Basic First Aid

Physical Education 4
 Contents
Concepts
• Definition
• Cardinal Principle
• Body Substance Isolation
• Personal Protective Equipment
• EMS System
• EMS Symbol : Star of Life
• Levels of Training
Recognition of Emergencies
Calling for Help
 Contents
Patient Assessment (MOI or NOI)
Lifting and Moving
Medical Emergencies
• Respiratory
• Neurological
• Environmental
Trauma Emergencies
• Soft Tissue Injuries
• Bones, Joints, and Muscle
Injuries
 Learning Objectives
•Provide knowledge and practical
emergency skills to survive and help in
rescue during emergencies or disasters.

•Develop culture of safety training and

preparedness among students
 Definition
• First Aid is a system of assessments and
interventions that can be performed by a
bystander (or by the victim) with minimal or
no medical equipment.

• A first aid provider is defined as someone

with formal training in first aid, emergency
care who provides first aid.
 •Observant
•Empathic
Characteristics •Tactful
of a •Resourceful
First Aider •Calm
•Gentle
Cardinal Principle

“Primum Non Nocere”

First, Do No Harm
 Body Substance
Isolation

If the fluid is not yours, avoid

unprotected contact.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Patient
Assessment
Process
 • Scene Size-up
• Safety First: Rescuer,
Buddy, Bystander,
Victim
• Body Substance
Recognition Isolation precaution
• Consider MOI or NOI
• Determine Number
of Patients
• Consider additional
resources
 Current Standards
utilize U.S. System
assuming that there is
an established EMS
system present in the
Calling locality and that all
BLS ambulances have
AED. Unfortunately,
For Help this is not the case in
the Philippines.

Know your local

emergency hotlines.
 Scene Size-up
Primary Survey:
• ABCs
• Mechanism of Injury
(Trauma)
Patient • Nature of Illness
Assessment (Medical)
Focused Physical
Exam
Check Interventions
Ongoing Assessment
Check for
Consciousness
Check for Airway
Check
for
Breathing

Look, Listen, and Feel for breathing not less than 10 seconds
Check for Circulation

Palpate Carotid Pulse while checking for breathing

Assess
Circulation
Capillary refill
•Should be
restored to
normal within
2 seconds
 Patient Assessment:
Emergency Conditions
MECHANISM OF INJURY NATURE OF ILLNESS
BDOTS SAMPLE
• Bleeding • Signs and Symptoms
• Deformity • Allergies
• Open wound • Medications
• Tenderness • Past History
• Swelling • Last Oral Intake
• Events Leading to Illness
 SAMPLE HISTORY:
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
NATURE A LLERGIES
OF MEDICATION
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
ILLNESS LAST ORAL INTAKE
EVENT LEADING TO INCIDENT