelectric sensor, it

generates electricity.

- The Arduino Uno reads this generated energy and illuminates the LEDs
based on the level of energy produced in real-time.

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RESULT:

Fig j:Before Output

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Fig k: After Output

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CONCLUSION :

In conclusion, generating electricity using a piezoelectric sensor integrated with an

Arduino can be an effective and educational project. By converting mechanical energy
into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect, these sensors provide a way to
harness energy from vibrations, pressure, or motion. An Arduino can be programmed to
process and utilize this electrical output, enabling a variety of applications such as
powering small devices, creating self-sustaining systems, or developing energy-
harvesting sensors. This project demonstrates the potential of renewable energy
technologies and serves as a hands-on learning experience in electronics and
programming. Generating electricity using piezoelectric sensors is a promising
technology for harvesting small amounts of energy from mechanical movements or
vibrations. This method can be utilized in various applications such as powering small
electronic devices, sensors, and wearables, especially in remote or portable settings.
While the energy output is relatively low compared to traditional power sources,
advancements in piezoelectric materials and energy storage solutions are enhancing their
efficiency and potential use in sustainable and renewable energy systems.

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REFERENCE:

1.Bread board: https://images.app.goo.gl/eFpK1ZDAK1b8L9nd7

2.Arduino uno: https://images.app.goo.gl/BxivPpmNBLYsTRHj9

3.Jumoer wires: https://images.app.goo.gl/HDAty6hPFCe2DLtB8

4.Arduino uno cable: https://images.app.goo.gl/E32FjecurWWgU1Hq5

5.Piezoelectric sensor: https://images.app.goo.gl/qjqueUktHCM9m79N6

6.Led: https://images.app.goo.gl/6peTiAqzGGfcnHLW7

7.Resistor: https://images.app.goo.gl/J5wQigiGZa4EirEF6

8.Circuit Implementation:
https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=
QUFFLUhqblpZSVpWcl9aUW1jVkxk5cG5TUXxBQ3Jtc0ttNElnUS

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